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Scalawag - White Southerner who joined the Republican Party after the Civil War. (p.

195)

carpet-bagger – Northerner who moved to the South after the Civil War.

White Man’s Burden -

Manifest Destiny – The 19th-century belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward to
the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory.

US Imperialism – n. the policy of extending a nation’s authority over other countries by


economic, political, or military means. Manifest Destiny / Hawaii.

Capitalism - Capitalism generally refers to an economic system in which the means of production
are mostly privately owned and operated for profit and in which distribution, production and
pricing of goods and services are determined in a largely free market.

Socialism - An economic and political system based on government control of business and property
and equal distribution of wealth.

Homestead Act – a law, enacted in 1862, that provided 160 acres of free land in the West to
anyone who live on and cultivate it for 5 years.

Assimilation – A minority group’s adoption of the beliefs and way of life of the dominant culture.

Dawes Act – A law, enacted in 1887, that was intended to “Americanize” Native Americans by
distributing reservation land to individual owners.

Colonialism - Colonialism is the extension of a nation's sovereignty over territory beyond its borders by
the establishment of either settler colonies or administrative dependencies in which indigenous
populations are directly ruled or displaced. Colonizing nations generally control and exploit the
resources, labor, and markets of the colonial territory.

Treaty of Paris – The 1783 treaty that ended the Revolutionary War, confirming the
independence of the United States and setting the boundaries of the new nation.

13th Amendment - Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof
the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to
their jurisdiction.

14th Amendment - All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction
thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or
enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor
shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to
any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

15th Amendment - The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by
the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

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