MATERIALS-STUDBOLTS ASTM A193 ASTM A193 specification covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting material for

pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels and austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high temperature characteristics. Material according to ASTM A193 B7 is often available in national coarse (UNC) thread pitches, if being used in traditional applications, threads are specified 8 threads per inch (tpi) for diameters above one inch. Below is a summary of a few of the common grades. High temperature service ASTM A193 B5 ASTM A193 B6 ASTM A193 B7 Alloy steel, AISI 4140/4142 quenched and tempered ASTM A193 B7M ASTM A193 B16 ASTM A193 B8 Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated. ASTM A193 B8A ASTM A193 B8M Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated. ASTM A193 B8MA ASTM A193 B8cl2 Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated, strain hardened ASTM A193 B8Tcl2 ASTM A193 B8Mcl2 Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated, strain hardened

ASTM A193 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

MATERIALS- HEX NUTS ASTM A194 ASTM A194 specification covers a variety of carbon, alloy, and martensitic and austenitic stainless steel nuts. These nuts are intended for high-pressure or hightemperature service, or both. Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hotwrought. According to ASTM A194 the material may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed. Hardness tests, proof of load tests, and cone proof load tests shall be made to all nuts to meet the requirements specified. ASTM A194 stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. ASTM A194 covers size range ? through 4 in. and metric M6 through M100 nominal. It also covers austenitic stainless steel nuts in the size range ? in. and M6 nominal and above. Unless otherwise specified, the American National Standard Heavy Hex Series (ANSI B 18.2.2) shall be used. Nuts up to and including 1 inch nominal size shall be UNC Series Class2B fit. Nuts over 1 inch nominal size shall be either UNC Series Class 2B fit or 8 UN Series Class 2B fit. High strength ASTM A194 grade 2H nuts are common in the marketplace. High /Low temperature service ASTM A194 2H Quenched & tempered carbon steel heavy hex nuts ASTM A194 2HM Quenched & tempered carbon steel heavy hex nuts ASTM A194 4 Quenched & tempered carbon-molybdenum heavy hex nuts ASTM A194 3 ASTM A194 6 ASTM A194 7 Quenched & tempered alloy steel heavy hex nuts ASTM A194 7M Quenched & tempered alloy steel heavy hex nuts ASTM A194 8 Stainless AISI 304 heavy hex nuts ASTM A194 8A ASTM A194 8M Stainless AISI 316 heavy hex nuts ASTM A194 8MA ASTM A194 8C ASTM A194 8T

MATERIALS-STUDBOLTS ASTM A320 ASTM A320 specification covers alloy steel bolting materials for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. Each alloy shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition requirements. The material, as represented by the tension specimens, shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness. The material shall meet the prescribed impact energy absorption requirements and the recommended test temperature. According to ASTM A320 mechanical tests shall be conducted on the material, namely: impact testing, tension testing, and hardness testing. Inside ASTM A320 several grades are covered, including both ferritic and austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and low-temperature characteristics The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. Like the ASTM A193 specification, unless otherwise specified, the 8UN thread series is specified on fastener larger than 1? in diameter. Low temperature service ASTM A320 L7 Alloy steel, AISI 4140/4142 Quenched and tempered ASTM A320 L7M ASTM A320 L43 Alloy steel, AISI 4340 Quenched and tempered ASTM A320 B8 Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated ASTM A320 B8A ASTM A320 B8T ASTM A320 B8TA ASTM A320 B8C ASTM A320 B8M Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated ASTM A320 B8MA ASTM A320 B8cl2 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated, strain hardened ASTM A320 B8Mcl2 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated, strain hardened

MATERIALS-STUDBOLTS/HEX NUTS ASTM A182 ASTM A182 specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, and valves and parts for high-temperature service for use in pressure systems. Included are similar parts to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME specifications that are referenced in Section Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are

included in this specification. Selection will depend upon design and service requirements. In ASTM A182 the values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification Duplex/Super duplex ASTM A182 F51 solution thread and quench ASTM A182 F44 solution thread and quench ASTM A182 F53 solution thread and quench ASTM A182 F55 solution thread and quench

MATERIALS-STUDBOLTS/NUTS ASTM A453 ASTM A453 specification covers standards for Grade 660 (Class A, B, C, and D) , Grade 651 (Class A and B), Grade 662 (Class A and B), and Grade 665 (Class A and B) of bolting materials,with ten classes of yield strength ranging from 50 to 120 ksi [345 to 827 MPa], for use in high-temperature service such as fasteners, for pressure vessels and valve flanges. Bolting materials in ASTM A453 are covered rolled, forged, or hot-extruded bars, and also bolts, nuts, screws, washers, studs, and stud bolts. Materials shall adhere to specified contents of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, columbium, aluminum, vanadium, boron, and copper.According to ASTM A453 materials shall be subjected to tension, stress-rupture, and hardness tests. Materials shall conform to yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, reduction of area, Brinell hardness, and Rockwell hardness requirements. Hardening and solution treatment requirements for each material class are also given. High Temperature Resistant alloy ASTM A453 660A ASTM A453 660B ASTM A453 660C ASTM A453 660D

ASTM MATERIAL SUMMARY FOR BOLTS American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Alloy Steel Bolt Materials Specifications: ASTM A307 Grade B7-Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (with excellent tensile strength characteristics for general purpose bolted joints and flanged connections.) ASTM A193 Grade B7M-Reduced tensile strength, hardness controlled to 235 Brinell max.( High strength alloy quenched and tempered material with excellent tensile strength characteristics for general purpose bolted joints and flanged connections.) ASTM A193 Grade B16-vanadium Steel (with excellent tensile strength characteristics for higher temperature bolted joints and flanged connections.) ASTM A320 Grade L7-Designed for low temperature applications ASTM A320 Grade L7M-Reduced tensile strength, hardness controlled to 235 Brinell max. ASTM A193 Grade B8-Chromium-Nickel austnitic steel- 304 Stainless(with excellent tensile strength characteristics for extreme temperature and corrosive applications) ASTM A193 Grade B8M- Chromium-Nickel Molybdenum austnitic steel- 316 Stainless (Stainless Steel with excellent tensile strength characteristics for extreme temperature and corrosive applications.)

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Alloy & Carbon Steel Nut Materials Specifications: ASTM A194 Grade A- Low Carbon, Non-Heat Treat, Heavy Pattern ASTM A194 Grade C- Recommended use with A325 Structural Bolts, Lock Nut Spec. ASTM A194 Grade GT- Automation Flange Lock Nut, C1022-1045 SteelGrade 2- Low Carbon, Non- Heat Treat, Finished Pattern ASTM A194 Grade 2H-Recommended use with A325 Structural Bolts, High Pressure & High Temp. ASTM A194 Grade 2HM-Grade 5ASTM A194 Grade DH- Recommended use with A490 Type 1 Structural Bolts ASTM Grade DH3- Recommended use with A490 Type 3 Structural BoltsGrade 8ASTM A194 Grade F- Large Flange Nut, AISI 1008-1035 steel ASTM A194 Grade 4ASTM A194 Grade L7-ASTM A194 Grade L7M-Stainless SteelASTM A194 Grade 8-Series Stainless Steel, Heavy Pattern ASTM A194 Grade 8M- 316 Series Stainless Steel, Heavy Pattern