On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas

S. Sczyslo, G. Armbrecht, H. Thye, S. Dortmund and T. Kaiser y , , y ,

Motivation
Each path of the impulse response between two antennas can be separated:

Knowledge of the directional antenna impulse response (IR) allows for: Derivation of different antenna parameters, e.g. gain, goup delay more realistic simulations e.g. in a raytracing environment design of more efficient receivers
On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 2

Motivation
Antenna receive IR relates the incident E-field with the signal at the antenna feeding port by:

Antenna transmt IR relates the signal at the feeding port with the transmitted Efield by:

Antenna transmit and receive IR relation given by Lorentz reciprocity:

=> Transmit Simulation in CST Microwave Studio can be used to characterize a passive antenna
On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 3

Motivation
A new method, the GTEM method, is presented using an easy setup to determine the receive IR:

Its final equation is very close to the definition equation of the receive IR:

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 4

Outline

Introduction of the cone antenna Simulation of the antenna IR using CST MWS

Simulation Setup p Deconvolution Presentation of the CST / MATLAB framework Results and Comparison

Measurement of the antenna IR using the GTEM Method

Pulse propagation in GTEM Cells Method description Results and Comparison

Conclusion
On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 5

Outline

Introduction of the cone antenna Simulation of the antenna IR using CST MWS

Simulation Setup p Presentation of the CST / MATLAB framework Results

Measurement of the antenna IR using the GTEM Method

Pulse propagation in GTEM Cells Method description Results and Comparison

Conclusion

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 6

Introduction of the cone antenna

UWB cone antenna

mechanically simple to guarantee identical antennas nearly omnidirectional pattern => single impulse response to characterize azimuth plane low cross polarization compact size (20 mm x 20 mm x 20 mm)
On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 7

Outline

Introduction of the cone antenna Simulation of the antenna IR using CST MWS

Simulation Setup p Presentation of the CST / MATLAB framework Results and Comparison

Measurement of the antenna IR using the GTEM Method

Pulse propagation in GTEM Cells Method description Results and Comparison

Conclusion

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 8

Simulation Setup
Determine antenna transmit IR:

Extract E-field component in farfield condition Extract excitation signal Deconvolve both signals

E-field probes (farfield)

Broadband Farfield Monitor

Time consuming to define all probes

Check Farfield/RCS Check Transient farfields

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 9

Deconvolution
Applying a Wiener filter in the FD leads to the following deconvolution (see also [1]) :

aims to bound in case of low SNR. Identify signal+noise and noise parts of the energy spectral density

can be calculated with the noise part which is limited by s:

[1] S. Sczyslo, H. Thye, G. Armbrecht, S. Dortmund, and T. Kaiser, Determination of the impulse response of uwb antennas using gtem cells, in Ultra-Wideband, 2009. ICUWB 2009. IEEE International Conference on, Sept. 2009 pp 753 758 Sept 2009, pp. 753758.
On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 10

CST -> MATLAB Framework Export Farfield

Framework allows for conversion of Antenna Farfield to MATLAB (time & freq dependent) Extraction of different parameters in MATLAB e.g. antenna impulse response, Gain Macro in CST includes GUI MATLAB script is guided in command line (GUI in next version) Downloadable soon (May 2010 after evaluation) at: http://www.ikt.uni-hannover.de/software.html

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 11

Results

Plane wave to indicate to Lorentz reciprocity Perfect matching between all three extraction methods

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 12

Outline

Introduction of the cone antenna Simulation of the antenna IR using CST MWS

Simulation Setup p Presentation of the CST / MATLAB framework Results and Comparison

Measurement of the antenna IR using the GTEM Method

Pulse propagation in GTEM Cells Method description Results and Comparison

Conclusion

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 13

Pulse propagation in GTEM cell

absorber resistor network

septum

input port

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 14

Simulation of pulse propagation in GTEM cell

1.2 1.0

Excitation pulse Simulated Ey in CS1

norma alized amplit tude

CS1

CS2

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 0 2 4 6 8

P1

P2

time [ns]

TEM waveguide developed 20 years ago id d l d frequently used measurement device in EMC for immunity and emission measurements
On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 15

Measurement of pulse propagation in GTEM cell

downtime tD defines the time intervall until reflections occur at the measurement position reflections are related to the rear end of the cell IR of GTEM cell can be modelled by a weighted dirac impulse response (see also [2])

[2] H. Thye, G. Armbrecht, and M. Koch, Pulse propagation in gigahertz transverse electromagnetic cells, in IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 51, no. 3, Aug. 2009. g p y, , , g
On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 16

GTEM method: System Theory Model of the Setup

As has been shown the impulse response of the GTEM cell can be modeled by a weigthed Dirac impulse within downtime tD => applying time gating techniques, the IR can be modeled by:

=>

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 17

GTEM method: Tradeoff in antenna placement

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 18

GTEM method: Measurement Setup

GTEM 5305 Pulse Generator PicoSecond 4015D Cone antenna inside the GTEM cell

Sampling Oscillocope S li O ill Agilent Infinium 86100B

Pulse Generator: Oscilloscope:

A = -1.9 V tFWHM = 22 22ps av_cycle = 1024 t_scale t scale = 500 ps/div Npoints = 405 pts/div (interpolation)

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 19

Results using a cutoff frequency fc = 15GHz

nearly perfect match between CST simulation and measurement with GTEM method slight oscillations for t > 0.3 ns
On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 20

Outline

Introduction of the cone antenna Simulation of the antenna IR using CST MWS

Simulation Setup p Presentation of the CST / MATLAB framework Results and Comparison

Measurement of the antenna IR using the GTEM Method

Pulse propagation in GTEM Cells Method description Results and Comparison

Conclusion

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 21

Conclusion

It was shown how to determine the impulse response of an antenna by simulation and measurement A new framework taking advantage of CST MWSs farfield monitor and MATLAB was presented t d GTEM method was presented as an efficient method to measure the antenna impulse response a nearly perfect match between both methods could have been achieved

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 22

Thank you for your attention

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas CST User Group Meeting 2010 S.Sczyslo 23 23