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Gagnes types of learning

INTRODUCTION Gagne's taxonomy consists of five categories of learning outcomes - verbal information, intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, attitudes, and motor skills. The five subcategories of intellectual skills are hierarchical in nature means low-level skills to high-level skills. Gagnes hierarchy of intellectual skills follows programmed instruction since one skill must be learned before another can be mastered.

INTELLECTUAL SKILLS Intellectual skills actually divide by 5. It is discrimination, concrete concept, defined concept, rule and higher order rule. Discrimination is recognizing that two classes of things differ. Concrete concept is classifying things by their physical features alone. Defined concept is classifying things by their abstract and possibly physical features. Rule is applying a simple procedure to solve a problem or accomplish a task. Lastly is the higher order rule or problem solving, and it is about applying a complex procedure (or multiple simple procedures) to solve a problem or accomplish a task. The general meaning of intellectual skills can be concluding as the ability to interact with surroundings using concept symbols. It is like ask the children to predict outcomes. For example, we can ask the children to predict the rate of growth of a plant based on the condition of water, soil, light, carbon dioxide and oxygen.

COGNITIVE STRATEGIES Cognitive strategies is Inventing or selecting a particular mental process to solve a problem or accomplish a task. It is about the ability to control the individual behavior to learn, remember and think.

It is like encourage children on their own ways to remember. For the example, students use the mnemonic devices to remember the concept of science like using this technique to remember the color of rainbow.

VERBAL INFORMATION Verbal information is reciting something from memory. It is also about development of information using language. It is like ask children recall science and concept orally or in writing. For the example we can ask the children to name the parts of an electric circuit and the function using language. It is about the language, so we must train the students to talk and to write. It will help them when they enter higher level of studies.

MOTOR SKILLS The meaning of Motor skills is performing a physical task to some specified standard. It is also about the manipulative skills and carrying out of routine work. We can provide children with opportunities to use hand lenses, simple tools and measuring devices. For the example, prepare microscope slide. So, using their motor skills, student can use the slide carefully, because control their movement.

ATTITUDES An attitude is choosing to behave in a way that reflects a newly-acquired value or belief. It is about the change of attitudes towards something like, from negative thinking to positive thinking. To achieve this we can select content that are relevant to the child daily life so that, he or she can develops a positive attitude towards science. For the example, doing the experiment or visiting science museum voluntarily. So, the students minds-set about science will change. The students will think that science is interesting and it is

not boring and is not based on the theory only, but is also have the ways to prove tall the theory. It is not about the science only, but the strategies also can be use in another subject.

CONCLUSION First of all, Gagne's theory does provide a great deal of valuable information to teachers like me. For example, for cognitive strategies to be learned, there must be a chance to practice developing new solutions to problems to learn new attitudes, the learner must be exposed to a credible role model or persuasive arguments. As a teacher the domains of learning will me to better organize my thoughts and the objectives of the instructional lesson. I believe it is mostly appealing to those teachers who may be early in their teaching careers and are in need of structure for their lesson plans and a holistic view of their teaching.

References

Gagne learning theory [online] Available: http://home.gwu.edu/~mcorry/corry1.htm (2008, September 1)

Gagne learning theory [online] Available: http://www.personal.psu.edu/students/w/x/wxh139/gagne.htm (2008, September 1)

Gagne learning theory [online] Available: http://www.aect.org/edtech/ed1/18/18-03.html (2008, September 1)

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