MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF HEAT EXCHANGER

by M.SAI CHANDU SHARDOOL RASTOGI NIMISH TRIPATHI 2009A8PS219P 2009A8PS222P 2008B5A8691P

in

Partial fulfillment of the course Industrial Instrumentation and Control (INSTR C312)

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We sincerely thank Prof. Surekha Bhanot, instructor-in-charge, INSTR C312 (Industrial Instrumentation and Control), for her guidance and support in the completion of this project.

INTRODUCTION
Heat exchangers are devices that transfer heat between two fluids. They can transfer heat between a liquid and a gas (i.e., a liquid-to-air heat exchanger) or two gases (i.e., an air-to-air heat exchanger), or they can perform as liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers. These devices are used in many applications, such as air conditioning, gas turbines, automobiles and electronics cooling. For example, the radiator in a car is water-to-air heat exchanger that cools the heated water returning from the engine.

The objective of this project is to do mathematical modeling of parallel flow heat exchanger and counter flow heat exchanger. The inputs of the simulation will be the specific heat capacities of the process fluids, mass flow rates, over all heat transfer coefficient of the system, pipe length and radius, and input temperatures of process fluids.

Any overall energy balance starts with the following equations:

Q = heat transferred in thermal unit per time (Btu/h or kW) M = mass flow rate T = temperature Cp = heat capacity or specific heat of fluid Subscript H = hot fluid Subscript C = cold fluid

CLASSIFICATION
Heat exchangers may be classified according to their flow arrangement. 1. Parallel-flow heat exchangers 2. Counter-flow heat exchangers 3. Cross-flow heat exchanger

In parallel-flow heat exchangers, the two fluids enter the exchanger at the same end, and travel in parallel to one another to the other side. In counter-flow heat exchangers the fluids enter the exchanger from opposite ends. In a cross-flow heat exchanger, the fluids travel roughly perpendicular to one another through the exchanger.

APPLICATIONS
1. Boilers and Steam Generators 2. Condensers 3. Radiators 4. Evaporators 5. Cooling towers (direct contact) 6. Regenerators 7. Recuperators

ASSUMPTIONS
We will use the following assumptions in our model:

1.

Heat transfer is under steady-state conditions.

2. The overall heat-transfer coefficient is constant throughout the length of pipe. 3. There is no axial conduction of heat in the metal pipe. 4. The heat exchanger is well insulated. The heat exchange is between the two liquid streams flowing in the heat exchanger. There is negligible heat loss to the surroundings.

WORKING EQUATION Counter Flow

( )

( )

( ))

Parallel Flow
( ( ) ( ) ( ) )

( )

( )

) (

( )

SIMULINK BLOCK DIAGRAM(COUNTER FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER

SIMULATION RESULTS 1)TEMPERATURE OF HOT LIQUID

2)TEMPERATURE OF COLD LIQUID

MATLAB CODE CounterFlow clear all close all disp('########################################################'); disp(' ####### Counter Flow Heat Exchanger Simulation #########'); disp(' ########################################################'); %Simulates a Counter FLow Heat Exchanger %User Input Code Tc1=input('Enter entry temperature[COLD FLUID](deg C):'); Mc=input( 'Enter mass flow rate [COLD FLUID](kg/s) :'); Cc=input( 'Enter specific heat [COLD FLUID](J/kgC):'); Th1=input('Enter entry temperature [HOT FLUID](deg C):'); Mh=input( 'Enter mass flow rate [HOT FLUID](kg/s) :'); Ch=input( 'Enter specific heat [HOT FLUID](J/kgC):'); r=input( 'Enter radius of pipe (m):'); U=input( 'Enter heat transfer coefficient (w/m2C):'); l=input( 'Enter tube length (m):');

%Solution

p=((Mh*Ch)/(Mc*Cc)); b=(1-p); d=(2*pi*r*U*b)/(Mh*Ch); x=0:0.01:l; % initialize an array of points for the length of the pipe N=(100*l)+1; % number of elements in the array h1=((Tc1*(exp(d*x)-1))+(Th1*b)); h2=exp(d*x)-p; for (i=1:N) Th2(i)=h1(i)/h2(i);% Array stores the temperature of hot fluid along the length of the tube Tc2(i)=Tc1+(p*(Th1-Th2(i)));% Array stores the temperature of cold fluid along the length of the tube end

%Temperature Plotting figure; plot(x,Th2,'r'); hold on; plot(x,Tc2); title('Heat Exchanger | Counter Flow'); xlabel('distance'); ylabel('temperature'); grid;

ParallelFlow clear all close all disp('#########################################################'); disp(' ####### Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger Simulation #########'); disp(' #########################################################'); %Simulates a Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger %User Input Code Tc1=input('Enter entry temperature[COLD FLUID](deg C):'); Mc=input( 'Enter mass flow rate [COLD FLUID](kg/s) :'); Cc=input( 'Enter specific heat [COLD FLUID](J/kgC):'); Th1=input('Enter entry temperature [HOT FLUID](deg C):'); Mh=input( 'Enter mass flow rate [HOT FLUID](kg/s) :'); Ch=input( 'Enter specific heat [HOT FLUID](J/kgC):'); r=input( 'Enter radius of pipe (m):'); U=input( 'Enter heat transfer coefficient (w/m2C):'); l=input( 'Enter tube length (m):');

%Solution p=((Mh*Ch)/(Mc*Cc)); b=(p+1); d=(-2*pi*r*U*b)/(Mh*Ch); x=0:0.01:l;% initialize an array of points for the length of the pipe p_inv=1/p; f=p_inv+1; Th2=(((Tc1+(p*Th1)+((Th1-Tc1)*exp(d*x)))))/b;% Array stores the temperature of hot fluid along the length of the tube Tc2=(((Th1+(p_inv*Tc1)-((Th1-Tc1)*exp(d*x)))))/f;% Array stores the temperature of cold fluid along the length of the tube

%Temperature Plotting figure; plot(x,Th2,'r'); hold on; plot(x,Tc2); title('Heat Exchanger | Parallel Flow'); xlabel('distance'); ylabel('temperature'); grid;