SECTION:

A PaperIPHYSICALGEOLOGY,CRYSTALLOGRAPHYANDMINERALOGY PHYSICAL GEOLOGY: General aspects, Definition of Geology Basic assumptions of Geology. Its relationshipwithothersciencesBranchesofGeologyAimandApplicationofGeology.Earthasa planet:Itsshape,size,densitymovementsandtheireffects. Geological processes: Exogenic and Endogenic; Definition of weathering types of weathering of rocks physical and chemical; definition of erosion and denudation; cycle of erosion; Erosion, transportationanddeposition;Agentsoferosion. Rivers: Erosion, transportation and deposition of river (fluvial) cycle in different stages development of typical landforms by river erosion and deposition V shaped valley. Waterfall, alluvialfans,meander,oxbowlake,floodplain,naturalleeves,peneplainanddelta.Typesofrivers. Glaciers:Definitionofglaciertypesofglaciersdevelopmentoftypicallandformsofglacialerosion anddepositionCirque,shapedvalleyHangingvalley,Rochesmoutennes.Moraines,drumlins, kame,eskersandvarves,characteristicfeaturesofglaciatedregions. Ground water: Storage of ground water porosity, permeability, aquifer; water table zone of saturation, artesian well, spring and geysers; development of typical and forms by erosion and depositionbygroundwater(Karsttopography)sinkhole,caverns,stalactitesandstalagmites.seacliff, seacave,spit,barmarinedepositscoralreefs,lakesoriginoflakes,importanceoflakes,lauchstring deposits. Wind:Developmentofcharacteristicfeaturesbywinds(aridcycle)erosionanddepositionpedestal rock,mushroomtopography,inselberg,ventifactsloessanddunes. Earthquakes:Causes,kindsofearthquakewaves,modeofpropagation,intensityofearthquakes, Scale,seismographandRichter'sseismogram.Effectsofearthquakes,earthquakezones. Interiorofearth:StructureandconstitutionofVolcanoesPartsofatypicalvolcano,productsof volcanoes,originofvolcanoes. Mountains:Types,causesofmountainbuilding;geosynclines,Basicconceptsofisostasy,continental driftandplatetectonics. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Definitionofacrystalamorphousandcrystallinestates;morphologyofcrystalsface,edge,solid angle,interfacialangle Forms:Simple,combination,closedandopenforms. Symmetry:Plane,axis,andcenter.Crystallographicaxes,parameters,indices;Crystallographic NotationparametersystemWeiss,indexsystemofMiller. Classificationofcrystalsinto7systems. Morophologicalstudyofthefollowingclassesofsymmetry. I.CubicsystemNormal(GalenaType) II.TetragonalSystemZirconType III.HexagonalSystemBerylType IV.TrigonalSystemCalciteType V.OrthorhombicsystemBarytestype. VI.MonoclinicsystemGypsumtype VII.TriclinicsystemAxinitetype. Twinningincrystals:Definitionoftwin,twinplane,twinaxisandCompositeplane. MINERALOGY: Definition of a mineral classification of minerals into rock forming and ore forming minerals.Physical properties of minerals colour, streak, play of colours, Opalescence, asterism, transparency, lustre, luminiscence, flourescene; form, hardness, tenacity, cleavage parting, fracture; sp.ravity;magneticproperties,electricalpropertiespyroandpiezoelectricity. Modesofmineralformation;occurrenceandassociationofminerals.Chemicalpropertiesofminerals isomorphism solid solution, polymorphism allotrophy, pseudomorphism, radioactivity, silicate structure. Descriptive Mineralogy study of physical properties, chemical properties and mode of

SVURPGCET2012: SYLLABUS Test17: GEOLOGY

occurrence of the following mineral groups. Nesosilicate Olivine & garnet, Aluminium Silicates, SorosilicateEpidote, CyclosilicateBeryl, Inosilicate Pyroxene, Amphibole Phyllosilicate, Mica and Hydrousmagnesiumsilicates;TectosilicateFeldspars,feldspathoid,andMiscellaneousstaurolite, TourmalinZircon,Calcite,Corundum,apatite. OPTICALMINERALOGY:Opticalpropertiesofminerals.Isotropicandanistropicsubstances;polarised light,refractiveindex,totalreflection,doublerefraction,uniaxialandbiaxialminerals;Nicolprismand its construction, concept of crossed nicols Petrological microscope (Polarizing) its mechanical and optical parts behaviour of isotropic and anisotropic minerals between crossed nicols extinction, pleochroism,interferencecolours.Opticalpropertiesofimportantminerals. SECTION:B PaperIIPETROLOGYANDSTRUCTURALGEOLOGY PETROLOGY Nature andscope of petrology definition of rock; Classification of rocks into igneous, Sedimentary andmetamorphic;distinguishingfeaturesofthethreetypesofrocks Igneous Rocks: Classification into plutonic, hypabyssal and volcanic rocks; forms Lava Flows, intrusionssills,Laccolith,lopolith,dykes,ringdykes,conesheets,volcanicnecks,phacolith,batholith StructuresVesicular,amygdaloidal,blocklavaandropylava,pillow,flow,jointing,sheeting,plates, columnar, prismatic. Textures definition of textures, microstructures, devitrification, allotriomorphic, hypidiomorphic, pan idiomorphic, ophitic, intergranular, intersertal, trachytic, graphic, micrographic. Reaction structuresCoronas, Myrmekite, Orbicular, Spherulitic, perilitic. Classification of igneous rocksCIPW and Tyrrel tabular classifications and constitution of magma, crystallization of magma, unicomponent, binary system with eutectic, solid solutions;Origin of igneous rocks;Bowen`sreactionprinciple; differentiationandassimilationDescriptivestudyofthefollowing igneousrocksgranite,granodiorite,syenite,nephelinesyenite,diorite,porphyry,pegmatite,aplite, gabbro, anorthosite, peridotite, Pyroxenite, dunite, dolerite, rhyolite, obsidian, pumice, trachyte, andesite,basalt. Sedimentary Rocks: Sources of Sediments Mechanical and chemical weathering, modes; of transportation,sedimentaryenvironments. Definitionsofdiagenesis:lithificationandcementation,stratification. Sedimentary structures: types of bedding, surface marks deformed bedding, solution structures. Classification of sedimentary rocks clastic rudaceous, arenaceous, argillaceous, nonclastic calcareous, carbonaceous, ferruginous, phosphatic, evaporites.Descriptive study of the following sedimentary rocks conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, grit, arkose, greywacke, Shale, limestone, shellylimestone. MetamorphicRocks:Definitionofmetamorphism,agentsofmetamorphism,typesofmetamorphism, grades and zones of metamorphism. Metamorphic minerals stress and anti stress minerals Structuresofmetamorhicrockscataclastic,maculose,schistosegranuloseandgneissoseTexturesof metamorphic rocks Crystalloblastic, palimpsest, xenoblastic, idioblastic.Classification of metamorphic rocks concept of metamorphic facies. Cataclastic metamorphism of argillaceous and arenaceous rocks Thermal metamorphism argillaceous, arenaceous and calcareous (limestones) rocks.Dynamothermalmetamorphismofargillaceous,arenaceousandbasicigneousrocks.Plutonic metamorphism, metasomatism and additive processes Definition of anatexis and palingenesis DescriptivestudyofthefollowingmetamorphicrocksgneissSchist,Slate,phyllite,quarzite,marble, granulite,eclogite,amphibolite,migmatite.Indianrockskhondalite,charnockite,gondite.

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY:Definition of structural geology, aims and Objectives of the structural geology; Importance of study of structures. Primary and secondary structures; outcrop, attitude of bellstrike, dip, apparent dip; use of clinometer. Primary structures as markers, Folds description, geometric classification of folds, recognition of folds in the field. Jointsgeometrical and genetic classificationofjoints.FaultsGeometricalandgeneticclassificationoffaults,recognitionoffaultsin thefieldeffectsoffaultsontheoutcrops. Unconformitiesdefinitionofunconformitytypesofunconformities,recognitionofunconformities inthefielddistinguishingthefaultsfromunconformities.Definitionofoverlap,offlap,outlier,inlier, cleavage,schistosity,foliationandlineation. SECTION:C PaperIIIPALAEONTOLOGY,INDIANGEOLOGYANDECONOMICGEOLOGY PALAEONTOLOGY: Definition of Palaeontology and fossils, conditions for preservation, modes of preservation, uses of fossils.Study of Taxonomy, classification, Morphology and Geological and geographical distribution of the following invertebrate fossils. Phylum Echinodermeta, Phylum Brachiopoda, Phylum Mollusca, Phylum Arthropoda,Monograptus, Calceola, Cidaris, Micraster, Spirifera, Products, Terebratula, Turritella, Pectin, Gryphea, Nautilus, Belemnites, Calymene, Paradoxides,Glossopteris,Gangamopteris,Ptyllophyllum. INDIANGEOLOGY:Definitionofstratigraphy;stratigraphicpriciples;definitionsofgeologictimescales; principles of correlation Physiographic sub division of India with their stratigraphic and structural characteristics,aBreifstudyoftypearea,distributioninIndia,lithology,fossilcontentandeconomic importanceofthefollowinggeologicalgroupsofIndiaDharwars,puranascuddapahs,Vindhyans, Kurnools,Gondwanas,Triassicofspiti,Jurassicofkutch,cretaceousofTrichy,Deccantrapsandtheir age,siwalikswithvertebratefossils. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY: Definition of Economic Geology, mineral resources and their peculiarities, ore,gangue,tenor,syngeneticdeposits,epigeneticdeposits,endogeneticandexogeneticdeposits. Classification of Mineral deposits Bateman's classification modified by Jenssen.Processes of formation of mineral deposits magmatic concentration, contact metasomatism, hydrothermal cavity fillings and replacement, sedimentation, residual and mechanical (placer) concentration, oxidation and supergene enrichment, metamorphism;Study of important ores their chemical compositionPhysicalpropertiesmodeofoccurrenece,distributioninIndia andusesofthefollowingmetalsGold,Copper,lead,Zinc,Aluminium,Iron,manganese,chromium, uraniumandthorium(radioactiveminerals) Chemical composition, Physical properties, mode of occurence and distribution in India Minerals requiredforthefollowingindustries. Refractories Abrasives Steel Cement Ceramic Insulators FuelsCoalandPetroleum,theirorigin,occurrenceanddistributioninIndia.Majormineralresources ofAndhraPradeshasbestos,barytes,coal,mica,clays,limestone,bauxite,petroleum,manganese, gemstones. oOo