M.

Jabbari
Assistant Professor Postgraduate School, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

H. Dehbani
Postgraduate School, Sama Technical and Vocational Training School, Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch, Varamin, Iran

An Exact Solution for Classic Coupled Thermoelasticity in Cylindrical Coordinates

In this paper, the classic coupled thermoelasticity model of hollow and solid cylinders under radial-symmetric loading condition r , t is considered. A full analytical method is used, and an exact unique solution of the classic coupled equations is presented. The thermal and mechanical boundary conditions, the body force, and the heat source are considered in the most general forms, where no limiting assumption is used. DOI: 10.1115/1.4003459 Keywords: coupled thermoelasticity, hollow cylinder, exact solution

M. R. Eslami
Professor Fellow ASME Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Introduction

The coupled thermoelasticity of structural problems is frequently referred to in literature, where the assumption is used in the advanced engineering design problems for the structures under thermal shock loads. A thick circular cylindrical pressure vessel, as a structural member, may be subjected to mechanical and thermal shock loads. A pressure vessel under thermal shock at reneries and power plants, when the period of thermal shock is of the same order of magnitude as the period of lowest natural frequency of the vessel, may experience the stress wave fronts and thus should be analyzed through the coupled form of the energy and thermoelasticity equations. In this case, thermal stress and temperature wave fronts are produced and propagated through the structure. Engineering codes consider such a case as one of the loading conditions and put a limit on the magnitude of the resulting stresses by dening a proper allowable stress value 1 . The literature on the subject of coupled thermoelasticity for a bounded geometry with the given boundary conditions is extremely limited. The coupled thermoelasticity of an innite space and a half-space is treated in literature, and exact solutions are available. For these cases, a few number of papers that present the closed-form or analytical solution for the coupled thermoelasticity problems are available. Hetnarski 2 found the solution of coupled thermoelasticity in the form of a series function. Hetnarski and Ignaczak 3 presented a study of the one dimensional thermoelastic waves produced by an instantaneous plane source of heat in homogeneous isotropic innite and semi-innite bodies of the GreenLindsay type. The same authors presented an analysis of the laser-induced waves propagating in an absorbing thermoelastic semispace of the GreenLindsay type 4 . Georgiadis and Lykotratis 5 obtained a three dimensional transient thermoelastic solution for the Rayleigh-type disturbances propagating on the surface of a half-space. Wagner 6 presented the fundamental matrix of a system of partial differential operators that governs the diffusion of heat and the strains in an elastic media. This method can be used to predict the temperature distribution and the strains by an instantaneous heat point source or by a suddenly applied delta force. The mathematical treatment of such thermoelasticity problems by the analytical methods is rather complicated, and the numerical
Contributed by the Pressure Vessel and Piping Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY. Manuscript received February 20, 2010; nal manuscript received January 3, 2011; published online July 14, 2011. Assoc. Editor: Somnath Chattopdhyay.

methods of solution are employed to analyze such problems. Milne et al. studied spherical elastic-plastic wave solutions 7 . These authors applied two closed-form radially symmetric elasticplastic wave solutions corresponding to the spherical cavity loadings and compared the results with the numerical solutions constructed by a nite difference code. Berezovski et al. presented the numerical simulation of nonlinear elastic wave propagation in piecewise homogeneous media 8 . Also, Berezovski et al. presented the two dimensional propagation of stress waves in functionally graded materials FGMs using a numerical method and by means of the composite wave-propagation algorithm 9 . They considered two distinct models of FGMs: rst, a multilayered metal-ceramic composite with averaged properties within the layers and, second, the randomly embedded ceramic particles in a metal matrix with prescribed volume fractions. Their analysis showed signicant differences in the stress wave characteristics for the two distinct models, which can be used for optimizing the response of such structures to impact loading. Berezovski and Maugin simulated the wave front propagation in thermoelastic materials with phase transformation by means of the nite-volume numerical method 10 . These authors also simulated the thermoelastic wave propagation by means of a composite wavepropagation algorithm 11 . Engelbrecht et al. studied the nonlinear effects on the deformation waves in solids and dispersion 12 . In the mentioned work, the existence of solitary waves, the emergence of solitary wave trains, and the waves in piecewise nonlinear laminated materials are briey discussed. Angel and Achenbach studied the effect of oblique incidence with an arbitrary angle on the reection and transmission of elastic waves by a periodic array of cracks, and they studied the interaction of elastic waves with a planar array of periodically spaced cracks of equal lengths 13 . Mendelsohn et al. presented the two dimensional scattering of incident surface waves and incident body waves by a surface-breaking crack 14 . Dempsey et al. computed the modeIII stress-intensity factor at the tip of the kinked crack for angles of incidence varying from normal to grazing incidence and for arbitrary subsonic crack tip speeds 15 . Achenbach derived explicit solutions for carrier waves supporting the surface waves and plate waves 16 . He reconsidered time-harmonic surface waves in a half-space and plate waves in a layer of a homogeneous transversely isotropic linearly elastic solid, where the x1x2-plane is the plane of transverse isotropy. Achenbach and Li studied the two dimensional propagation of horizontally polarized transverse waves in a solid with a periodic distribution of cracks 17 . They used the theory of Floquet or Bloch waves, together with an appropriate Greens function and the condition of vanishing traction OCTOBER 2011, Vol. 133 / 051204-1

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on the crack faces, which leads to a system of singular integral equations, which provides the basis for the derivation of an exact dispersion equation. Roberts et al. investigated analytically and experimentally the reection of elastic waves from a traction-free solid-air boundary of periodic saw-tooth prole 18 . Brind et al. studied the high-frequency scattering of elastic waves from the cylindrical cavities 19 . In their paper, the scattering of timeharmonic plane longitudinal elastic waves by smooth convex cylindrical cavities is investigated, and the exact solution for a circle is evaluated for wavelengths of the same order as the radius. Auld studied the acoustic elds and wave propagation in both isotropic and anisotropic solids 20 . He discussed the reection and refraction at plane surfaces, composite media, waveguides, and resonators. Achenbach studied the wave propagation in elastic solids and presented an exposition of the basic concepts of mechanical wave propagation within a one dimensional setting. He studied the formal aspects of elastodynamic theory in three dimensions and discussed the typical wave-propagation phenomena, such as radiation, reection, refraction, propagation in waveguides, and diffraction 21 . In problems of coupled thermoelasticity, the majority of papers focus on the numerical methods of solution. Bagri and Eslami 22 studied the generalized coupled thermoelasticity of a functionally graded annular disk based on the LordShulman model, where the Laplace transform is used to transform the governing equations into the Laplace domain. The Galerkin nite element method is employed to solve the system of ordinary differential equations in the space domain, where the actual physical quantities in the time domain are obtained using the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. Lee and Yang 23 investigated an inverse problem of the coupled thermoelasticity of an innite cylinder and estimated the time-varying heat ux of the cylinder at the outer boundary by the time history of the measured temperature on an interior point or distributed on the surface. Yang et al. 24 presented a technique to solve the inverse boundary value problems of coupled thermoelasticity in an innitely long annular cylinder and computed the boundary time-varying heat ux by knowing the strain history at any point of the cylinder. Subsequently, the distributions of temperature and thermal stresses in the cylinder at various times are determined. Eraslan and Orean 25 obtained the transient solution of the thermostatic-plastic deformation of internal heat-generating tubes by the thermomechanical coupling effect and temperature-dependent physical material parameters and used the partial differential solver PDECOL for this purpose. PDECOL is based on the method of lines and uses a nite element collocation procedure for the discretization of the spatial variable. Yang and Chu 26 analyzed the transient coupled thermoelasticity of an annular n and neglected the effect of the inertia term in the equation of motion. They considered the mechanical coupling effect in heat conduction equation. Using the Laplace transform with respect to time, the governing equations became decoupled, and the approximate method Fourier series technique was used to achieve the inversion to the real time domain. Bahtui and Eslami 27 studied the coupled thermoelastic response of a functionally graded circular cylindrical shell and used a Galerkin nite element formulation in the space domain and the Laplace transform in the time domain. Bakhshi et al. 28 studied the coupled thermoelasticity of a functionally graded disk and used the Laplace transform and the Galerkin nite element method to solve the governing equations. Hosseni-Tehrani and Eslami 29 used the boundary element method to develop the coupled thermoelasticity formulation of the thermal and mechanical shock problems in a two dimensional nite domain. The formulation is based on the Laplace transfer technique in the time domain, where the solution is obtained using an appropriate numerical inversion technique. Tanigawa and Takeuti 30 developed a new technique for the coupled thermal stress problem of a hollow sphere under partial heating. The solution is obtained by a simultaneous determination of the stresses and temperature distri051204-2 / Vol. 133, OCTOBER 2011

bution by introducing a new harmonic function. They used the Laplace transform and Laplace inversion formulas with the theorem of residue. Bagri and Eslami 31 presented a solution for the one dimensional generalized thermoelasticity of a disk. They employed the Laplace transform and the Galerkin nite element method to solve the governing equations. Bagri et al. 32 proposed a unied formulation of the generalized coupled thermoelasticity and applied it to a layer of isotropic material, where the governing equations are solved by the Laplace transform and the numerical inverse of the Laplace transform. Cannarozzi and Ubertini 33 presented a mixed variational method for the linear coupled thermoelasticity, where a nite element model for the semidiscrete analysis is developed. In this work, a full analytical method is proposed to obtain the response of the governing equations of the classical coupled thermoelasticity in cylindrical coordinates, where an exact solution is presented. The method of solution is based on the Fourier expansion and eigenfunction methods, which is a traditional and routine method in solving the partial differential equations. Since the coefcients of equations are not functions of the time variable t , an exponential form is considered for the general solution. For the particular solution, that is, the response to mechanical and thermal shocks, the eigenfunction method and Laplace transformation are used. This work is the extension of the previous paper that presented an exact solution in the spherical coordinates 34 .

Governing Equations

A hollow cylinder with inner and outer radii ri and ro made of isotropic material subjected to the radial-symmetric mechanical and thermal shock loads is considered. The classical theory of coupled thermoelasticity for the wave propagation is considered. If u is the displacement component in the radial direction, the strain-displacement relations for the radial-symmetric loading condition are
rr

= u,r 1 u = r

where , denotes the partial derivative. The stress-strain relations for the plane strain condition are
rr

1+

E 12 E 12 1 r

rr

E T r,t 12 2

1+

rr

+ 1

E T r,t 12

The equation of motion in the radial direct is

rr,r

rr

+ F r,t = u

Using relations 1 3 , the Navier equation in terms of the displacement component is 1 1 u,rr + u,r 2 u r r 1+ 1 T,r 1+ E 12 u = F r,t 1 4 The coupled heat conduction equation for the radial-symmetric loading condition is 34,35 1 c E T T,rr + T,r T r k k 12 1 u,r + u = Q r,t r 5

where , , E, k, c, and T denote the linear thermal coefcient, density, modulus of elasticity, thermal conduction coefcient, specic heat, and initial reference temperature, respectively. Here, F r , t and Q r , t are the body force and heat generation source, Transactions of the ASME

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respectively. The mechanical and thermal boundary conditions are 34 C11u ri,t + C12u,r ri,t + C13T ri,t = f 1 t C21u ro,t + C22u,r ro,t + C23T ro,t = f 2 t 6 C31T ri,t + C32T,r ri,t = f 3 t C41T ro,t + C42T,r ro,t = f 4 t where Cij are the mechanical and thermal coefcients; by assigning different values for them, different types of mechanical and thermal boundary conditions may be obtained. These boundary conditions include the displacement, strain, stress, specied temperature, convection, and heat ux, and they are presented in Appendixes B and C. The initial boundary conditions are assumed in general form, u r,0 = f 5 r u,t r,0 = f 6 r T r,0 = f 7 r 7

d2

+ d 3 + d 1d 4

=0

13

Equation 13 is the rst characteristic equation. Thus, it is concluded that the rst solutions for U1 and 1 satisfy the system of Eq. 9 , and they are the rst solutions of this system. The second solution of the system of ordinary differential equations with nonconstant coefcients Eq. 9 must be considered as U2 r = A2J1 r + A3rJ2 r 14
2

r = B2J0 r + B3rJ1 r

Substituting Eq. 14 into Eq. 9 yields

2

d2 A3 + d1 B3 rJ0 r +

d2 A2 +

2 d2 A3

d1 B2 J1 r = 0 d4 A2 +
2

+ d3 B2 + 2 B3 J0 r +

d4 A3 +

15

+ d3 B3 rJ1 r = 0 The expressions for U2 and and only if

2

Solution

can be the solutions of Eq. 9 if A3 B3 0 0

Equations 4 and 5 are a system of nonhomogeneous partial differential equations with nonconstant coefcients functions of radial variable r and with general and particular solutions. 3.1 General Solution With Homogeneous Boundary Conditions. Since the coefcients of these equations are independent of time variable t , the exponential function form of the time variable may be assumed for the general solution as u r,t = U r e T r,t = r e
t

+ d4

d2
2

d1
2

+ d3
2

16

d2 A2 +
2

2 d2 A3 d1 B2 = 0

17 18

d4 A2 + 8

+ d3 B2 + 2 B3 = 0

The nontrivial solution of Eq. 16 is obtained by setting the determinant equal to zero as
2

Substituting Eq. 8 into the homogeneous parts of Eqs. 4 and 5 yields 1 1 U + U 2 U + d1 r r 1 + r + d3 + d4 + d 2 2U = 0 9 1 U + U =0 r

d2

+ d 3 + d 1d 4

=0

19

Equation 9 is a system of ordinary differential equations, where shows differentiation with respect to the the prime symbol radial variable r and d1 d4 are constant parameters given in Appendix A. The rst solutions of U1 and 1 are considered as U 1 r = A 1J 1 r 10
1

The characteristic Eq. 19 is the same as the characteristic Eq. 13 . This equality is interesting as it prevents mathematical dilemma and complexity, and a single value for the eigenvalue simultaneously satises both characteristic Eqs. 13 and 19 . Equations 17 and 18 give the relation between A2, A3, B2, and B3, and they play as the balancing ratios that help Eq. 14 to be the second solution of the system of Eq. 9 . Equations 17 and 18 are two algebraic equations with six unknown A2, A3, B2, B3, , and . Since the number of unknowns are more than the equations, there is no restriction to bring noncompatibility between Eqs. 16 18 . The complete general solutions for the solid cylinder are U g r = A 1J 1 r + A 2 J 1 r +
g 1rJ2 4rJ1

r = B 1J 0 r

r 20 r

Substituting Eq. 10 into Eq. 9 and using the formulas for derivatives of the Bessel function, such as dJ0 r / dr = J1 r and dJn r / dr = Jn1 r n Jn r / r , yield
2

r = A 1 2J 0 r + A 2

3J 0

r +

Those for the hollow cylinder are U g r = A 1J 1 r + A 2 J 1 r +

1rJ2

d2 A1 d1 B1 J1 r = 0
2

r + A 3Y 1 r 21

11 + d3 B1 J0 r = 0
1

d4 A1 +

+ A4 Y 1 r +
g

1rY 2 3J 0 4rY 1

r
4rJ1

Equation 11 shows that U1 and if and only if

2

can be the solutions of Eq. 9 A1 B1 0 0

r = A 1 2J 0 r + A 2 + A4
3Y 0

r + r

r + A 3 2Y 0 r

+ d4

r +

d2

d1
2

+ d3

12

The nontrivial solution of Eq. 12 is obtained by setting the determinant of this equation equal to zero as Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology

where 1 4 are ratios obtained from Eqs. 12 , 17 , and 18 and are given in Appendix A. Substituting Ug and g in the homogeneous form of the boundary conditions Eq. 6 , four linear algebraic equations are obtained as OCTOBER 2011, Vol. 133 / 051204-3

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11 21 31 41

12 22 32 42

13 23 33 43

14 24 34 44

A1 A2 A2 A3 =

0 0 0 0 22

ug r,t =
n=1

a ne

n1t

+ e

nt

bn cos

dnt

+ cn sin

dnt

H1

nr

29 Tg r,t =
n=1

where ij are the coefcients depending on and and are given in Appendix A. Setting the determinant of the coefcients of Eq. 22 equal to zero, the second characteristic equation is obtained. A simultaneous solution of this equation and Eq. 13 results in an innite number of two eigenvalues, n and n. Therefore, Ug and g are rewritten as U r = A1 J1 +
g 8Y 1 10J0 14Y 0 nr nr g nr

a ne

n1t

+ e

nt

bn cos

dnt

+ cn sin

dnt

H0

nr

Using the initial conditions Eq. 7 and with the help of Eqs. 27 29 , four unknown constants, an, bn, cn, and dn, are obtained. 3.2 Particular Solution With Nonhomogeneous Boundary Conditions. The general solutions may be used as proper functions to guess the particular solution adopted to the nonhomogeneous parts of Eqs. 4 and 5 and the nonhomogeneous boundary conditions Eq. 6 as u p r,t =
n=1

+
nr

5J 1

nr

+
nr

6rJ2

nr

7Y 1

nr

9rY 2 11J0

23 r = A1 + + +
nr nr

12rJ1

nr

13Y 0

nr

15rY 1

G1n t J1

nr

+ G2n t rJ2

nr

+ r2G5n t 30

where 5 15 are ratios presented in Appendix A and are obtained from Eq. 22 . Let us show the functions in the brackets of Eq. 23 by functions H1 and H0 as H1
nr

T p r,t =
n=1

G3n t J0

nr

+ G4n t rJ1

nr

+ r2G6n t

= J1 +

nr 8Y 1 nr

5J 1 nr +

nr

6rJ2 nr

nr

7Y 1

nr

9rY 2 nr

24 H0
nr

For solid cylinders, the second type of Bessel function Y is excluded. It is necessary and suitable to expand the body force F r , t and heat source Q r , t in the H-Fourier expansion form as F r,t =
n=1

10J0

+
nr

11J0

+
nr

12rJ1

nr

13Y 0

nr

14Y 0

15rY 1

Fn t H1

nr

According to the SturmLiouville theories, these functions are orthogonal with respect to the weight function p r = r as
ro

31 Q r,t = Qn t H0
n=1 nr

H
ri

nr H

mr rdr =

0 H
nr 2

n=m

25 where Fn t and Qn t are Fn t = 26 Qn t = 1 H1 1 H0

nr nr

where H

nr

is the norm of the H function and equals

ro 1/2

ro 2 ri ro 2 ri

F r,t H1

nr

rdr 32

nr

=
ri

rH

nr

dr

Due to the orthogonality of function H, every piecewise continuous function, such as f r , can be expanded in terms of the function H either for H0 or H1 and is called the H-Fourier series as f r =
n=1

Q r,t H0

nr

rdr

Substituting Eqs. 30 and 31 into the nonhomogeneous form of Eqs. 4 and 5 yields
2 nG1n

e nH

nr

27

t + d2G1n t + 2
n

2
n

d2G2n t d1

nG3n

t + d8d15G5n t

where en equals en = 1 H
nr 2 ri ro

+ d8d16 f r H r rdr 28

G5n t + d9d15G6n t + d9d16

2
n

G6n t

+ d10d15G5n t + d10d16 + 2
n

2 G5n t + d5d7d15
n

According to the numerical results, there are three groups for eigenvalues n, where the rst n1 is real and negative, and the second and third ones, n2 and n3, are conjugate complex with a negative real part, n n, and an imaginary part, dn. Terms dn and n are the damped and nondamped thermal-mechanical natural frequencies, and n is the damping ratio for the nth natural mode. Equation 13 is an algebraic equation in polynomial form, and the determinant of Eq. 22 is an algebraic equation in the Bessel function form. The exact analytical solution for this system of nonlinear algebraic equations is complicated, and the numerical method of solution is employed in this paper. Since the Bessel functions are periodic, the system has an innite number of roots. The numerical results of n and n for 50 roots are presented in Sec. 4. Using Eqs. 8 , 23 , and 24 , the displacement and temperature distributions due to the general solution become 051204-4 / Vol. 133, OCTOBER 2011

d5d7d16 rJ0

nr

2 nG2n

t d2G2n t + d1

nG4n nr

t =0 33

d8d16G5n t d10d16G5n d4d16G6n t d5d7d16 J1 d4

nG1n

2 nG3n

t + d3G3n t + 2

nG4n

t + d9d17G5n t
nr

+ d12d17G6n t + d14d17G6n t + d6d11d17 J0 + d4 nG2n t

2 nG4n

+ d3G4n t + d13d18G5n t
nr

+ d12d18G6n t + d13d18G6n t + d6d11d18 rJ1

=0

where d7 d18 and d37 and d38 are the coefcients of H-expansion and are given in Appendix A. The guessed functions Eq. 30 Transactions of the ASME

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can satisfy the nonhomogeneous part of Eqs. 4 and 5 if and only if

2 nG1n

d4

nG1n

2 nG3n

t + d3G3n t + 2

nG4n

t + d9d17G5n t

t + d2G1n t + 2
n

2
n

d2G2n t d1

nG3n t + d8d15G5n t

+ d12d17G6n t + d14d17G6n t + d6d11d17 = 0

+ d8d16

G5n t + d9d15G6n t + d9d16

2
n

G6n t

d4

nG2n

2 nG4n

+ d3G4n t + d13d18G5n t + d12d18G6n t

+ d10d15G5n t + d10d16
2 nG2n

2 2 G5n t + d5d7d15 + d5d7d16 = 0

n n nG4n

+ d13d18G6n t + d6d11d18 = 0 Taking the Laplace transform of Eq. 34 and using two boundary conditions of Eq. 6 for solid cylinders, only the second and fourth boundary conditions are applicable give

t d2G2n t + d1

t d8d16G5n t d10d16G 34

d4d16G6n t d5d7d16 = 0

0
2 n

2 n

d 2s 2 d 2S 2 0
ns n

0 d1
2 n n

d1 0

d8d16 d10d16s2 d19 + d20s2

n

d9d16 d9d15 + d9d16 2

n

+ d 2s 2
ns

d4 0

+ d3s 2d13d17 0
2 n

d13d17s d13d18s d25 0

d12d17 + d14d18s d12d18 + d14d18s d26 d29

35

d4 0

+ d 3s

d21 0

d22

d23 d27

d24 d28

Equation 35 is a system of algebraic equations and is solved for G1n s G6n s by the Cramer methods in the Laplace domain, where by the inverse Laplace transform the functions are transformed into the real time domain. In the process of solution, it is necessary to consider the following points. 1. The initial conditions Eq. 7 are considered only for the general solutions Eq. 29 . The initial conditions of G1n t G6n t for the particular solutions are considered equal to zero. 2. Equation 35 is in polynomial form function of the Laplace parameter s not the Bessel function form of s . Therefore, the exact inverse Laplace transform is possible and somehow simple. 3. For the hollow cylinder, it is enough to include the second type of the Bessel function Y r in the sequence of particular solution as

Results and Discussion

u p r,t =
n=1

G1n t J1 + G3n t Y 1 + r G6n t

2 nr

nr

+ G2n t rJ2

nr nr

+ G4n t rY 2

+ rG5n t 36

As an example, a solid cylinder with ro = 1m made of aluminium is considered. The material properties are shown in Table 1. Using the values of material properties given in Table 1, the rst 50 roots of n and n are calculated, as shown in Table 2. The initial temperature T is considered to be 293 K. Now, an instantaneous hot outside surface temperature T 1 , t = 103T t , where t is the unit Dirac function, is considered, and the outside radius of the cylinder is assumed to be xed u 1 , t = 0 . To draw the graphs, a nondimensional time = vt / r is considered, t where v = E 1 / 1 + 1 2 is the dilatational-wave velocity. Figures 1 and 2 show the wave fronts of displacement and temperature. As a second example, a mechanical shock wave of the form u 1 , t = 1012u t is applied to the outside surface of the cylinder, where the surface is assumed to be at zero temperature T 1 , t = 0 and u = ro T is an assumed initial displacement. Figures 3 and 4 show the wave fronts for the displacement and temperature distributions along the radial direction. The convergence of the solutions for these examples is achieved by consideration of 1200 eigenvalues used for the H-Fourier expansion. More than this number of eigenvalues result in the increased round-off and

T p r,t =
n=1

G7n t J0 + G9n t Y 0 + r2G12n t

nr

nr

+ G8n t rJ1

nr nr

Table 1 Material properties of aluminum

+ G10n t rY 1 t

+ rG11n t

Material properties of aluminium E = 70 GPa = 0.3 = 23 106 1 / K = 2707 kg/ m3 K = 204 W / m K c = 903 J / kg K

Substituting Eq. 36 in Eqs. 4 and 5 , eight equations are obtained, where using the four boundary conditions Eq. 6 , 12 functions G1n t G12n t are obtained for the hollow cylinder. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology

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Table 2 Eigenvalues for fty roots Root number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 9.88 2.10 3.20 4.30 5.40 6.50 7.60 8.70 9.80 1.09 1.20 1.31 1.42 1.53 1.64 1.75 1.86 1.97 2.08 2.19 2.30 2.41 2.52 2.63 2.74 2.85 2.96 3.07 3.18 3.29 3.40 3.51 3.62 3.73 3.84 3.95 4.06 4.17 4.28 4.39 4.50 4.61 4.72 4.83 4.94 5.05 5.16 5.27 5.38 5.49
n n1 01 n2 n3 +003i

10 10+00 10+00 10+00 10+00 10+00 10+00 10+00 10+00 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01 10+01

1.02 4.60 1.07 1.93 3.04 4.40 6.02 7.89 1.00 1.24 1.50 1.79 2.10 2.44 2.80 3.19 3.60 4.04 4.51 5.00 5.51 6.05 6.62 7.21 7.82 8.46 9.13 9.82 1.05 1.13 1.20 1.28 1.37 1.45 1.54 1.63 1.72 1.81 1.91 2.01 2.11 2.21 2.32 2.43 2.54 2.66 2.77 2.89 3.02 3.14

10 1005 1004 1004 1004 1004 1004 1004 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002 1002

05

49.2889 223.0715 517.7543 934.9049 1.4744 2.1363 2.9206 3.8273 4.8563 6.0078 7.2815 8.6777 10.1963 11.8372 13.6005 15.4861 17.4942 19.6246 21.8774 24.2526 26.7501 29.3701 32.1124 34.9770 37.9641 41.0735 44.3053 47.6595 51.1360 54.7350 58.4563 62.3000 66.2660 70.3545 74.5653 78.8985 83.3540 87.9320 92.6323 97.4550 102.4000 107.4675 112.6573 117.9695 123.4040 128.9610 134.6403 140.4420 146.3661 152.4125

10 + 5.7338 10 10009 + 12.1963 10+003i 10009 + 18.5802 10+003i 10009 + 24.9668 10+003i 10006 + 31.3536 10+003i 10006 + 37.7403 10+003i 10006 + 44.1272 10+003i 10006 + 50.5140 10+003i 10006 + 56.9008 10+003i 10006 + 63.2876 10+003i 10006 + 69.6744 10+003i 10006 + 76.0613 10+003i 10006 + 82.4481 10+003i 10006 + 88.8349 10+003i 10006 + 95.2217 10+003i 10006 + 101.6086 10+003i 10006 + 107.9954 10+003i 10006 + 114.3822 10+003i 10006 + 120.7690 10+003i 10006 + 127.1559 10+003i 10006 + 133.5427 10+003i 10006 + 139.9295 10+003i 10006 + 146.3163 10+003i 10006 + 152.7032 10+003i 10006 + 159.0900 10+003i 10006 + 165.4768 10+003i 10006 + 171.8636 10+003i 10006 + 178.2505 10+003i 10006 + 184.6373 10+003i 10006 + 191.0241 10+003i 10006 + 197.4109 10+003i 10006 + 203.7978 10+003i 10006 + 210.1846 10+003i 10006 + 216.5714 10+003i 10006 + 222.9582 10+003i 10006 + 229.3451 10+003i 10006 + 235.7319 10+003i 10006 + 242.1187 10+003i 10006 + 248.5055 10+003i 10006 + 254.8924 10+003i 10006 + 261.2792 10+003i 10006 + 267.6660 10+003i 10006 + 274.0528 10+003i 10006 + 280.4397 10+003i 10006 + 286.8265 10+003i 10006 + 293.2133 10+003i 10006 + 299.6001 10+003i 10006 + 305.9869 10+003i 10006 + 312.3738 10+003i 10006 + 318.7606 10+003i

009

49.2889 223.0715 517.7543 934.9049 1.4744 2.1363 2.9206 3.8273 4.8563 6.0078 7.2815 8.6777 10.1963 11.8372 13.6005 15.4861 17.4942 19.6246 21.8774 24.2526 26.7501 29.3701 32.1124 34.9770 37.9641 41.0735 44.3053 47.6595 51.1360 54.7350 58.4563 62.3000 66.2660 70.3545 74.5653 78.8985 83.3540 87.9320 92.6323 97.4550 102.4000 107.4675 112.6573 117.9695 123.4040 128.9610 134.6403 140.4420 146.3661 152.4125

10 5.7338 10+003i 009 10 12.1963 10+003i 10009 18.5802 10+003i 10009 24.9668 10+003i 10006 31.3536 10+003i 10006 37.7403 10+003i 10006 44.1272 10+003i 10006 50.5140 10+003i 10006 56.9008 10+003i 10006 63.2876 10+003i 10006 69.6744 10+003i 10006 76.0613 10+003i 10006 82.4481 10+003i 10006 88.8349 10+003i 10006 95.2217 10+003i 10006 101.6086 10+003i 10006 107.9954 10+003i 10006 114.3822 10+003i 10006 120.7690 10+003i 10006 127.1559 10+003i 10006 133.5427 10+003i 10006 139.9295 10+003i 10006 146.3163 10+003i 10006 152.7032 10+003i 10006 159.0900 10+003i 10006 165.4768 10+003i 10006 171.8636 10+003i 10006 178.2505 10+003i 10006 184.6373 10+003i 10006 191.0241 10+003i 10006 197.4109 10+003i 10006 203.7978 10+003i 10006 210.1846 10+003i 10006 216.5714 10+003i 10006 222.9582 10+003i 10006 229.3451 10+003i 10006 235.7319 10+003i 10006 242.1187 10+003i 10006 248.5055 10+003i 10006 254.8924 10+003i 10006 261.2792 10+003i 10006 267.6660 10+003i 10006 274.0528 10+003i 10006 280.4397 10+003i 10006 286.8265 10+003i 10006 293.2133 10+003i 10006 299.6001 10+003i 10006 305.9869 10+003i 10006 312.3738 10+003i 10006 318.7606 10+003i

009

truncation errors, which affect the quality of the graphs. The convergence of solution is faster for displacement in comparison with the temperature. The small oscillations in Figs. 2 and 4 are due to the convergence of solutions. Now, consider a periodic temperature shock at the outside surface in the form T 1 , t = T sin , with u 1 , t = 0. Figures 58 t show the penetration waves along the radius of the cylinder. The convergence of solution for this example is faster than the previous examples, where 500 eigenvalues are used for the H-Fourier expansion.

Conclusion

In this paper, an analytical solution for the coupled thermoelasticity of thick cylinders under radial temperature or mechanical shock load is presented. The method is based on the eigenfunction 051204-6 / Vol. 133, OCTOBER 2011

Fourier expansion, which is a classical and traditional method of solution for the typical initial and boundary value problems. The strength of this method is its ability to reveal the fundamental mathematical and physical properties and the interpretations of the problem under study. In the coupled thermoelastic problem of the radial-symmetric cylinder, the governing equations are a system of partial differential equations with two independent variables, the radius r and the time t . The traditional procedure to solve this class of problems is to eliminate the time variable by using the Laplace transform. The resulting system is a set of ordinary differential equations in terms of the radius variable, which falls into the Bessel function family. This method of analysis brings the Laplace parameter s in the argument of the Bessel functions, causing hardship or complications in carrying out the exact inverse of the Transactions of the ASME

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Fig. 1 Nondimensional displacement distribution due to input T1 , t = 103T t at nondimensional time t = 0.4

Fig. 4 Nondimensional temperature distribution due to input u1 , t = 1012u t at nondimensional time t = 0.4

Laplace transformation. As a result, the numerical inverse of the Laplase transformation is used in the papers dealing with this type of problems in literature. In the present paper, to prevent this problem, when the Laplace transform is applied to the particular solutions, it is postponed after eliminating the radius variable r by the H-Fourier expansion. Thus, the Laplace parameter s appears in polynomial function forms, and hence the exact Laplace inversion transformations are possible.

The method described in this paper is an exact solution of the coupled thermoelasticity of thick cylinders with two given boundary conditions. The exact solutions found in literature for the coupled thermoelasticity problems are limited to the innite spaces and half-spaces. The analytical method of solution presented in this paper is for a nite domain with specied and given boundary conditions. This is the novelty of the paper, where the solution of a popular structural component a thick cylinder with

Fig. 2 Nondimensional temperature distribution due to input T1 , t = 103T t at nondimensional time t = 0.4

Fig. 5 Nondimensional temperature distribution due to input T1 , t = T sin t at nondimensional time t = 0.3

Fig. 3 Nondimensional displacement distribution due to input u1 , t = 1012u t at nondimensional time t = 0.4

Fig. 6 Nondimensional temperature distribution due to input T1 , t = T sin t at nondimensional time t = 0.6

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology

OCTOBER 2011, Vol. 133 / 051204-7

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Fig. 7 Nondimensional displacement distribution due to input T1 , t = T sin t at nondimensional time t = 0.3

Fig. 8 Nondimensional displacement distribution due to input T1 , t = T sin t at nondimensional time t = 0.6

two specied boundary conditions under the coupled thermoelastic assumption is given analytically and in terms of the series solution.

d13 =
0

3d4d35r2dr
1

Appendix A
See the following parameters: d1 = 1+ 1 d15 = d2 = 1+ 12 E 1 c d3 = k d4 = E k 12 + d16 = J1
1 2 1 2 1 2

d14 =
0

d3d35r3dr
4

d 2d 3

3 n

+ J1
1 2

1 2

5 nJ 1

1 2

3 nJ 2

d3

3 nJ 2 3 nJ 2 4 n

2 n d2 n n

nJ 2

3 n d 2 nd 3 n

nd 4d 1 2 nd 3

/ J1

d 2 3d 3 n

4 n

+1 / d 2 3d 3 n

n 4 n

d2

2 2 n n

+ d 2 3d 3 + n

2 nd 4 nd 1

d17 = J1

1 2

5 nJ 1

d5 =

1+ 12 E 1 d6 =
1

d18 =

2 nd 4 nd 1

d19 = d8 d15 + d16

2
n

1 k

d20 = d10 d15 + d16

2
n

d7 =
0

F r d34rdr d21 = C21J1

1 nr

+ C22 J0 C22J2

nr

1 C22J1 r

nr

d8 =
0 1

3d34rdr

d22 = C21r J2

nr

nr nr nr

+ C22 r J1

nr

d23 = C23J0 2d1d34r2dr d24 = C23r J1

d9 =
0

d25 = C21r2 + 2C22r d2d34r3dr d26 = C23r2 d27 = C41J0

nr nr

d10 =
0 1

C42 J1 + C42 r J0

nr nr

d11 =
0

Q r d35rdr
1

d28 = C41r J1

d29 = C41r2 + 2C42r 4d35rdr d30 = d5d7d16 Transactions of the ASME

d12 =
0

051204-8 / Vol. 133, OCTOBER 2011

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d31 = d5d7d15

1
n

d5d7d16

12 =

C11 J1 + +
1J 2 4r iJ 1

nr i

+ +

1r iJ 2

nr i

+ C12

nJ 0

nr i

1 J1 ri

nr i

d32 = d6d11d17 d33 = d6d11d18 d34 = d15J1 d35 = d17J0

2= nr nr

nr i

1r i nJ 1

nr i

2 1J 2

nr i

+ C13

3J 0

nr i

nr i

+ d16rJ2 + d18rJ1 +
n 2

nr nr

13 =

C11Y 1

nr i

+ C12

nY 0

nr i

1 Y1 ri

nr i

+ C13 2Y 0 1 Y1 ri

nr i

2 n

d2

14 =

C11 Y 1 +
1Y 2

nr i

+ +
nr i

1r iY 2

nr i

+ C12

nY 0

nr i

nr i

d1
2

nr i 3Y 0

1r i nY 1

nr i

2 1Y 2

nr i

2 2d 2
2 nd 1 1

+ C13
21 =

4r iY 1

nr i

1 2 n

d4

2 n

+ d3

C21J1

nr

+ C22

nJ 0

nr

1 J1 r

nr

+ C23 2J0 1 J1 r

nr

18

22 =

C21 J1 +
1J 2

nr

+ +
nr

1r

J2
nJ 1 4r

nr

+ C22
nr nr

nJ 0

nr

nr

=
7

1 18

nr 3J 0

1r

2 1J 2

nr

= =

17

+ C13
23 =

J1

16

C21Y 1

nr

+ C22

nY 0

nr

1 16 24 =

1 Y1 r

nr

+ C23 2Y 0 1 Y1 r

nr

10 = 2 11 = 3 18 12 = 4 18 13 = 14 =

C21 Y 1 +
1Y 2

nr

+ +
nr

1r

Y2
nY 1 4r

nr

+ C22
nr nr

nY 0

nr

nr

nr 3Y 0

1r

2 1Y 2

nr

+ C13

Y1
nr i 4r iJ 1

2 17

31 = 32 =

C31 2J0
nr i

C32
nr i nr i

2 nJ 1

nr i 3 nJ 1 nr i nr i 3 nY 1 nr i nr 3 nJ 1 nr nr 3 nY 1 nr nr nr nr i nr i

3 16

C31 +

3J 0

+ C32
4J 1

15 = 4 16

4J 1

nr i

4r i nJ 0 nr i 4r iY 1

16 = 31 32

33 32

43 42 22 13 12

21

22 11 12 32 =

31 =

C31 2Y 0
nr i

C32
nr i nr i

2 nY 1

41 42

C31 +

3Y 0

+ C32
4Y 1

23 22 14 12 32 =

4Y 1

nr i

4r i nY 0 nr 4r

34 32

33 32

43 42 22 13 12

24

31 =

C31 2J0
nr

C32
nr nr

2 nJ 1

44 42

C31 +

3J 0 nr

+
4r

J1

+ C32
4J 1

23

4J 1

nJ 0 nr 4r

31 = 21 17 = 22 11 12 23 22 13 12 24 22 14 12 16 23 22 13 12 32 =

C31 2Y 0
nr

C32
nr nr

2 nY 1

C31 +

3Y 0 nr

+
4r

Y1

+ C32
4Y 1

4Y 1

nY 0

Appendix B: Mechanical Boundary Conditions

For mechanical boundary conditions, four options are available: known radial displacement, known radial stress, and a combination of them. + C13 2J0
nr i

18 =

11 12

13 12

17

14 16 12

11 =

C11J1

nr i

+ C12

nJ 0

nr i

1 J1 ri

nr i

1 Radial displacements at inner and outer surfaces are known as OCTOBER 2011, Vol. 133 / 051204-9

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology

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u ri,t = f 1 t u ro,t = f 2 t In this case, we have C11 = 1, C12 = 0, C21 = 1, and C22 = 0. For xed surfaces, it is enough to consider f 1 t and f 2 t equal to zero. 2 When radial stress at inner and outer surfaces are known, by the help of Eqs. 1 and 2 , we can write
rr

ri,t =

1+

E 12

u,r +

1 u ri

E T ri,t = f 1 t 12 E 12 1 u,r + 1 u ro

rr

ro,t =

1+

E T ro,t = f 2 t 12
E

In this case, we have C11 = =

E

1+

12

, C12 =

E 1

1+

12

, C21

1+

12

, and C22 =

E 1

1+

12

For traction free, it is enough to consider f 1 t and f 2 t equal to zero. The third and fourth mechanical boundary conditions are the combination of above mentioned rst and second boundary conditions.

Appendix C: Thermal Boundary Conditions

For thermal boundary conditions, six options are available: specied temperature, heat ux, and convection. 1 Temperatures at inner and outer surfaces are known as T ri,t = f 1 t T ro,t = f 2 t In this case, we have C11 = 1, C12 = 0, C21 = 1, and C22 = 0. 2 Heat uxes at inner and outer surfaces are known as T,r ri,t = f 1 t T,r ro,t = f 2 t In this case, we have C31 = k, C32 = 0, C41 = k, and C42 = 0, where k is the thermal conduction coefcient. For an insulated surface, it is enough to consider f 1 t and f 2 t equal to zero. 3 Convections at inner and outer surfaces are known as hiT ri,t + kT,r ri,t = f 3 t hiT ro,t + kT,r ro,t = f 4 t In this case, we have C31 = hi, C32 = k, C41 = ho, and C42 = k, where hi and ho are the thermal convection coefcients at inner and outer surfaces of the cylinder, respectively. The fourth to sixth cases for thermal boundary conditions are combinations of the above-mentioned rst to third boundary conditions.

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