Tomato Profile

Content Sheet
Particulars I. Global scenario II. Indian Scenario 1.0 Tomato production in India 2.0 Varieties 3.0 Tomato producing states 3.1 Harvest Seasons of Tomato 3.2 Tomato production in Orissa 3.3 Tomato production in Andhra Pradesh 3.4 Tomato production in Karnataka 3.5 Tomato production in Bihar 3.6 Tomato production in Maharashtra 3.7 Tomato production in West Bengal 4.0 Tomato consumption and demand 5.0 Arrival and Distribution pattern at major consumption markets 6.0 Packing: Page No. 2 3 4 5 5 6 6 8 9 10 11 11 12 12

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Global Scenario
Global Tomato Production
The tomato is one of the most important "protective foods" both because of its special nutritive value and also because of its widespread production. Tomato is said to be the native of tropical America. From tropical America it spread to other parts of the world in the 16th century and it became popular in India within the last six decades. It is the world's largest vegetable crop after potato and sweet potato. World produces around 117 million tons of tomatoes from an area of 43 lakh hectares (average of 2001 to 2005). The following graph depicts the trend in area and production tomato in the world.
Trend in area and production of tomato in the world 46 44 lakh ha 42 40 38 36 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1300 1250 1200 1150 1100 1050 1000 950

Area (lakh ha)

Production (lakh tons)

Tomato producing countries China is the largest tomato producing country in the world almost contributing for 25% of worlds tomato production. During 2005 China stood first with annual production of 31.64 million tons followed by USA with 12.76 million tons, Turkey 9.7 million tons, Italy 7.81 million tons and India and Egypt each with 7.6 million tons. These six countries contributed for around 60% of worlds tomatoes production.

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lakh tons

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Indian scenario
Tomato production
Tomato occupies a significant position in vegetable production. Area under tomato in the country is about 4.97 lakh hectares and it is about 7.3% of the total cropped land under vegetables. Annual production of tomato in India is 86 lakh tons which is 8.5% of the total vegetable production. There has been a gradual increase in the area under tomato while the production has been fluctuating due to weather related factors.

All India - Trends in Tomato Area and Production

5.60 5.40 5.20 5.00 4.80 4.60 4.40 4.20 4.00 3.80 3.60
1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00

89 84 79 74 69 \ 64 59 54
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

season Area Production

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, NHB

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Production ( Lakh Tons )

Area ( Lakh Hectares )

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Varieties:

Improved varieties Yield Sioux 250 Pusa Early Dwarf 395 Co-1 380 CO 2 300 Punjab Chhuhara 200 PKM 1 300 Pusa Ruby 250 Paiyur-1 300 Arka Ashish 350 Arka Abha 250 Arka Alok 350 Shakthi 300 Note: Yield in Quintal per hectare

Hybrids Arka Vishal (FM Hybrid-1) Arka Vardan (FM Hybrid-2) Pusa Hybrid 1 Pusa Hybrid 2 COTH 1 Hybrid Tomato BRH-1 and BRH-2 (Arka Abhijit Arka Shresta) Vaishali Rupali Naveen Avinash 2 MTH 4 Sadabahar Gulmohar Sonali Note: Yield in Quintal per hectare

Yield 750 750 320 600 960 690 600 700 700 1200 800 900 900 750

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Tomato Growing States

Tomato is widely grown across various states in the country. The states of

Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Gujarat contribute more than 65% of the total national production.

Tomato production share ( production 86 lakh tons)

15% 28% 14% 5% 8% 9% 10% 11%

ORRISA MAHARASHTRA GUJARAT

ANDHRA PRADESH BIHAR Others

KARNATAKA WEST BENGAL

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, NHB

Harvest Seasons of Tomato in India

State Andhra Pradesh Bihar Gujarat Haryana Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Orissa Punjab Rajasthan TN Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

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Note: Peak season Lean season

Orissa Tomato
Seasonality Price Index
Orissa - Tomato Price seasonality trend
143 133 123 113 103 93 83 73 63
Aug Nov Feb Apr May Mar Dec Jul Sep Jan Jun Oct
17 15 A a ( L k H c re ) re a h e ta s 0.8 0.75 0.7 11 0.65 0.6 0.55 7 0.5 0.45 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 year Area Production 5 9 13 P d tio ( L k T s ) ro uc n a h on

Index

Month

Tomato prices in Orissa the major producer of tomato in the country witness high prices in the month of December and after that there is a gradual decline in prices. Prices are lowest in the month of May. Tomato Production in Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh stands second to Orissa in production of tomato in India. Tomato is cultivated in about 85000 hectares with annual production of about 16 lakh tons. In Andhra Pradesh the major tomato growing belts are Rangareddy, Mahabubnagar, Prakasam, Vishakhapatnam and Chittoor
Andhra Pradesh - Tomato Area and Production Trends
0.9 0.85

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Source: Department of Horticulture Kurnool is the largest tomato producing district contributing for more than 25% of states tomato production. Chittoor stands contributing over 20% towards states tomatoes production
District-wise percent tomato production in Andhra Pradesh during 2004-05 (12.5 lakh tons)
Others 23% Kurnool 29%

Medak 5% Cuddapa 6% Prakasam 5% Adilabad 11% Chittoor 21%

Source: Department of Horticulture Seasonality Price Index

Andhra Pradesh - Tomato price seasonality
125 115 105 Index 95 85 75 65
Aug Nov Feb Apr May Mar Dec Jul Sep Jan Jun Oct

Month

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Prices of tomato in Andhra Pradesh touches low in the month of May and then there is a gradual increase in prices. Prices tend to reach high in the month of November and December. Tomato Production in Karnataka: Tomato in Karnataka is produced through out the year. The major tomato growing areas in Karnataka are Bangalore, Tumkur, Kolar, Hassan, Haveri, Davangere. The total land under tomato in the state is 35429 hectares with a production base of 9.52 lakh tons. In Karnataka tomato production is distributed into three seasons:

Seasons Percentage Kharif Rabi Summer 37 33 30

District wise share in tomato production

District wise share in tomato production ( 10 Lakh Tons ) - Karnataka

16

3 3 4 4 4 5 5 7 10

38

Kolar Bangalore (Rural) Bijapur

Belgaum Haveri Hassan

Mysore Davanagere others

Mandya Bangalore (Urban)

Source: Department of Horticulture

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Seasonality Price index

Karnataka - Tomato Price Seasonality
122 117 112 107 index 102 97 92 87 82 77 72 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec months

Tomato Production in Bihar: Tomato in Bihar is grown in 46000 hectares with a production base of about 7 lakh tons. Tomato in Bihar is grown mainly in the districts of Chapra, Nalanda, Hazipur and Buxar.

Bihar - District Wise tomato Production

0.53 0.48 0.43 0.38 0.33 0.28 0.23 0.18 muzaffapur Nalanda vaishali aurangabad Samastipur Begusarai purnia Patna Gaya Production ( Lakh Tons )

District

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Tomato Profile

Tomato Production in Maharashtra: Tomato in Maharashtra is cultivated in 34000 hectares with production at about 8 lakh tons. The top five districts viz., Nasik, Pune, Nagpur, Chandpur and Ahmednagar contributes for nearly 75% of states production. Nasik stands with 35% contribution. The following graph depicts the district-wise percent average tomato production in Maharashtra Tomato production is mainly focused in 4 districts which is tabulated below: Districts Production ( Tons ) Nasik 173185 Pune 77850 Ahmednagar 36561 Nagpur 4000 Thane 2760 Dhule 131 Source: Department of Horticulture

Seasonality Price index

Maharashtra - Tomato Price Seasonality

132 122 112 Index 102 92 82 72 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

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Tomato Profile

Tomato Production in West Bengal: West Bengal has about 47000 hectares under tomato cultivation with production base at 7.48 lakh tons. The key growing districts are Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, North Dinajpur, Nadia, Purulia, Bankura, 24 Parganas, Malda, Murshidabad,

Coochbehar are the major tomato growing areas in the state.

Seasonality Price index

West Bengal- Tomato Price seasonality trend

181 161 141 121 101 81 61 41 21
Aug Nov Feb May Mar Dec Apr Jun Jul Sep Jan Oct

Index

Month

Tomato Price Volatility: Tomato prices witness a high degree of volatility due to its high perishability in nature and disturbances in production and supply. State Orissa Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Maharashtra West Bengal Volatility (%) 40 48 44 30 58

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Tomato Profile

Consumption and Demand: Tomato consumption in India is increasing at a gradual phase. According to FAO per capita consumption of tomato increased from 4.42 kg to 6.63 Kilogram per annum during 1991 to 2004 Tomato Arrival and Distribution at major markets Source Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Karnataka 90 130 80 130 Tamil Nadu 200 100 200 300 Karnataka 270 100 80 210 Andhra Pradesh 200 80 Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 30 40 70 80 Karnataka 50 20 Delhi Local, Maharashtra 350 350 390 350 Mumbai Local 170 200 150 170 Jaipur Rajasthan 30 120 80 40 Gujarat 70 40 20 10 Delhi/Bangalore 20 40 60 50 Lucknow Karnataka 300 460 Maharashtra 220 290 Pune Maharashtra 40 20 20 40 Mysore Karnataka 100 200 200 100 Vijayawada Karnataka 30 Andhra Pradesh 60 60 30 60 Hubli Andhra Pradesh 60 50 60 70 Karnataka 80 30 40 Maharashtra 80 60 60 70 Note: Values are tons per day basis Market Bangalore Chennai

Marketing Channels
Channel I. Farmers -- Regulated markets CA/ForwarderWholesaler Retailer--Consumer Channel II: Producer -- Commission agent/ Wholesaler (local market) --

Retailer --Consumer

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Tomato Profile

Channel III: Producer -- Commission agent --Wholesaler (distant market) -Retailer Consumer Channel IV : Farmer Village level Traders Wholesaler at distant markets (

This is mainly practiced during the months of April to June by wholesalers at long distant markets)

Harvesting:
The harvest of tomato takes place at various stages of the fruit growth. The following indicates the stages of harvest and usability:

Stage Green Pink Ripe

Usability To Long distance markets Local markets Immediate for table purpose Full Ripe Processing Packing: Tomatoes are packed depending on the transportability. Three types of packing materials are used for packing tomatoes.

Packing Material Bamboo Basket Small wooden Baskets Big wooden Baskets Plastic Boxes

Cost per Capacity Number material ( Kg ) / Truck ( Rs ) 35-40 20 30-35 7-8 280 550

Loss in packaging and transport (%) >5 <5

35 160

30-35 26-28

280 300

<5 1-2

Source: ikisan.com

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