MATLAB

Dr. Hammed
Computer Science

8002

 MATLAB

:MATLAB
()The MATLAB programming language
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- 1 .MATLAB
- 2 .
- 3 .
- 4 .
- 5 .
- 6 .
- 7 .
- 8 .
- 9 .
- 11 .MATLAB
- 11 .
- 12 .
- 13 .

:
6.5 - 1

MATLAB , ( , ).

MATLAB Help Version 6.5 - 2

www.mathworks.com - 3

 MATLAB

The MATLAB Programming Language : MATLAB

MATLAB ,
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C .FORTAN
( MATrix LABoratory ) ,
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( toolboxes ) ,
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MATLAB

Graphical User Interface

) (GUI .

MATLAB

 MATLAB

:
- 1 MATLAB .

.double click

- 2 start Programs MATLAB

.6.5
start

Programs
MATLAB 6.5
MATLAB
( .) 1
( )2 Windows
.

Dr. Hammed
Computer Science

( :)2 )
(MATLAB
( :)1 MATLAB
MATLAB

 MATLAB

MATLAB MATLAB
, MATLAB
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MATLAB
MATLAB - :
- 1

- 2 ) (Menu Bar ) (Lists Bar ,File ,Edit

... ,View .Help
- 3 ) (Tools Bar
.
)(Current Directory
( )2
() MATLAB6P5\work C:
- 4 MATLAB Start
. Ready
.

( )3 ( () ,
,Command Window
.
- 5 View ( )3
MATLAB - :

 MATLAB

( :)3 View
- :Command Window
(>>).
- :Workspace
MATLAB (
MATLAB ) , (.)4

( :)4 Command Window .Workspace

- :Current Directory
.MATLAB

 MATLAB

- :Help ()
.
- :Launch Pad
.
- :Command History
.
( )5 MATLAB ....
)(lists bar

)(tools bar

( :)5 MATLAB

 MATLAB

:
- 1 MATLAB , MATLAB
(.)scalar
- 2 clear Workspace .
- 3 clc Workspace .Command Window
- 4 MATLAB :
format short, long, short e, long e, hex, blank, +, rat,
- 5 ( demo )demonstration MATLAB :
( )Toolboxes

Help

Demos

- :
- .Demos

- ( .)Help -

. - Demo
: Demos

.Mfile

Start

- 6 ( )...
.
- 7 Command
.Editor
- 8 ( )% ,:
% This Program Compute Area
- 9 MATLAB Mfiles ( ,).m (.)examplel.m
- 11

Command

.
- 11

( MATLAB ) Command

Window .
- 12

MATLAB

 MATLAB

- 13

( )

:
Command

Help

Copy Command Window Paste .

- 14

,M-file ()

,MATLAB New File

M-file Open .
( MATLAB ) .
(.)8( ,)7( ,)6
- 15

Run

Editor F5 Run ,Debug

>> .Command
() M-file ( )example1.m
Save File
.)MATLAB (.)9
:
) (Untitle1
.
9

 MATLAB

( :)7 ( ).

( :)6 .

( :)9 .

( :)8 ( ).

- 16

MATLAB Exit MATLAB

File MATLAB Exit

,Command () MATLAB .
- 17

global .

- 18

( )tic ( )toc .

10

 MATLAB

;clc
;clear
;tic
)(commands
;t = toc

- 19

Help :
MATLAB Help

Help

,- :
1- Contents.
2- Index.
3- Search.
4- Demos.

- 21 break ( (
break ).

11

 MATLAB

:
.

if .

function .
.
.

else

;break

;break

..

} {else

;break

..

} {

- 21 return .
:

function
..
.

;return
..
....

- 22 .
- 23 .ans
- 24 .

12

 MATLAB

MATLAB Symbols : MATLAB

MATLAB :
- ::
- :

A, B, , Z, a, b, , z

0, 1, 2, , 9

- :

( ... , {, + , - ,= , > , < , ; , *, ) ,.

:Constants
MATLAB - :
() : Numerical Constants
:
( )1 :

0, +23, 472, -18

: .
>> bitmax
= ans
9.007199254740991e+015
253-1
( )2 :

0.0, 51.8, 472.5, -18.0 :

>> realmin
= ans
2.225073858507201e-308
>> realmax
= ans
1.797693134862316e+308
>> pi
= ans
3.146

13

 MATLAB

( )3 : 10N MATLAB
EN 103 2.0 2.0E3 : 2.0E+3 MATLAB
- 102 1.7 -1.7E2 : : 0.0032
10-3 3.2E-3 : 3.2
( )4 :

sqrt (-2) , 6 + sin (0.5) * j , 6 - 9i , 1 - 2i :

i = j = 1 :
:1 :

c = -7.7782 4.9497i

)cr = real (c

cr = -7.7782

)ci = imag (c

ci = -4.9497

:2

6.000 9.000i

)c2 = 3 * (2 sqrt (-1) * 3

Numeric ()

)int8, uint8 (1 byte

)int16, uint16 (2 bytes
)int32, uint32 (4 bytes
)int64, uint64 (8 bytes

single
real
)(4 bytes

( )
:1

double
MATLAB
real
)(8 bytes

:2

;>> x = 100

;>> x = 100

;)>> x = uint8 (x

;)>> x = double (x

;>> y = x + 1

;>> y = x + 1
101

Error
() :String Constants
14

= y

 MATLAB

quotations ' '
, .
'= 'The speed of wind
''I love Basrah
''My birthday = 1970
, , ,
,
A B
:
''A' < 'B
() :Boolean Constants
) (1 true ) (0 .false
:
1

3>2

0>5

:Variables
:
.1 ( )
,:
if, end, for, break, else, global, return, function, sin, log,
.2 ( COST, CoST, cost, Cost ,
A .)a
.3 )small letter( l MATLAB .1
.4 63 .63
. 5
.underscore .
15

 MATLAB

.6 MATLAB ) .(if, while, input,

MATLAB:
() :Numerical Variables
A Z a b
0 9 (
) underscore 63 .
( , , ).
:
Ali_Ahmed, X2, S2, ks, K

^ ,* ,/ ,- ,
.MATLAB
MATLAB

a3*b

a 3b

c ^ 2 10

c 2 - 10
a2 + b2 / 12

(a ^ 2 + b ^ 2) / 12
)m * (7 * d 8 * g

)m (7d 8g

() Rule of Precedence
,
,
, , ( ) ,
( ) :
:
A
B

A / B + C
1
2

16

+ C

 MATLAB

(A / )B + C

A
BC

1
2
A .
:
)A - B / (K * F - X ^ M

2
3
4
5

, .
: X M .
: K F .
: .
: B .
: A .

Arithmetic Statement
MATLAB MATLAB

( ) , :
17

 MATLAB

1( y = A * X + B
2) A = 3.14 * R ^ 2
:
:
Z=AB/C
1

2
3

.
() :String Variables

( ).

String Statement

( ) .
:
;'A = 'Hameed AbdulKareem
;'N = 'Number of Student
;'Dept = 'Computer Science
:
' '.

:Library Functions
MATLAB ,
,:

18

 MATLAB

Sqrt

abs

exp

10

log

log 10

log 2

sin

Cos

Tan

atan

fix

floor

ceil

round

mod

rem

Sign

, ,

imag

real

factor

Isprime

true

primes

gcd

lcm

19

 MATLAB

:
;>> x = 2.6
;)>> y1 = fix (x); y2 = floor (x); y3 = ceil (x); y4 = round (x
y1 = 2
y2 = 2
y3 = 3
/

y4 = 3

:
.
)(d

sin (a + b) m / sqrt
1

3
4
:

: a .b
: (.)1
: .d
: m (.)3
: ( )4 ( )2 (
).
: :MATLAB

b a 2 10

) b = sqrt ( a ^ 2 + 10

)z = ln (cx + ny

)z = log (c * x + n * y

)y = sin 3 (x + nk

y = (sin (x + n * k)) ^ 3
20

MATLAB

s = tan-1 (y / x)

s = atan (y / x)

r = 2 * sqrt (exp (x 5 ))
t = abs (x sqrt (y)) / (a + m)
g = p ^ (3 / 2) + (a * b / c) ^ (1 / 5)

21

r 2 e x 5

x y

gp

(a m)
3

5 ab

 MATLAB

.
. ,
, ,
. , MATLAB
.

MATLAB ,
.
(:)1
(:)2

]x = [1, 3, 7, 9, 20
)y = sin (x

0 x

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

0.95 0.81 0.59 0.31

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

0.31 0.59 0.81 0.95
1

x
y

0
0

x = [0 0.1 * pi .2 * pi .3 * pi .4 * pi .5 * pi .6 * pi .7 * pi .8 * pi .9 * pi
]pi
)y = sin (x
MATLAB
() . ) sin (x
MATLAB x y
MATLAB .

11 , .
)>> x (3
= ans
0.6283
)>> y (5
22

 MATLAB

= ans
0.9511
MATLAB
(.):
)>> x (1: 5
= ans
1.2566

0.9425

0.6283

0.3142

,x 1: 5 1
.5
:
)>> x (7: end
= ans
3.1416

2.8274

2.5133

2.1991

1.885

, end
.
:
)>> y (3: -1: 1
= ans
0

0.3090

0.5878

, 3: -1: 1 3
1 .1
:
)>> x (2: 2: 7
= ans
1.5708

0.9425

0.3142

,x 2: 2: 7 2
2 .7
23

 MATLAB

:
)]>> y ([8 2 9 1
= ans
0

0.5878

0.8090

0.3090

] [8 2 9 1 y ,
,
. ] [8 2 9 1 .y
:
2

)]2

3 4

>> y ([1
= ans

0.3090

0.3090

0.8090

0.5878

:
MATLAB .
)>> y (3.2
Error
)>> y (3.7
Error
)>> y (11.6

Error

( x ,
x , 111
,x .
:
1) >> x = (0: 0.1: 1) * pi
) 2) >> x = linspace (0, pi, 11

24

 MATLAB

:
]>> a = [1: 7
=a
7

:
])>> b = [linspace (1, 7, 5
=b
5.5 7

2.5 4

:
)>> a = (1: 7
=a
7

:
b = 1: 2: 9

>> a = 1: 5
=a

1
=b
1

:
,
:
]>> c = [b a
=c
4 5

c b .a

25

 MATLAB

,
, .
:
]5

>> c = [1

=c

:
]>> c = [1; 2; 3; 4; 5
=c
( )

1
2
3
4
5

:
>> a = 1: 5
=a
5

:
'>> b = a
() a .b

=b
1
2
3
4
5

:
26

 MATLAB

( )

;>> k = b

:
]8

>> g = [1

=g

:
3 4

>> g = [1

7 8

]10 11 12

Enter Return MATLAB

.
:
]7

>> h = [1
Error

:
; )half = g (2, 2

; full = g

:
]>> c = [1: 5; 2: 2: 10; 7: -1: 3
=c
1 2 3 4 5
2 4 6 8 10
7 6 5 4 3
)>> c (1, 2
27

 MATLAB

= ans
2
:
MATLAB ,

( ).
)>> c (12
= ans
4

.
:
g %

>> g 2
= ans
2

-1

9 10

g .2
:
>> 2 * g 1
= ans
g
,2

9 11 13 15

.1

17 19 21 23

:
>> 2 * g / 5 + 1
28

 MATLAB

= ans
2.6

2.2

1.4

1.8

4.2

3.8

3.4

5.8

5.4

4.6

g ,2 5
,
.

. ,
,
MATLAB :
%

>> g
=g

9 10 11 12
]>> h = [1 1 1 1 ; 2 2 2 2 ; 3 3 3 3
=h
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
>> g + h
= ans
5

10

12 13 14 15
>> ans h
29

 MATLAB

= ans
4

10 11 12

>> 2 * g h
= ans
3

10 12 14

15 17 19 21
)>> 2 * (g h
= ans
4

10 12

12 14 16 18

, .

:
>> g .* h
= ans
4

14 16

10 12

33 36

27 30

g h
.
: MATLAB
, .
30

 MATLAB

>> g * h
Error
g h

:
>> g ./ h
= ans
4.0000

3.0000

2.0000

1.0000

4.0000

3.5000

3.0000

2.5000

4.0000

3.6667

3.3333

3.0000

: , MATLAB
. ,( .
>> g .^ 2
= ans
16

64

49

25 36

81 100 121 144

.g

MATLAB ,
, ,
.
( )

)>> ones (3
= ans
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

31

 MATLAB

( )

)>> zeros (2, 5

= ans

( )

)>> size (g
= ans
3 4
))>> ones (size (g
= ans
1

: ) ones (n ) zeros (n
MATLAB n n .
( )

)>> eye (4
= ans
0

( )

)>> rand (3
= ans

0.4565

0.4860

0.9501

0.0185

0.8913

0.2311

0.8214

0.7621

0.6068
)>> rand (1, 5

32

 MATLAB

= ans
0.7382

0.9218

0.7919

0.6154

0.4447

:
;>> d = pi
)>> d * ones (3, 4
= ans
3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

)>> d + zeros (3, 4

= ans
3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

( d (3 4

)>> repmat (d, 3, 4

= ans

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

3.1416

: d .

MATLAB ,
, ,
,
.MATLAB
:
]>> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9
33

 MATLAB

=A
3

>> A (3, 3) = 0
=A
) (3, 3.

>> A (2, 6) = 1
=A
) (2, 6 1 A

1 2 3 0 0 0

4 5 6 0 0

7 8 0 0 0
>> A (:, 4) = 4
=A

1 2 3 4 0 0

4 5 6 4 0

7 8 0 4 0

]>> A (:, 4) = [4; 4; 4

=A
1 2 3 4 0 0

4 5 6 4 0

7 8 0 4 0

]>> A (:, 4) = [4 4 4

:
34

Error

 MATLAB

]>> B = [7 8 9; 4 5 6; 1 2 3
=B

]9

>> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8
=A
3

])]>> C = [A B(:, [1 3
=C
C A(

.B

)>> B = A (1: 2, 2: 3
=B
3

: B A .
)>> B = A (:
=B
1
4
7
2
5
35

 MATLAB

8
3
6
9
:
;]>> B = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9
)>> B = reshape (A, 1, 9
=B
1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6 9
;)]>> B = reshape (A, [1 9
=B
1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6 9
3*3 1*9
:
>> A = B
=A
3

] [ = )>> B (:, 2
=B

B
B , ] [,

.
: ()

.reshape
'>> C = B
=C

36

 MATLAB

)>> reshape (B, 2, 3

= ans
6

: reshape
).(transport
: .C
] [ = )>> C (2, :
=C
7

: A .C
>> A (2, :) = C
=A
3

:
>> x = -3: 3
=x
2 3

-1

-2

-3

.
,
) (1 true ) (0 false
. :
>> abs (x) > 1
37

 MATLAB

= ans
1

)>> y = x (abs (x) > 1

y x .
=y
2

-3

-2

, :
]-4

-3; 2

>> B = [5
=B
-3

-4

>> x = abs (B) > 2

=x
1

)>> y = B (x
=y
5
-3
-4

,
sort ,MATLAB :
( )

)>> x = randperm (8
=x
8
38

 MATLAB

)>> [y, indx] = sort (x

=y
8

1
= indx
4

:
( )
])>> A = [randperm (6); randperm (6); randperm (6); randperm (6

=A
3

)>> [As, idx] = sort (A

= As
1

= idx

39

 MATLAB

,
. MATLAB ,find
,true :
>> x = -3: 3
=x
3

-1

-3

-2

)>> k = find (abs (x) > 1

()
7

=k
2

)>> y = x (k
=y
3

-3

-2

)>> y = x (abs (x) > 1

=y
3

-3

-2

find ( ) ,:
]9

;6

;3

>> A = [1

=A
3

)>> [i, j] = find (A > 6

=i
3
40

 MATLAB

3
3
=j
1
2
3
: diag .
8 9 9
8 9 9
5 8 6

8 9 9

7
7
A=
4

)>> diag (A
= ans
7
8
8
9
:
MATLAB min , max
.
:
)>> v = rand (1, 6
=v
0.5417

0.3028

0.6822

0.1934

0.1897

0.3046
)>> max (v
= ans

0.6822
41

 MATLAB

)>> [mx, i] = max (v

= mx
0.6822
=i
4
)>> min (v
= ans
0.1897
)>> [mn, j] = min (v
= mn
0.1897
=j
2
:
)>> A = rand (4, 6
=A
0.3704

0.7271

0.3420

0.8216

0.8537

0.1509

0.7027

0.3093

0.2897

0.6449

0.5936

0.6979

0.5466

0.8385

0.3412

0.8180

0.4966

0.3784

0.4449

0.5681

0.5341

0.6602

0.8998

0.8600

0.7027

0.8385

0.5341

0.8216

)>> [mx, r] = max (A

= mx
0.8998

0.8600
=r

:
( )
42

;)'>> max (A

 MATLAB

)>> [mn, r] = min (A

= mn
0.3704

0.3093

0.2897

0.6449

0.1509

0.4966

=r
2

:
( )

;)'>> min (A

>> : .
)mmx = max (mx
= mmx
0.8998
))>> [mmx, i] = max (A (:
= mmx
0.8998
=i
8
: :
;))>> z = max (max (A
;))>> z = min (min (A
: .sum
;))>> z = sum (sum (A

,MATLAB
, , :
]9

6; 7

3; 4

>> A = [1
=A

3
43

 MATLAB

up-down

)>> flipud (A
= ans
9

left-right

)>> fliplr (A
= ans
1

)(upper

)>> triu (A
= ans
3

)(lower

)>> tril (A
= ans
0

()

;)>> g = det (A

()

;)>> h = inv (A

;)>> i = eig (A

)>> j = eye (3
=j

44

 MATLAB

;)>> trace (A

, MATLAB length
size numel :
]8

4; 5

>> A = [1
=A

)>> S = size (A
=S
4

) (2 ).(4
)>> [r, c] = size (A
=r
2
=c
4
)>> r = size (A, 1
=r
2
)>> c = size (A, 2
=c
4
45

 MATLAB

numel :
)>> numel (A
= ans
8
length , :
)>> length (A
= ans
4
>> B = -3: 3
=B
3

-1

-2

-3

)>> length (B
= ans
7
A

))>> min (size (A

= ans
2

: .
;]4
;]x .^ 4

46

2; 3

>> x = [1

x .^ 2; x .^ 3

>> y = [x

 MATLAB

.
MATLAB (

(n-D arrays

. ,
) ,(pages ,
,
.
,
.

, :
)>> A = zeros (4, 3, 2
= )A (:, :, 1
0

= )A (:, :, 2

,
.
:
;)>> B (:, :, 1) = zeros (2, 3
47

 MATLAB

;)>> B (:, :, 2) = ones (2, 3

;>> B (:, :, 3) = 4
>> B
= )B (:, :, 1
0

= )B (:, :, 2

= )B (:, :, 3

reshape
:
])>> C = [B (:, :, 1), B (:, :, 2), B (:, :, 3
=C
4

)>> reshape (C, 2, 3, 3

= )ans (:, :, 1
0

= )ans (:, :, 2

= )ans (:, :, 3

48

 MATLAB

size .
)>> [r, c, p] = size (C
=r
2
=c
3
=p
3
, ndims
:
)>> ndims (C
= ans
3

)>> numel (C
= ans
18

))>> length (size (C

= ans
3

49

 MATLAB

Cell Arrays
MATLAB ,

. ,
( ( ))
,
.
,cell
( .
.
MATLAB

, } { ,
, :
;}]9

6; 7

3; 4

>> A (1, 1) = {[1

;}>> A (1, 2) = {2 + 3i
;}'>> A (2, 1) = {'Ali Ahmed
;}>> A (2, 2) = {12: -2: 0
>> A
=A

][2.0000 + 3.0000i

][3 3 double

][1 7 double

''Ali Ahmed

MATLAB 2 2

,
, .

) ,(cell indexing .

50

 MATLAB

:
}A (i, j) = {x

A {i, j} = x MATLAB

x ) (i, j .A

) A (i, j ) , (cell indexing } A {i, j

) (content addressing } { ,
( ) .
:
}>> y = {1, 'hello', 1 > 5
=y
''hello

][0

][1

}>> y {1
= ans
1
}>> y {2
= ans
hello
}>> y {3
= ans
0
:
;}7], 'yes', 3 > 2

3; 5

>> ce = {[1

)>> ce {1}(2, 2
= ans
6
:
;)>> x = rand (3, 3
;)>> y = rand (3, 3
51

 MATLAB

;)>> z = rand (3, 3

;>> w {1} = x
;>> w {2} = y
;>> w {3} = z
>> w
= ans
][3 3 double

][3 3 double

][3 3 double

:
;)>> x {1} = rand (3, 3
;)>> x {2} = rand (3, 3
;)>> x {3} = rand (3, 3
.
.
.
.
.
;)>> x {9} = rand (3, 3
}>> x {1
= ans
0.6813

0.6721

0.8462

0.3795

0.8381

0.5252

0.8318

0.0196

0.2026

() (>> x {1} (2, 2

= ans
0.8381
: .
52

 MATLAB

;)>> L = length (x
;>> sum1 = 0
>> for i = 1: L
;}b = x {i
;sum1 = sum1 + b
;end
celldisp MATLAB ,
:
)>> celldisp (A
= )A (1, 1
3

7
= )A (2, 1

Ali Ahmed
= )A (1, 2
2.0000 + 3.0000i
= )A (2, 2
0

10

12

,
,:
}>> A {2, 2
= ans
0

10

12
)>> A (2, 2
= ans

][1 7 double
53

 MATLAB

)>> A (1, :
= ans
][2.0000 + 3.0000i

][3 3 double

,ans
.
,
, . :
}2], 'John Smith'; 2 + 3i, 5

>> B = {[1
=B

''John Smith

][1 2 double

][5

][2.0000 + 3.0000i

, , cell
] [ :
)>> C = cell (2, 3
=C
][

][

][

][

][

][

,
:
'>> C (1, 1) = 'The does n't work
Error
,
, .
}'>> C (1, 1) = {'The does n't work
=C
][
54

][

''The does n't work

 MATLAB

][

][

][

}'>> C (2, 3) = {'This works too

=C
][
''This works too

][

''This does work

][

][

, MATLAB
. ,
.

,
, :
>> A
=A
][2.0000 + 3.0000i

][3 3 double

][1 7 double

''Ali Ahmed
>> B
=B

''John Smith

][1 2 double

][5

][2.0000 + 3.0000i

( )

]>> C = [A; B
=C

][2.0000 + 3.0000i

][3 3 double

][1 7 double

''Ali Ahmed

''John Smith

][1 2 double

][5

][2.0000 + 3.0000i

55

 MATLAB

:
)>> D = C ([1 3], :
=D
][2.0000 + 3.0000i

][3 3 double

''John Smith

][1 2 double

.
] [ = )>> C (3, :
=C
][2.0000 + 3.0000i

][3 3 double

][1 7 double

''Ali Ahmed

][5

][2.0000 + 3.0000i

reshape , ,
:
;)>> x = cells (3, 4
)>> size (x
= ans
4

;)>> y = reshape (x, 6, 2

)>> size (y
= ans
2

reshape , size
.
repmat
.
:
56

MATLAB

>> y
y=
[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

>> z = repmat (y, 1, 3)

z=
[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

57

 MATLAB

MATLAB ,
.

MATLAB ASCII
,:
'?>> t = 'How about this character string
=t
?How about this character string
)>> size (t
= ans
32

1
>> whos

Class

Bytes

Size

Name

double array

16

12

ans

character array

64

1 32

Grand total is 34 elements using 80 bytes

.
, , 8
. ASCII
,double
:
)>> u = double (t
=u
Columns 1 through 12
104

116

32

116

117

111
58

97 98

32

119

111

72

 MATLAB

Columns 13 through 24
114

116 101

99

97

99 104 97 114

32

105 115

Columns 25 through 32
114 105 110 103 63

116

115

32
)>> char (u
= ans

?How about this character string

))>> char (u (1
= ans
H
,
,MATLAB:
)>> u = t (16: 24
=u
character
, 16 24
character
)>> u = t (24: -1: 16
=u
retcarahc
character .
')>> u = t (16: 24
=u
c
h
a
59

 MATLAB

r
a
c
t
e
r
character ().
:
;' >> u = 'Hameed
;'>> v = 'Aiad
]>> w = [u v
=w
Hameed Aiad
disp :
)>> disp (u
Hameed
( ) ,
,
:
' >> v = ['character strings having more than
''one row must have the same number
!'of columns just like arrays

]'

=v
character string having more than
one row must have the same number
!of columns just like array

60

 MATLAB

char ,
:
)'>> legends = char ('Wilt', 'Russel', 'Kareem', 'Bird', 'Magic', 'Jordan
= legends
Wilt
Russel
Kareem
Bird
Magic
Jordan
)>> size (legends
= ans
6

. MATLAB num2str int2str fprintf
, :
)>> int2str (35
= ans
35
)>> class (ans
= ans
char
)>> num2str (3.5
= ans
3.5
)>> class (ans
61

MATLAB

ans =
char
>> fprintf ('% 4.3f\n', sqrt (2))
1.414
>> size (fprintf ('% 4.3f\n' , sqrt (2))
ans =
1

1
:

>> radius = sqrt (2);

>> area = pi * radius ^ 2;
>> fprintf ('A circle of radius% 6.4f has an area of % 6.4f', radius, area)
A circle of radius 1.4142 has an area of 6.2832
.area radius % 6.4f
:) (
>> S = ['A circle of radius ', (num2str (radius)), 'has an of ', (num2str (area)) '.']
S=
A circle of radius 1.4121 has an area of 6.2832.

>> S = str2num ('3.5')

S=
3.5
>> t = ['3.5'

'sqrt(2)'

;'1.5' '9.5']

t=
3.5 sqrt(2)
1.5

9.5

>> str2num (t)

62

 MATLAB

= ans

1.4142

3.5000

9.5000

1.5000

']>> t = '[3.5sqrt(2);1.59.5
=t
][3.5sqrt(2);1.59.5

)>> str2num (t
= ans
1.4142

3.5000

9.5000

1.5000

findstr .
;'>> b = 'Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers
)'' >> findstr (b,
= ans
37

29

26

19

21

12

)'>> findstr (b, 'p

41

40

38

= ans

30

22

13

)'>> findstr (b, 'cow

= ans
][

,
, ,
,
.

63

 MATLAB

, :
}'?>> C = {'How'; 'about'; 'this for a'; 'cell array of strings
=C
''How
''about
''this for a
'?'cell array of strings
)>> size (C
= ans
1

} { ,
, C ,
.
, :
)>> C (2: 3
= ans
''about
''this for a
)]1

>> C ([4
= ans

'?'cell array of strings

''this for a
''about
''How
)>> C (1
= ans
64

 MATLAB

''How
))>> size (C (1
= ans
1

, ) C (indices
.
:
}>> S = C {4
=S
?cell array of strings
)>> size (s
= ans
1 22
:
)>> C {4} (1: 10
= ans
cell array
char , :
)>> S = char (C
=S
How
about
this for a
?cell array of strings
)>> size (S
= ans
22
65

 MATLAB

cellstr( :
)>> cellstr (S
= ans
''How
''about
''this for a
'?'cell array of strings

66

 MATLAB

:
- 1 : input
(:)1
)' >> x = input ('enter x:
enter x:
( :)2 .
;)'n = input ('enter n:
;)'m = input ('enter m:
for i = 1: n
for j = 1: m
;result (i, j) = i ^ j
;end
;end
( :)3 .
;clc
;clear
;)'z = input ('enter name', 's
string
- 2 ( ):
:
;}'prompt = {'enter x
;}'def = {'20
;'dlgTitle = 'Input for my program
67

MATLAB

lineNo = 1;

answer = inputdlg (prompt, dlgTitle, lineNo, def);

x = str2num (answer {1});

% num string

:
: disp - 1
:)1(
>> d = 15;
>> disp (d);
15
:)2(
>> a = 'ali';
>> disp (a);
ali
:)3(
>> sum = 9.8;
>> disp (['sum = ', num2str (sum)]);
sum = 9.8
:)4(
>> disp ('computer');
computer
:)1(
68

 MATLAB

disp (
).
(:)2
disp (
] [ ( (.)))3
- 2 : msgbox
)'>> msgbox ('ok', 'result

( )

( )3 : fprintf
(:)1
;>> y = 1.2
;>> x = 100.5
;)>> fprintf ('variable x is % 6.3f\n', x
;)>> fprintf ('variable y is % 6.3f\n', y
variable x is 1.200
variable y is 100.500
6 3 .
(:)2
;))>> fprintf ('% 8.3f\n', round (3.8
4.000
(:)1
69

 MATLAB

%c
%d
%e
%f

%i

%o

%s

%x

(:)2

.Command Window

70

 MATLAB

MATLAB ,

).(True/False
MATLAB
True ,False
True .False
,
.

( ) Relational Operators :
:

<

=<

>

=>

==

( =)

=~

,
,
:
(:)1
;>> a = 1; b = 5
>> x = a > b
=x
71

 MATLAB

0
>> A = 1: 9, B = 9 - A
=A
9

4 5

0 1

=B

>> tf = A > 4
= tf
1

A ,4
,A 4 1 .A > 4
)>> tf = (A == B
= tf
0

A .B
:
(=) (==) , (==)
, (=)
.
( :)1 ( )thr (
.)thr
;]2

22

17

>> inddent = [10

;>> thr = 7

)>> y = (indent > thr

=y
0

72

1 0

 MATLAB

( :)2 ( )thr (
.)thr
)>> z = inddent .* (inddent > thr
=z
0

22

17

10

( ) Logical Operators:
,
:MATLAB

&

( AND)

( OR)

( NOT)

:
;>> a = 1
;>> b = 5
>> x = a ~= b
=x
1
)>> b = (1 == 1) & (2 ~= 3
=b
1
)>> b = (1==1) | (2 ~= 3
=b
1
))>> b = (1==1) & not ((2 ~= 3
=b

73

 MATLAB

;>> A = 1: 9; B = 9 - A
>> tf = A > 4
= tf
1

( A 4
)>> tf = ~ (A > 4
= tf
0

, .
)>> tf = (A > 2) & (A < 6
= tf
0

A 2 .6

MATLAB(
, ,
.
.MATLAB

74

 MATLAB

( )

( ') , (^).^ ,
(~)
( * ,).* , ()./ ,/
( ) , ( )-
():
(<) , (=<) , (>),
(=>) , (==), (=~)
(&) AND
(|) OR

IF-ELSE-END
.
MATLAB if-else-end :
if expression
)(commands
end
( )commands

if end

) (expression .true :
;>> x = 10
>> if x == 10
)'disp ('ok
;end
, if-else-end :

if expression
75

MATLAB

(commands evaluated if True)

else
(commands evaluated if False)
end
,true expression
.false expression
: if-else-end ,
if expression1
(commands evaluated if expression1 is true)
elseif expression2
(commands evaluated if expression2 is true)
elseif expression3
(commands evaluated if expression3 is true)
elseif expression4
(commands evaluated if expression4 is true)
.
.
.
else
(commands evaluated if no other expression is true)
end
:
:)1(
>> x = 10;
>> if x == 10
msgbox ('ok', 'result');
:)2(
76

MATLAB

>> if x == 10
msgbox ('ok', 'result');
else
msgbox ('no', 'result');
end;
:)3(
>> x = 11;
>> if x == 1
disp ('1');
elseif x == 2
disp ('2');
else
disp ('3');
end;

SWITCH-CASE
,
: switch-case
switch expression
case test-expression1
(commands1)
case test-expression2
(commands2)
otherwise
(commands3)
end
77

 MATLAB

expression . expression
test-expression1 case .
, ) (commands1 .end
, , expression
test-exoression2 case . ,
) )commands2 .end case
,expression ) )commands3 .otherwise
switch-case
switch-case :
(:)1
;x = 1
switch x
}case {1, 2, 3, 4, 5
;)'disp ('1..5
}case {9, 10
;)'disp ('9..10
otherwise
;)'disp ('this is impossible
;end
1..5

(:)2

;clc
;clear
;n = 3
switch n
}case {0
;m = n + 3
78

MATLAB

case {2}
m = 'ali';
case {3}
m = magic (n);
otherwise
disp ('error');
end;
disp (m);

2
:)3(

x = 2.7;
units = 'm';
switch units
case {'inch', 'in'}
y = x * 2.54;
case {'meter', 'm'}
y = x / 100;
case {'feed', 'ft'}
y = x * 2.54 / 12;
case {'millimeter', 'mm'}
y = x * 10;
case {'centimeter', 'cm'}
y = x;
otherwise
79

MATLAB

disp (['Unknown Units:'

units]);

end;

y = 0.027

80

 MATLAB

MATLAB :

for
for( ,
for :
for i = x1: x3: x2
)(commands
;end
) (commands for end x1
x2 .x3 :
:
>> for n = 1: 10
;)x (n) = sin (n * pi / 10
;end
>> x
=x
Columns 1 through 7
0.8090

0.9511

1.0000

0.9511

0.8090

0.5878

0.3090

Columns 8 through 10
0.0000

0.3090

0.5878

:
n 1 10 end ,
n ,n = 1 n = 2 .n = 10
: 10 (.)1..10
)>> array = randperm (10
= array
81

 MATLAB

10

>> for n = array

;)x (n) = sin (n * pi / 10
;end
>> x
=x
Columns 1 through 7
0.8090

0.9511

1.0000

0.9511

0.8090

0.5878

0.3090

Columns 8 through 10
0.0000

0.3090

0.5878

n ( )1 ( )10 .array
:
for , :
>> for n =1: 5
for m = 5: -1: 1
;A (n, m) = n ^ 2 + m ^ 2
;end
;)disp (n
;end

1
2
3
4
5

>> A
82

MATLAB

A=
2

10

17

26

13

20

29

10 13 18

25

34

17 20 25

32

41

26 29 34

41

51
:

>> for i = 1: 10
disp (i);
end;

1
2
3
.
.
10
>> for i = 0: 2: 10
disp (i);
end;

0
2
4
6
8
10

>> for i = 10: -2: 1

83

 MATLAB

;)disp (i
;end

10
8
6
4
2
>> for i =1: 10
for j = 1: 10

( )

;mult (i, j) = i * j
;end

10
20

9
18

10 12 14 16

12 15 18 21

32

12 16 20 24 28

80

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

24

27 30

3 6 40

90 100

;end

WHILE
while for
, while :
while expression
)(commands
;end
) (commands while end
expression ) ,(true expression .
84

MATLAB

:)1(
>> x = 1;
>> while x < 25
disp (x);

= x + 1;
end;

1
2
3
.
.
24
:)2(

>> num = 0; EPS = 1;

>> while (1 + EPS) > 1
EPS = EPS / 2;
num = num + 1;
end;
>> num
num =
53

85

 MATLAB

:
for while:
( for )while
;s = 0

;s = 0

;x = 1

for i = 1: 100

while x < 100

;s = s + i

;s = s + x

if s > 250

if s > 250

;break
;end

;break

;end

;end
;x = x + 5
;end

x = 51

i = 22

s = 286

s = 253

:
break
.

86

 MATLAB

MATLAB
,MATLAB
,MATLAB save :
>> save
) (Workspace
matlab.mat . ,
,MATLAB , ,
MAT-files ,
,MATLAB
.
save :
var3

var2

var1

>> save

var1 var2 var3 ,matlab.mat

save :
var3

var2

:
var3

var1
var2,

filename

>> save

var1,

.filename.mat
load save save
:
>> load
matlab.mat
.MATLAB
matlab.mat ,
.
) (MAT-file
:
87

 MATLAB

>> load filename var1, var2, var3

filename.mat var1, var2, var3 .

88

 MATLAB

,
MATLAB ,
:
;)>> a = rand (2, 5
;)>> b = rand (2, 5
)>> isequal (a, b
= ans
0
)>> isequal (a, a
= ans
1
unique :
]>> a = [2: 2: 8; 4: 2: 10
=a
8

10

)>> unique (a
= ans
2
4
6
8
10
ismember :

89

 MATLAB

>> a = 1: 9
=a
8

>> b = 2: 2: 9
=b
8

)>> ismember (a, b

= ans
0

)>> ismember (b, a

= ans
1

union .
)>> union (a, b
= ans
9

intersect .
)>> intersect (a, b
= ans
8

setdiff .
)>> setdiff (a, b
= ans
9
:
.

90

 MATLAB

, (
.
)>> bitand (3, 4
= ans
0
)>> bitor (3, 4
= ans
7
)>> bitxor (13, 27
= ans
22
21

)>> bitcmp (20, 5

= ans
11

31 1

)>> bitset (30, 1

= ans

31

31

)>> bitget (30, 1

= ans

()

)>> bitshift (3, 2

= ans
12

()

)>> bitshift (12, -2

= ans
3

;]9
91

4 ; 3

>> z = [7

 MATLAB

)>> circshift (z, 1

= ans
9

MATLAB

dec2bin ,bin2dec :
)>> a = dec2bin (17
= ans
10001
)>> class (a
= ans
char
)>> bin2dec (a
= ans
17
)>> class (ans

= ans
double
)>> dec2bin (17, 6
= ans
01001

( )16
hex2dec dec2hex :
)>> a = dec2hex (2047
=a
92

MATLAB

7FF
>> dec2hex (2047, 4)
ans =
07FF
>> class (a)
ans =
char
>> hex2dec (a)
ans =
2047

>> class (ans)

ans =
double

93

 MATLAB

.MATLAB :

;)[out1, out2,, outn] = function_name (input1, input2,...,inputn

:

(:)1
;]>> x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

;]>> y = [11, 12, 13, 2, 9, 70

;)>> avgx = average1 (x
;)>> avgy = average1 (y
;)function result = average1 (z

()

;)L = length (z
;)sum1 = sum (z
;result = sum1 / L
>> avgx
= avgx
4.5000
>> avgy
= avgy
19.5000

94

MATLAB

:)2(

>> res1 = mult2 (x);

>> res2 = mult2 (y);

function result = mult2 (x);

result = 2 * x;

) (

>> res1
res1 =
2

10

12

14

16

>> res2
res2 =
22

24

26

18

140
:)3(

>> [sin_x, cos_x, x_2] = multf (x);

>> [sin_y, cos_y, y_2] = multf (y);

function [x1, x2, x3] = multf (x);

x1 = sin (x);
) (

x2 = cos (x);
x3 = 2 * x;
>> plot (sin_x)

95

 MATLAB

:
- 1
.
- 2 (=)
.
:
;)function y = myfunction (a, b
------------------ myfunction.m
- 3 ).(end
- 4 .
- 5 .
- 6 .

96

 MATLAB

MATLAB
,
, .

plot
( .
(:)1
;]x = [1: 0.5: 10
( y)

;)y = exp (x
x, y

)plot (x, y

(:)2
;x = 1: 10
)plot (x
:
( ) plot
( )x, x .
(:)3
;] [ = y
for i = 1: 10
;)y (i) = exp (i
;end
;)plot (y
(:)4
;] [ = y
for i = 1: 10
;])y = [y exp (i
97

MATLAB

end;
plot (y);
:)5(
.(graph)
clc;
clear;
x = 0: pi / 100: 2 * pi;
y = sin (x);
plot (x, y);
legend ('sin (x)');

xlabel ('x = 0: 2: pi');

ylabel ('sin (x) cos (x)');

title ('plot sin cos function');

) (

:)6(
plot (x, sin (x), x, cos (x));

98

 MATLAB

(:)7
;)'* plot (x, sin (x), 'r: +', x, cos (x), 'b:
) cos (x )sin (x

99

 MATLAB

:
:
;)'text (x, y, 'string

plot3

plot ,plot3 plot

. :
;)plot3 (x1, y1, z1, s1, x2, y2, z2, s2,

( )
:
;)t = linspace (0, 10 * pi, 100
;)plot3 (sin (t), cos (t), t
;)')xlabel ('sin (t
;)')ylabel ('cos (t
;)'zlabel ('t
;)'text (0, 0, 0, 'origin

100

grid on

 MATLAB

figure , subplot (m,
) n, p m*n p .
,
, :
:
;)x = linspace (0, 2 * pi, 30
;)y = sin (x
;)z = cos (x
;)a = 2 * sin (x) .* cos (x
;)b = sin (x) ./ (cos (x) + eps
;)subplot (2, 2, 1
;)'1]); title ('Figure1

-1

2 * pi

;)'1]); title ('Figure2

-1

2 * pi

;)'1]); title ('Figure3

-1

2 * pi

plot (x, y); axis ([0

;)subplot (2, 2, 2
plot (x, z); axis ([0
;)subplot (2, 2, 3
plot (x, a); axis ([0
;)subplot (2, 2, 4

;)'20]); title ('Figure4

101

-20

2 * pi

plot (x, b); axis ([0

 MATLAB

,
surf :
(:)1
;)z] = peaks (30

[x

;)surf (x, y, z
;)'xlabel ('x-axis
;)'ylabel ('y-axis
;)'zlabel ('z-axis

(:)2
for i = 1: 10
for j =1: 10
;mult (i, j) = i * j
;end
;end
( (
:
:

102

)surf (mult

MATLAB

bar
bar chart
:
x = -2.9: 0.2: 2.9;
bar (x, exp (-x .* x));

hist
histogram
:
x = -2.9: 0.1: 2.9;
y = randn (10000, 1);
hist (y, x);

103

MATLAB

pie
pie chart
:
x = [1

0.5

explode = [0

2.5
0

2];
0

0];

pie (x, explode);

. :
clear;
clc;
corr = [0.0012, 0.0208, 0.0633, 0.1391];
amount = [1, 2, 3, 4];
subplot (211);
plot (amount, corr, '--rs');
title ('Cipher-image VS Amount of Encrypted Data');

xlabel ('Amount of Encrypted Data');

ylabel ('Cipher-image Correlation');

104