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Biology Assignment Year 10 Blue 5/27/2012 Fuad Adebule

1. What is respiration? - The process of inhaling and exhaling; breathing. It is also called ventilation

2. Types and difference between the two types of respiration. - Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration Aerobic Anaerobic

Aerobic uses a lot of air and is often

cardiovascular. For example , like running.

Anaerobic is strength and does not

use a lot of air. For example , like lifting weights.

aerobic glycolysis produces pyruvate. Anaerobic glycolysis produces lactate

3. Why is it that when someone is in a race the person uses more energy than when the person is in a marathon? - An all out sprint, which requires a great deal of power output in a short period of time, uses the anaerobic system. The energy is quickly available, but the anaerobic pathways are not very efficient ; short term energy stores are rapidly depleted, lactic acid builds up, and exercise soon comes to a halt. After a brief rest, the system is recharged and ready for the next sprint.

Distance running, which requires a steady power output over a long period of time, uses the aerobic system. These pathways can't generate the speed of the anaerobic, but they do possess a great deal more efficiency and endurance. Depending upon the distance, and effort, the body can use different proportions of both of these systems. Those who have raced the 800 meter know it's too long to be a sprint, but too short to be distance. This is right at the cross-over between the aerobic and anaerobic systems. While running at a comfortable pace you use both systems, but the anaerobic: aerobic ratio is low enough that the lactate generated is easily removed, and doesn't build up. As the pace is increased, eventually a point is reached where the production of lactate, by the anaerobic system, is greater than its removal. The AT, also known as the lactate threshold, is the point where lactate (lactic acid) begins to accumulate in the bloodstream.

4. Why does a sprinter use anaerobic and a marathon runner use aerobic Marathon increase my oxygen intake. Right now, my body combines this oxygen with fuel to produce energy. The fuel comes from the three main food nutrients: protein, fat, and carbohydrates (which are mostly starch and sugars).protein typically accounts for only 2% to 5% of the Sprinting sprinting, strength/resistance training and other intense activities that require more energy than can be provided in a lower intensity aerobic activity would be anaerobic (no oxygen). In anaerobic activities, the rate of energy demand exceeds that of the

bodys total energy expenditure, perhaps rising oxygen-carrying capabilities of the to as high as 8% during themarathon. Fat contributes to 60% of the energy produced when our bodies are at rest, but when we run, only 15% of the energy that we need comes from fat. So for the next few hours, my body will receive the bulk of its energy from glucose (c6H12O6), a simple sugar resulting from the breakdown of most carbohydrates. The bodys preferred fuels for marathon running are glucose, fat, or both, depending on the circulation, and the tissues instead rely on carbohydrates as energy substrates. This produces lactic acid as a byproduct, which becomes the rate-limiting step in the activity and generally shortens the time of exertion to about a minute or less. It is also what causes the familiar "burn" in the muscles, until flushed away in the venous circulation.

intensity of a runners pace and the time point in the race. During aerobic respiration, glucose combines with oxygen to form energy as follows: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy