Pharmaceutical Management for Micronutrients and Anemia-Reduction Medicines

SupplySide Considerations
Academy for Educational Development
A2Z/India: Suneel Muttoo, Prakash Kotecha, Sumitro Roy; A2Z/Uganda: Alfred Boyo, Milly Namaalwa A2Z/USA: Linda Tawfik, Tina Sanghvi, Zo Rambeloson, Vernica Lee

& Management Sciences for Health

Vim Dias, Grace Adeya, Helena Walkowiak, Abaasi Kabogo

Sumitro Roy, Alive & Thrive

Asia Regional Meeting 3 May 2012, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Presentation Outline

Intervention Site- Uganda & India Problem Aims Methods Results Global and Country-level Implications

THE PROBLEM INDIA, JHARKHAND STATE

Estimated rural population1 Any anemia in pregnant women2 Any ante-natal care (ANC) checkup2 3 or more ANC checkups2 Received or purchased IFA2 Prenatal IFA supplementation consumed for 90+ days2 24 million 70%

55 % 28% 46% 11%

Sources: 1Registrar General of India, Dec., 2006 2NFHS 2005-06, Jharkhand State Report, May 2008

THE PROBLEM: UGANDA

Population1 Anemia in pregnant women2 Any ANC checkup2 2-3 ANC checkups2 4+ ANC checkups2 Prenatal iron supplementation consumed for 90+ days2
Source:
1

28.5 million
64% 94.5% 41.7% 47.2%

0.70%

Uganda Bureau of Statistics; 2UDHS 2006

The Problem: % of Women Reporting Difficulty in IFA Supply Availability versus Access or Cost of IFA
1 00

80

% Women with infants <6 months

60

53 41 37 31 4

40

25
20

25

25

0 Supply A ccess Co st Supply A ccess Co st Supply A ccess Uganda Co st

Uttar P radesh, India

Jharkhand, India

Supply: Tablets not available/stockout

Access: Site too far away/no transport

Cost: Too expensive

Aims
Improve program impact Transfer knowledge and develop toolkit

Methods Selected large-scale A2Z program sites in India, Uganda, and Cambodia Determined conceptual framework Collaborated with stakeholders and engaged international pharmaceutical experts to conduct assessment Selected interventions by analyzing options

Implemented interventions
Monitored and evaluated results

Determine Framework & Conduct Assessments

Pharmaceutical Management Cycle

Selection

Poor IFA quality, use of mebendazole vs albendazole

Use

Management Support

Procurement

Providers know protocols but counseling is absent

Distribution Policy and Legal Framework

Poor forecasting skills, inaccurate target population denominators, no buffer stocks

No standard schedules, low priority of anemiareduction products

Select Interventions
India/Jharkhand State Advocate National, State, District levels Change to a Demand-Based System Estimate needs based on population Develop Systems & Procedures Procurement, forecasting, inventory control, distribution, HMIS, appropriate use Build Capacity Train service providers (quantification, counseling, and HMIS use) Develop job aids Monitor stocks at all levels Uganda/12 Districts Advocate National & District levels Build Capacity Train service providers in 12 districts (quantification, counseling, and HMIS use) Develop job aids Develop National Guidelines and Tools for Anemia Reduction Village Health Teams Manual, Supplies Monitoring Checklist Monitor stocks at all levels

Results: India and Uganda

India/Jharkhand State State procurement of IFA increased 8 fold from 2005/6 - 2008/9 Deworming medicine selected and procurement increased State level MOH logistics staff increased Number of service providers trained in supplies management and counseling increased Stock outs of IFA and deworming medicines at district and health subcenter levels decreased Uganda/12 Districts National Medical Stores committed to stock combined IFA (at national level) Number of service providers trained in supplies management and counseling increased Days of stock out for ferrous sulphate (200mg) and folic acid (500 micro g) reduced Days of stock out for deworming medicines (albendazole or mebendazole) reduced

Results:

Trend in IFA Procurement (L) Jharkhand State, India 2005/06-2008/09

Micronutrient Drug Procurement IFA (L): Jharkhand

300000000 250000000 200000000

Tablets

281 million

150000000 100000000 63631800 50000000 0 2005-06 2006-07 Financial Year 2007-08 2008-09 35 million 22500000

Results: Trends in procurement of Mebendazole & Albendazole Jharkhand State, India 2005/06 - 2008/09
Trend in Procurement of MEBENDAZOLE, Jharkhand 2005/06-2008/09
3,000,000 2,500,000

Trend in Procurement of ALBENDAZOLE, Jharkhand 2005/06-2008/09 7,599,100

2,850,000
8,000,000

Tablets procured

Tablets procured

2,000,000
2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000

7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000

460,000
500,000

0
0 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Financial Year

0
2005-06

0
2006-07 2007-08

276,000
2008-09

0
Financial Year

Results: IFA Stock Outs, % of Year Health Sub-center & Dumka District Warehouse Jharkhand State, India, 2007-08 and 2008-09

Results: Deworming Medicines Stock Outs, % of Year Health Sub-centers, Dumka District Jharkhand State, India, 2007-08 to 2008-09

Results: IFA, Ferrous, Folic Acid, Albendazole, Mebendazole, Stock Outs, % of Year, Uganda, 2007 and 2008
% of Days of Stock Out per Year Uganda-6 Districts
% of days of stock out
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% IFA Ferrous sulphate Folic Acid (5 mg) (200mg) 2007 2008 Albendazole Mebendazole 51% 53% 66% 43% 58% 40% 30% 24% 18% 10%

Conclusion

Selection of quality IFA tabsComposition & packaging Estimate based on population- Accuracy of denominators Advocacy at National, Divisional, and District level to prioritize procurement & supply of anemia reduction products Strengthen systems & procedures- Forecasting, procurement, inventory control, distribution, HIMS at all levels Build the capacity of staff at all levels Monitor stock at all levels of supply & distributionAssess status of stock out

Conclusions: Global and Country Implications

A systematic strategy can lead to improved availability of anemiareduction products at service delivery points within one year The strategy includes stakeholder collaboration, assessments, options

analysis, interventions, monitoring and evaluation

Scaling-up the supply side of proven interventions is key to sustainable reductions in morbidity and mortality from micronutrient deficiencies

Strengthening pharmaceutical management systems requires investment and a long-term sustainability strategy

Thank You

A2Zthe USAID Micronutrient and Child Blindness Projectis managed by the Academy for Educational Development (AED) and funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Health, Infectious Disease and Nutrition (HIDN) Office of the Bureau of Global Health, Cooperative Agreement, Leadership with Associate Awards, GHS-A-00-05-00012-00. The information provided does not represent the views or positions of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the U.S. Government.