CAC/GL 36-1989

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CLASS NAMES AND THE INTERNATIONAL NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR FOOD ADDITIVES CAC/GL 36-1989 SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION Background The International Numbering System for Food Additives (INS) is intended as a harmonised naming system for food additives as an alternative to the use of the specific name, which may be lengthy. Inclusion in the INS does not imply approval by Codex for use as food additives. The list may include those additives that have not been evaluated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The INS does not include flavourings, which have a JECFA number as identifier, chewing gum bases, and dietetic and nutritive additives. Enzymes which function as food additives have been included in an 1100 series. Explanatory notes on the lay-out of the INS The INS in numerical order (Section 3) is set out in three columns giving the identification number, the name of the food additive and the technological purposes. The identification number usually consists of three or four digits such as 100 for curcumins and 1001 for choline salts and esters. However, in some instances the number is followed by an alphabetical suffix, for example, 150a identifies Caramel I plain caramel and 150b identifies Caramel II - sulfite caramel. The alphabetical designations are included in order to further characterize the different classes of additives (e.g. caramel produced by different processes). Under the column listing the name of the food additive, some additives are further subdivided by numerical subscripts. For example, curcumins are subdivided into (i) curcumin and (ii) turmeric. These identifications identify sub-classes (in this case of curcumins) which are covered by separate Codex specifications. The name of the food additive is sometimes followed by an additional name in parentheses. The parenthetical name is optional, and may be used, when necessary, to indicate another commonly associated name or synonym for the additive, for example INS 235 Natamycin (Pimaricin). Not all synonyms are listed. The name of an additive is sometimes, after a comma, followed by a description of the additive, for example INS 161h(i) Zeaxanthin, synthetic. The various technological purposes of the food additives are included in the INS in a third column. The purposes listed are indicative rather than exhaustive. The technological purposes are grouped under more descriptive functional class titles which are intended to be meaningful to consumers. These are listed in Section 2 along with simple definitions of the function performed. A single food additive can often be used for a range of technological purposes in a food and it remains the responsibility of the manufacturer to declare the most descriptive functional class in the list of ingredients. In preparing the INS in numerical order, an effort has been made to group food additives with similar purposes together. However, because of the extension of the list and its open nature, most of the three digit numbers have already been allocated. Consequently, the positioning of a food additive in the list can no longer be taken as an indication of the purpose, although this will often be the case. The food additives that have been allocated an ADI by JECFA, may be http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/agns/jecfa_index_en.asp and http://www.who.int/ipcs/food/jecfa/en/ found at:

JECFA specifications adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission are listed in CAC/MISC 6 Codex Specifications for Food Additives that can be found on Codex website: http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/9/CXA_006e.pdf The open nature of the list Because of its primary purpose of identification, the INS is an open list subject to the inclusion of additional additives or removal of existing ones on an ongoing basis.

Adopted in 1989, Revision 2008. Section 3 and 4 International Numbering System for Food Additives are regularly updated. Last amendment 2011.

CAC/GL 36-1989

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SECTION 2 TABLE OF FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, DEFINITIONS AND TECHNOLOGICAL PURPOSES

FUNCTIONAL CLASSES 1. Acidity regulator

DEFINITION A food additive, which controls the acidity or alkalinity of a food. A food additive, which reduces the tendency of components of food to adhere to one another. A food additive, which prevents or reduces foaming. A food additive, which prolongs the shelflife of foods by protecting against deterioration caused by oxidation. A food additive (non-flour use) used to decolourize food. Bleaching agents do not include pigments. A food additive, which contributes to the bulk of a food without contributing significantly to its available energy value. A food additive used to provide carbonation in a food. A food additive used to dissolve, dilute, disperse or otherwise physically modify a food additive or nutrient without altering its function (and without exerting any technological effect itself) in order to facilitate its handling, application or use of the food additive or nutrient. A food additive, which adds or restores colour in a food. A food additive, which stabilizes, retains or intensifies the colour of a food. A food additive, which forms or maintains a uniform emulsion of two or more phases in a food.

TECHNOLOGICAL PURPOSE

acidity regulator, acid, acidifier, alkali, base, buffer, buffering agent, pH adjusting agent anticaking agent, anti-stick agent, drying agent, dusting agent antifoaming agent agent, defoaming

2. Anticaking agent

3. Antifoaming agent 4. Antioxidant

antioxidant, antioxidant synergist, antibrowning agent bleaching agent

5. Bleaching agent

6. Bulking agent

bulking agent, filler

7. Carbonating agent 8. Carrier

carbonating agent carrier, carrier solvent, nutrient carrier, diluent for other food additives, encapsulating agent

9. Colour 10. Colour retention agent 11. Emulsifier

colour, decorative pigment, surface colourant colour retention agent, colour fixative, colour stabilizer, colour adjunct emulsifier, plasticizer, dispersing agent, surface active agent, crystallization inhibitor, density adjustment agent (flavouring oils in beverages), suspension agent, clouding agent emulsifying salt, melding salt

12. Emulsifying salt

A food additive, which, in the manufacture of processed food, rearranges proteins in order to prevent fat separation. A food additive, which makes or keeps tissues of fruit or vegetables firm and crisp, or interacts with gelling agents to produce or strengthen a gel.

13. Firming agent

firming agent

CAC/GL 36-1989
FUNCTIONAL CLASSES 14. Flavour enhancer 15. Flour treatment agent DEFINITION A food additive, which enhances the existing taste and/or odour of a food. A food additive, which is added to flour or dough to improve its baking quality or colour. A food additive, which makes it possible to form or maintain a uniform dispersion of a gaseous phase in a liquid or solid food. A food additive, which gives a food texture through formation of a gel. A food additive, which when applied to the external surface of a food, imparts a shiny appearance or provides a protective coating. A food additive, which prevents food from drying out by counteracting the effect of a dry atmosphere. A food additive gas, which is introduced into a container before, during or after filling with food with the intention to protect the food, for example, from oxidation or spoilage. A food additive, which prolongs the shelflife of a food by protecting against deterioration caused by microorganisms.

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TECHNOLOGICAL PURPOSE

flavour enhancer, flavour synergist flour treatment agent, flour bleaching agent, flour improver, dough conditioner, dough strengthening agent foaming agent, whipping agent, aerating agent gelling agent glazing agent, sealing agent, coating agent, surface-finishing agent, polishing agent, filmforming agent humectant, moisture-retention agent, wetting agent packaging gas

16. Foaming agent

17. Gelling agent 18. Glazing agent

19. Humectant

20. Packaging gas

21. Preservative

preservative, antimicrobial preservative, antimycotic agent, bacteriophage control agent, fungistatic agent, antimould and antirope agent, antimicrobial synergist propellant raising agent

22. Propellant 23. Raising agent

A food additive gas, which expels a food from a container. A food additive or a combination of food additives, which liberate(s) gas and thereby increase(s) the volume of a dough or batter. A food additive, which controls the availability of a cation. A food additive, which makes it possible to maintain a uniform dispersion of two or more components. A food additive (other than a mono- or disaccharide sugar), which imparts a sweet taste to a food. A food additive, which increases the viscosity of a food.

24. Sequestrant 25. Stabilizer

sequestrant stabilizer, foam stabilizer, colloidal stabilizer, emulsion stabilizer sweetener, intense sweetener, bulk sweetener thickener, bodying agent, binder, texturizing agent

26. Sweetener

27. Thickener

CAC/GL 36-1989
SECTION 3 INTERNATIONAL NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR FOOD ADDITIVES List in numerical order INS No. 100 100(i) 100(ii) 101 101(i) 101(ii) 101(iii) 102 103 104 107 110 120 121 122 123 124 125 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 140 141 141(i) 141(ii) 142 143 150 150a 150b 150c 150d 151 152 153 154 155 160a 160a (i) 160a(ii) 160a(iii) 160a(iv) Name of Food Additive Curcumins Curcumin Turmeric Riboflavins Riboflavin, synthetic Riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium Riboflavin from Bacillus subtilis Tartarzine Alkanet Quinoline yellow Yellow 2G Sunset yellow FCF Carmines Citrus red No. 2 Azorubine (Carmoisine) Amaranth Ponceau 4R (Cochineal red A) Ponceau SX Erythrosine Red 2G Allura red AC Manascorubin Patent blue V Indigotine (Indigo carmine) Brilliant blue FCF Chlorophylls Chlorophylls and chlorophyllins, copper complexes Chlorophylls, copper complexes Chlorophyllins, copper complexes, potassium and sodium salts Green S Fast Green FCF Caramels Caramel I plain caramel Caramel II - sulfite caramel Caramel III - ammonia caramel Caramel IV - sulfite ammonia caramel Brilliant black (Black PN) Carbon black (Hydrocarbon) Vegetable carbon Brown FK Brown HT Carotenes Carotenes, beta-, synthetic Carotenes, beta-, vegetable Carotenes, beta-, Blakeslea trispora Carotenes, beta-, algae Technological purpose colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour

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CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 160b 160b(i) 160b(ii) 160c 160d 160d(i) 160d(ii) 160d(iii) 160e 160f 161a 161b 161b(i) 161b(ii) 161c 161d 161e 161f 161g 161h 161h(i) 161h(ii) 162 163 163(ii) 163(iii) 163(iv) 163(v) 164 165 166 170 170(i) Name of Food Additive Annatto extracts Annatto extracts, bixin-based Annatto extracts, norbixin-based Paprika oleoresin Lycopenes Lycopene, synthetic Lycopene, tomato Lycopene , Blakeslea trispora Carotenal, beta-apo-8Carotenoic acid, ethyl ester, beta-apo-8'Flavoxanthin Luteins Lutein from Tagetes erecta Tagetes extract Kryptoxanthin Rubixanthin Violoxanthin Rhodoxanthin Canthaxanthin Zeaxanthins Zeaxanthin, synthetic Zeaxanthin-rich extract from Tagetes erecta Beet red Anthocyanins Grape skin extract Blackcurrant extract Purple corn colour Red cabbage colour Gardenia yellow Gardenia blue Sandalwood Calcium carbonates Calcium carbonate Technological purpose colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour acidity regulator anticaking agent stabilizer surface colourant acidity regulator anticaking agent stabilizer surface colourant colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour colour emulsifier stabilizer thickener

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170(ii)

Calcium hydrogen carbonate

171 172 172(i) 172(ii) 172(iii) 173 174 175 180 181

Titanium dioxide Iron oxides Iron oxide, black Iron oxide, red Iron oxide, yellow Aluminium Silver Gold, metallic Lithol rupine BK Tannic acid (Tannins)

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 182 200 201 202 203 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 Name of Food Additive Orchil Sorbic acid Sodium sorbate Potassium sorbate Calcium sorbate Heptyl para-hydroxybenzoate Benzoic acid Sodium benzoate Potassium benzoate Calcium benzoate Ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate Propyl para-hydroxybenzoate Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate Methyl para-hydroxybenzoate Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate Sulfur dioxide Sodium sulfite Sodium hydrogen sulfite Sodium metabisulfite Technological purpose colour preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant bleaching agent flour treatment agent preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative colour fixative preservative colour fixative preservative

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224 225 226 227 228 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 249 250

Potassium metabisulfite Potassium sulfite Calcium sulfite Calcium hydrogen sulfite Potassium bisulfite Diphenyl Ortho-phenylphenol Sodium ortho-phenylphenol Thiabendazole Nisin Natamycin (Pimaricin) Formic acid Sodium formate Calcium formate Hexamethylene tetramine Formaldehyde Gum guaicum Dimethyl dicarbonate Lauric arginate ethyl ester Potassium nitrite Sodium nitrite

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 251 252 260 261 261(i) 261(ii) 262 262(i) Name of Food Additive Sodium nitrate Potassium nitrate Acetic acid, glacial Potassium acetates Potassium acetate Potassium diacetate Sodium acetates Sodium acetate Technological purpose colour fixative preservative colour fixative preservative acidity regulator preservative acidity regulator preservative acidity regulator preservative acidity regulator preservative sequestrant acidity regulator preservative sequestrant acidity regulator preservative stabilizer acidity regulator preservative preservative acidity regulator preservative preservative preservative preservative carbonating agent packaging gas preservative propellant acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator antioxidant flour treatment agent antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant

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262(ii)

Sodium diacetate

263

Calcium acetate

264 265 266 270 280 281 282 283 290

Ammonium acetate Dehydroacetic acid Sodium dehydroacetate Lactic acid, L-, D- and DLPropionic acid Sodium propionate Calcium propionate Potassium propionate Carbon dioxide

296 297 300

Malic acid, DLFumaric acid Ascorbic acid, L-

301 302 303 304 305 307 307a 307b 307c 308 309 310 311 312 313 314

Sodium ascorbate Calcium ascorbate Potassium ascorbate Ascorbyl palmitate Ascorbyl stearate Tocopherols Tocopherol, d-alphaTocopherol concentrate, mixed Tocopherol, dl-alphaTocopherol, gamma-, synthetic Tocopherol, delta-, synthetic Propyl gallate Octyl gallate Dodecyl gallate Ethyl gallate Guaiac resin

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 322(i) 322(ii) 323 324 325 Name of Food Additive Erythorbic acid (Isoascorbic acid) Sodium erythorbate (Sodium isoascorbate) Potassium isoascorbate Calcium isoascorbate Tertiary butylhydroquinone Butylated hydroxyanisole Butylated hydroxytoluene Lecithins Lecithin Lecithin, partially hydrolysed Anoxomer Ethoxyquin Sodium lactate Technological purpose antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant emulsifier antioxidant emulsifier antioxidant antioxidant acidity regulator antioxidant synergist bodying agent bulking agent humectant acidity regulator antioxidant synergist acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator antioxidant sequestrant acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant stabilizer

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326 327 328 329 330

Potassium lactate Calcium lactate Ammonium lactate Magnesium lactate, DLCitric acid

331 331(i)

Sodium citrates Sodium dihydrogen citrate

331(ii)

Disodium monohydrogen citrate

331(iii)

Trisodium citrate

332 332(i)

Potassium citrates Potassium dihydrogen citrate

332(ii)

Tripotassium citrate

333 333(i)

Calcium citrates Monocalcium citrate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 333(ii) Name of Food Additive Dicalcium citrate Technological purpose acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator antioxidant synergist sequestrant acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator antioxidant synergist sequestrant acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent texturizing agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator antimicrobial synergist emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent stabilizer sequestrant texturizing agent

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333(iii)

Tricalcium citrate

334

Tartaric acid, L(+)-

335 335 (i)

Sodium tartrates Monosodium tartrate

335(ii)

Sodium L(+)-tartrate

336 336(i)

Potassium tartrates Monopotassium tartrate

336(ii)

Dipotassium tartrate

337

Potassium sodium L(+)-tartrate

338

Phosphoric acid

339 339(i)

Sodium phosphates Sodium dihydrogen phosphate

339(ii)

Disodium hydrogen phosphate

339(iii)

Trisodium phosphate

340

Potassium phosphates

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 340(i) Name of Food Additive Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier humectants moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator anticaking agent dough conditioner flour treatment agent firming agent humectant moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator anticaking agent dough conditioner firming agent flour treatment agent humectants moisture-retention agent raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator anticaking agent buffer clouding agent firming agent flour treatment agent humectant moisture-retention agent raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator flour treatment agent

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340(ii)

Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate

340(iii)

Tripotassium phosphate

341 341(i)

Calcium phosphates Calcium dihydrogen phosphate

341(ii)

Calcium hydrogen phosphate

341(iii)

Tricalcium phosphate

342 342(i)

Ammonium phosphates Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 342(ii) 343 343(i) 343(ii) 343(iii) 344 345 349 350 350(i) 350(ii) 351 351(i) 351(ii) 352 352(i) 352(ii) 353 354 355 356 357 359 363 364 364(i) 364(ii) 365 366 367 368 370 375 380 381 383 Name of Food Additive Diammonium hydrogen phosphate Magnesium phosphates Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate Magnesium hydrogen phosphate Trimagnesium phosphate Lecithin citrate Magnesium citrate Ammonium malate Sodium malates Sodium hydrogen DL-malate Sodium DL-malate Potassium malates Potassium hydrogen malate Potassium malate Calcium malates Calcium hydrogen malate Calcium malate, D,LMetatartaric acid Calcium tartrate, DLAdipic acid Sodium adipates Potassium adipates Ammonium adipates Succinic acid Sodium succinates Monosodium succinate Disodium succinate Sodium fumarates Potassium fumarates Calcium fumarates Ammonium fumarate Heptonolactone, 1,4Nicotinic acid Triammonium citrate Ferric ammonium citrate Calcium glycerophosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator anticaking agent acidity regulator anticaking agent acidity regulator anticaking agent preservative acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator humectant acidity regulator humectant acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator flavour enhancer acidity regulator flavour enhancer acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator sequestrant colour retention agent acidity regulator anticaking agent gelling agent stabilizer thickener antioxidant preservative sequestrant antioxidant colour retention agent preservative sequestrant

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384

Isopropyl citrates

385

Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 386 Name of Food Additive Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate Technological purpose antioxidant preservative sequestrant antioxidant sequestrant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant preservative antioxidant stabilizer bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener

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387 388 389 390 391 392 399 400

Oxystearin Thiodipropionic acid Dilauryl thiodipropionate Distearyl thiodipropionate Phytic acid Rosemary extract Calcium lactobionate Alginic acid

401

Sodium alginate

402

Potassium alginate

403

Ammonium alginate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 404 Name of Food Additive Calcium alginate Technological purpose antifoaming agent bulking agent carrier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant thickener stabilizer sequestrant bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier coating agent emulsifier glazing agent gelling agent humectant stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier coating agent emulsifier gelling agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier coating agent emulsifier gelling agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer thickener gelling agent stabilizer thickener gelling agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier stabilizer thickener stabilizer thickener emulsifier stabilizer thickener

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405

Propylene glycol alginate

406

Agar

407

Carrageenan

407a

Processed euchema seaweed (PES)

408

Bakers yeast glycan

409

Arabinogalactan

410

Carob bean gum

411 412

Oat gum Guar gum

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 413 Name of Food Additive Tragacanth gum Technological purpose emulsifier stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier emulsifier glazing agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier foaming agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier stabilizer thickener gelling agent stabilizer thickener stabilizer thickener emulsifier stabilizer thickener bulking agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer sweetener bulking agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer sweetener anticaking agent bulking agent humectant stabilizer sweetener bodying agent humectant emulsifier firming agent gelling agent stabilizer thickener carrier emulsifier gelling agent glazing agent humectants stabilizer thickener anticaking agent emulsifier stabilizer thickener

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414

Gum arabic (Acacia gum)

415

Xanthan gum

416

Karaya gum

417

Tara gum

418 419

Gellan gum Gum ghatti

420 420(i)

Sorbitols Sorbitol

420(ii)

Sorbitol syrup

421

Mannitol

422 423 424

Glycerol Octenyl succinic acid (OSA) modified gum arabic Curdlan

425

Konjac flour

426

Soybean hemicellulose

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 427 Name of Food Additive Cassia gum Technological purpose emulsifier gelling agent stabilizer thickener carrier emulsifier gelling agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier emulsifier gelling agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer density adjustment agent emulsifier density adjustment agent emulsifier density adjustment agent emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier acidity regulator buffering agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier raising agent moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent

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428

Gelatin

429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 440

Peptones Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate Pectins

441 442 443 444 445 445(i) 445(ii) 445(iii)

Superglycerinated hydrogenated rapeseed oil Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid Brominated vegetable oils Sucrose acetate isobutyrate Glycerol esters of rosin Glycerol ester of gum rosin Glycerol ester of tall oil rosin Glycerol ester of wood rosin

446 450 450(i)

Succistearin Diphosphates Disodium diphosphate

450(ii)

Trisodium diphosphate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 450(iii) Name of Food Additive Tetrasodium diphosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator buffering agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator buffering agent emulsifier firming agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator dough conditioner emulsifier firming agent raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent raising agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent

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450(iv)

Dipotassium diphosphate

450(v)

Tetrapotassium diphosphate

450(vi)

Dicalcium diphosphate

450(vii)

Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate

450(viii)

Dimagnesium diphosphate

450(ix) 451 451(i)

Magnesium dihydrogen diphosphate Triphosphates Pentasodium triphosphate

451(ii)

Pentapotassium triphosphate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 452 452(i) Name of Food Additive Polyphosphates Sodium polyphosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer binder stabilizer binder stabilizer binder carrier stabilizer anticaking agent bulking agent carrier coating agent dispersing agent emulsifier foaming agent glazing agent stabilizer texturizing agent thickener

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452(ii)

Potassium polyphosphate

452(iii)

Sodium calcium polyphosphate

452(iv)

Calcium polyphosphate

452(v)

Ammonium polyphosphate

452(vi)

Sodium potassium tripolyphosphate

457 458 459

Cyclodextrin, alphaCyclodextrin, gammaCyclodextrin, beta-

460 460(i)

Celluloses Microcrystalline cellulose (Cellulose gel)

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 460(ii) Name of Food Additive Powdered cellulose

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461

462

463

464

465

466

467

468 469

Technological purpose anticaking agent bulking agent coating agent dispersing agent emulsifier glazing agent humectant texturizing agent stabilizer thickener Methyl cellulose bulking agent coating agent emulsifier glazing agent stabilizer thickener Ethyl cellulose binder coating agent diluent for other food additives filler glazing agent thickener Hydroxypropyl cellulose binder coating agent emulsifier film-forming agent foaming agent glazing agent stabilizer suspension agent thickener Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose bulking agent coating agent emulsifier glazing agent stabilizer thickener Methyl ethyl cellulose emulsifier foaming agent stabilizer thickener Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cellulose gum) bulking agent coating agent emulsifier firming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer suspension agent thickener Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose emulsifier stabilizer thickener Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cross- binder linked cellulose gum) stabilizer Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, enzymatically thickener hydrolysed (Cellulose gum, enzymatically hydrolyzed) stabilizer

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 470 470(i) Name of Food Additive Salts of fatty acids, with base aluminium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium Salts of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids with ammonia, calcium, potassium and sodium Technological purpose

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470(ii)

470(iii)

471

472a

472b

472c

472d

472e

472g

473 473a 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 481(i) 481(ii) 482 482(i)

anticaking agent emulsifier stabilizer Salts of oleic acid with calcium, potassium and sodium anticaking agent emulsifier stabilizer Magnesium stearate anticaking agent binder emulsifier Mono- and di- glycerides of fatty acids antifoaming agent emulsifier stabilizer Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer Lactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer Citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol antioxidant synergist dough conditioner emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer Tartaric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty emulsifier acids sequestrant stabilizer Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer Succinylated monoglycerides emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer Sucrose esters of fatty acids emulsifier stabilizer Sucrose oligoesters, type I and type II emulsifier stabilizer Sucroglycerides emulsifier Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids emulsifier Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid emulsifier Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids emulsifier Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene emulsifier glycol Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- emulsifier and diglycerides of fatty acids Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate emulsifier wetting agent Sodium lactylates Sodium stearoyl lactylate emulsifier stabilizer Sodium oleyl lactylate emulsifier stabilizer Calcium lactylates Calcium stearoyl lactylate emulsifier

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 482(ii) 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 491 492 493 494 495 496 500 500(i) Name of Food Additive Calcium oleyl lactylate Stearyl tartrate Stearyl citrate Sodium stearoyl fumarate Calcium stearoyl fumarate Sodium laurylsulfate Ethoxylated mono- and di-glycerides Methyl glucoside-coconut oil ester Sorbitan monostearate Sorbitan tristearate Sorbitan monolaurate Sorbitan monooleate Sorbitan monopalmitate Sorbitan trioleate Sodium carbonates Sodium carbonate Technological purpose emulsifier stabilizer flour treatment agent emulsifier sequestrant emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier acidity regulator anticaking agent raising agent acidity regulator anticaking agent raising agent acidity regulator anticaking agent raising agent acidity regulator stabilizer acidity regulator stabilizer acidity regulator raising agent acidity regulator raising agent acidity regulator anticaking agent colour retention agent acidity regulator anticaking agent carrier colour retention agent drying agent acidity regulator acidity regulator gelling agent flavour enhancer stabilizer thickener

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500(ii)

Sodium hydrogen carbonate

500(iii)

Sodium sesquicarbonate

501 501(i) 501(ii) 503 503(i) 503(ii) 504 504(i)

Potassium carbonates Potassium carbonate Potassium hydrogen carbonate Ammonium carbonates Ammonium carbonate Ammonium hydrogen carbonate Magnesium carbonates Magnesium carbonate

504(ii)

Magnesium hydroxide carbonate

505 507 508

Ferrous carbonate Hydrochloric acid Potassium chloride

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 509 Name of Food Additive Calcium chloride Technological purpose firming agent stabilizer thickener flour treatment agent colour retention agent firming agent stabilizer antioxidant colour retention agent acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator firming agent flour treatment agent sequestrant stabilizer flour treatment agent stabilizer firming agent flavour enhancer colour fixative preservative firming agent firming agent acidity regulator stabilizer firming agent stabilizer acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator firming agent acidity regulator acidity regulator colour retention agent acidity regulator dough conditioner flour treatment agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent antibrowning agent antioxidant sequestrant

Page 21 of 55

510 511

Ammonium chloride Magnesium chloride

512 513 514 514(i) 514(ii) 515 515(i) 515(ii) 516

Stannous chloride Sulfuric acid Sodium sulfates Sodium sulfate Sodium hydrogen sulfate Potassium sulfates Potassium sulfate Potassium hydrogen sulfate Calcium sulfate

517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529

Ammonium sulfate Magnesium sulfate Cupric sulfate Aluminium sulfate Aluminium sodium sulfate Aluminium potassium sulfate Aluminium ammonium sulfate Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Calcium oxide

530 535 536 537 538 539

Magnesium oxide Sodium ferrocyanide Potassium ferrocyanide Ferrous hexacyanomanganate Calcium ferrocyanide Sodium thiosulfate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 541 541(i) Name of Food Additive Sodium aluminium phosphates Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic Technological purpose acidity regulator emulsifier raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier stabilizer texturizing agent anticaking agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent dusting agent anticaking agent dusting agent anticaking agent coating agent dusting agent surface-finishing agent texturizing agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent anticaking agent antifoaming agent foam stabilizer glazing agent acidity regulator raising agent acidity regulator raising agent sequestrant sequestrant stabilizer thickener acidity regulator sequestrant acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant colour retention agent acidity regulator firming agent flavour enhancer colour retention agent

Page 22 of 55

541(ii)

Sodium aluminium phosphate, basic

542

Bone phosphate

550 550(i) 550(ii) 551 552 553 553(i) 553(ii) 553(iii)

Sodium silicates Sodium silicate Sodium metasilicate Silicon dioxide, amorphous Calcium silicate Magnesium silicates Magnesium silicate, synthetic Magnesium trisilicate Talc

554 555 556 557 558 559 560 570

Sodium aluminosilicate Potassium aluminium silicate Calcium aluminium silicate Zinc silicate Bentonite Aluminium silicate Potassium silicate Fatty acids

574 575

Gluconic acid, DGlucono delta-lactone

576

Sodium gluconate

577 578

Potassium gluconate Calcium gluconate

579 580

Ferrous gluconate Magnesium gluconate

585

Ferrous lactate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 586 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 650 900a Name of Food Additive Hexylresorcinol, 4Glutamic acid, L(+)Monosodium L-glutamate Monopotassium L-glutamate Calcium di-L-glutamate Monoammonium L-glutamate Magnesium di-L-glutamate Guanylic acid, 5Disodium 5-guanylate Dipotassium 5-guanylate Calcium 5-guanylate Inosinic acid, 5Disodium 5-inosinate Potassium 5-inosinate Calcium 5-inosinate Calcium 5-ribonucleotides Disodium 5-ribonucleotides Maltol Ethyl maltol Sodium L-aspartate Alanine, DLGlycine Leucine, LLysin hydrochloride Zinc acetate Polydimethylsiloxane Technological purpose antioxidant colour retention agent flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer anticaking agent antifoaming agent emulsifier antifoaming agent clouding agent glazing agent clouding agent glazing agent acidity regulator bulking agent carrier glazing agent coating agent glazing agent surface-finishing agent glazing agent sealing agent antifoaming agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent glazing agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent

Page 23 of 55

900b 901 902 903

Methylphenylpolysiloxane Beeswax Candelilla wax Carnauba wax

904

Shellac, bleached

905a 905b

Mineral oil, food grade Petroleum jelly (Petrolatum)

905c 905c(i) 905c(ii) 905d 905e

Petroleum wax Microcrystalline wax Paraffin wax Mineral oil, high viscosity Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity, class I

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 905f 905g 906 907 908 909 910 911 913 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924a 924b 925 926 927a 927b 928 929 930 940 941 942 Name of Food Additive Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity, class II Technological purpose glazing agent sealing agent Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity, class III glazing agent sealing agent Benzoin gum glazing agent Hydrogenated poly-1-decenes glazing agent Rice bran wax glazing agent Spermaceti wax glazing agent Wax esters glazing agent Methyl esters of fatty acids glazing agent Lanolin glazing agent Glycerol, methyl, or pentaerithrytol esters of colophane glazing agent Calcium iodate flour treatment agent Potassium iodate flour treatment agent Nitrogen oxides flour treatment agent Nitrosyl chloride flour treatment agent Cysteine, L- and its hydrochlorides sodium and flour treatment agent potassium salts Cystine, L-and its hydrochlorides sodium and flour treatment agent potassium salts Potassium persulfate flour treatment agent Ammonium persulfate flour treatment agent Potassium bromate flour treatment agent Calcium bromate flour treatment agent Chlorine flour bleaching agent Chlorine dioxide flour treatment agent Azodicarbonamide flour treatment agent Urea (Carbamide) flour treatment agent Benzoyl peroxide flour treatment agent preservative Acetone peroxide flour treatment agent Calcium peroxide flour treatment agent Dichlorodifluormethane propellant Nitrogen packaging gas propellant Nitrous oxide antioxidant foaming agent packaging gas propellant Butane propellant Isobutane propellant Propane propellant Chloropentafluorethane propellant Octafluorcyclobutane propellant Hydrogen packaging gas Acesulfame potassium flavour enhancer sweetener Aspartame flavour enhancer sweetener Cyclamates Cyclamic acid sweetener Calcium cyclamate sweetener Sodium cyclamate sweetener

Page 24 of 55

943a 943b 944 945 946 949 950 951 952 952(i) 952(ii) 952(iv)

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 953 Name of Food Additive Isomalt (Hydrogenated isomaltulose) Technological purpose anticaking agent bulking agent glazing agent sweetener sweetener sweetener sweetener sweetener sweetener sweetener flavour enhancer sweetener flavour enhancer sweetener sweetener sweetener flavour enhancer sweetener sweetener sweetener sweetener bulking agent emulsifier humectant sweetener stabilizer bulking agent emulsifier humectant stabilizer sweetener emulsifier sweetener texturizing agent emulsifier humectant stabilizer sweetener thickener flavour enhancer humectant sweetener emulsifier foaming agent emulsifier foaming agent emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier

Page 25 of 55

954 954(i) 954(ii) 954(iii) 954(iv) 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 965(i)

Saccharins Saccharin Calcium saccharin Potassium saccharin Sodium saccharin Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose) Alitame Thaumatin Glycyrrhizin Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone Steviol glycosides Neotame Aspartame-acesulfame salt Tagatose, DPolyglycitol syrup Maltitols Maltitol

965(ii)

Maltiol syrup

966

Lactitol

967

Xylitol

968

Erythritol

999 999(i) 999(ii) 1000 1001 1001(i) 1001(ii) 1001(iii) 1001(iv)

Quillaia extracts Quillaia extract type 1 Quillaia extract type 2 Cholic acid Choline salts and esters Choline acetate Choline carbonate Choline chloride Choline citrate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1001(v) 1001(vi) 1100 1101 1101(i) Name of Food Additive Choline tartrate Choline lactate Amylases Proteases Protease Technological purpose emulsifier emulsifier flour treatment agent flour treatment agent flavour enhancer stabilizer flavour enhancer flour treatment agent flavour enhancer stabilizer flour treatment agent flavour enhancer stabilizer antioxidant stabilizer flavour enhancer preservative bulking agent coating agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer texturizing agent thickener bodying agent dispersing agent stabilizer colloidal stabilizer colour stabilizer stabilizer binder coating agent sealing agent surface-finishing agent film-forming agent glazing agent anticaking agent carrier solvent emulsifier glazing agent plasticizer carrier carrier carrier solvent emulsifier foam stabilizer plasticizer sequestrant carrier carrier solvent emulsifier humectant plasticizer carrier

Page 26 of 55

1101(ii) 1101(iii)

Papain Bromelain

1101(iv)

Ficin

1102 1103 1104 1105 1200

Glucose oxidase Invertases Lipases Lysozyme Polydextroses

1201

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

1202

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, insoluble

1203

Polyvinyl alcohol

1204 1503

Pullulan Castor oil

1504(i) 1504(ii) 1505

Cyclotetraglucose Cyclotetraglucose syrup Triethyl citrate

1517 1518

Glycerol diacetate Triacetin

1519

Benzyl alcohol

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1520 Name of Food Additive Propylene glycol Technological purpose dispersing agent glazing agent humectant wetting agent antifoaming agent carrier emulsifier glazing agent plasticizer carrier encapsulating agent

Page 27 of 55

1521

Polyethylene glycol

1522

Calcium lignosulfonate,40-65

CAC/GL 36-1989
SUPPLEMENTARY LIST - MODIFIED STARCHES List in numerical order INS No. 1400 Name of Food Additive Dextrins, roasted starch Technological purpose binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener

Page 28 of 55

1401

Acid-treated starch

1402

Alkaline treated starch

1403

Bleached starch

1404

Oxidized starch

1405

Starches, enzyme treated

1410

Monostarch phosphate

1411

Distarch glycerol

1412

Distarch phosphate

1413

Phosphated distarch phosphate

1414

Acetylated distarch phosphate

1420

Starch acetate

1422

Acetylated distarch adipate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1440 Name of Food Additive Hydroxypropyl starch Technological purpose binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener anticaking agent carrier stabilizer

Page 29 of 55

1442

Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate

1450

Starch sodium octenyl succinate

1451

Acetylated oxidized starch

1452

Starch aluminium octenyl succinate

CAC/GL 36-1989
SECTION 4 INTERNATIONAL NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR FOOD ADDITIVES List in alphabetical order INS No. 950 260 472a Name of Food Additive Acesulfame potassium Acetic acid, glacial Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol Technological purpose flavour enhancer sweetener acidity regulator preservative emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer flour treatment agent acidity regulator bulking agent carrier coating agent emulsifier glazing agent gelling agent humectant stabilizer thickener flavour enhancer bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener sweetener colour colour colour firming agent stabilizer acidity regulator stabilizer anticaking agent firming agent firming agent colour acidity regulator acidity regulator

Page 30 of 55

929 355 406

Acetone peroxide Adipic acid Agar

639 400

Alanine, DLAlginic acid

956 103 129 173 523 522 559 521 520 123 264 359

Alitame Alkanet Allura red AC Aluminium Aluminium ammonium sulfate Aluminium potassium sulfate Aluminium silicate Aluminium sodium sulfate Aluminium sulfate Amaranth Ammonium acetate Ammonium adipates

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 403 Name of Food Additive Ammonium alginate Technological purpose bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener acidity regulator raising agent flour treatment agent acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator acidity regulator raising agent acidity regulator acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator flour treatment agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent emulsifier flour treatment agent stabilizer flour treatment agent colour colour antioxidant gelling agent stabilizer thickener acidity regulator antioxidant flour treatment agent antioxidant antioxidant flavour enhancer sweetener sweetener flour treatment agent colour gelling agent stabilizer thickener

Page 31 of 55

503(i) 503 510 342(i) 368 503(ii) 527 328 349 923 342 452(v)

Ammonium carbonate Ammonium carbonates Ammonium chloride Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Ammonium fumarate Ammonium hydrogen carbonate Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium lactate Ammonium malate Ammonium persulfate Ammonium phosphates Ammonium polyphosphate

442 517 1100 160b 160b(i) 160b(ii) 323 163 409

Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid Ammonium sulfate Amylases Annatto extracts Annatto extracts, bixin-based Annatto extracts, norbixin-based Anoxomer Anthocyanins Arabinogalactan

300

Ascorbic acid, L-

304 305 951 962 927a 122 408

Ascorbyl palmitate Ascorbyl stearate Aspartame Aspartame-acesulfame salt Azodicarbonamide Azorubine (Carmoisine) Bakers yeast glycan

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 901 162 558 210 906 928 1519 163(iii) 542 Name of Food Additive Beeswax Beet red Bentonite Benzoic acid Benzoin gum Benzoyl peroxide Benzyl alcohol Blackcurrant extract Bone phosphate Technological purpose clouding agent glazing agent colour anticaking agent preservative glazing agent flour treatment agent preservative carrier colour anticaking agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent colour colour flour treatment agent flavour enhancer stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer colour colour propellant antioxidant antioxidant flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer acidity regulator preservative stabilizer antifoaming agent bulking agent carrier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant thickener stabilizer sequestrant anticaking agent antioxidant preservative flour treatment agent acidity regulator anticaking agent stabilizer surface colourant firming agent stabilizer thickener sweetener

Page 32 of 55

151 133 1101(iii)

Brilliant black (Black PN) Brilliant blue FCF Bromelain

443 154 155 943a 320 321 629 633 634 263

Brominated vegetable oils Brown FK Brown HT Butane Butylated hydroxyanisole Butylated hydroxytoluene Calcium 5-guanylate Calcium 5-inosinate Calcium 5-ribonucleotides Calcium acetate

404

Calcium alginate

556 302 213 924b 170(i)

Calcium aluminium silicate Calcium ascorbate Calcium benzoate Calcium bromate Calcium carbonate

170 509

Calcium carbonates Calcium chloride

333 952(ii)

Calcium citrates Calcium cyclamate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 450(vii) Name of Food Additive Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator anticaking agent dough conditioner flour treatment agent firming agent humectant moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent flavour enhancer antioxidant colour retention agent preservative sequestrant anticaking agent preservative acidity regulator acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant gelling agent stabilizer thickener acidity regulator anticaking agent stabilizer surface colourant acidity regulator acidity regulator anticaking agent dough conditioner firming agent flour treatment agent humectants moisture-retention agent raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent antioxidant preservative acidity regulator firming agent flour treatment agent antioxidant acidity regulator flour treatment agent stabilizer

Page 33 of 55

341(i)

Calcium dihydrogen phosphate

623 385

Calcium di-L-glutamate Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate

538 238 367 578

Calcium ferrocyanide Calcium formate Calcium fumarates Calcium gluconate

383

Calcium glycerophosphate

170(ii)

Calcium hydrogen carbonate

352(i) 341(ii)

Calcium hydrogen malate Calcium hydrogen phosphate

227 526 916 318 327 399 482

Calcium hydrogen sulfite Calcium hydroxide Calcium iodate Calcium isoascorbate Calcium lactate Calcium lactobionate Calcium lactylates

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1522 352(ii) 352 482(ii) 529 Name of Food Additive Calcium lignosulfonate,40-65 Calcium malate, D,LCalcium malates Calcium oleyl lactylate Calcium oxide Technological purpose carrier encapsulating agent acidity regulator emulsifier stabilizer acidity regulator dough conditioner flour treatment agent flour treatment agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent preservative sweetener anticaking agent preservative emulsifier emulsifier firming agent flour treatment agent sequestrant stabilizer antioxidant preservative acidity regulator clouding agent glazing agent colour colour colour colour colour colour carbonating agent packaging gas preservative propellant colour acidity regulator bulking agent carrier glazing agent emulsifier stabilizer thickener colour colour

Page 34 of 55

930 341 452(iv)

Calcium peroxide Calcium phosphates Calcium polyphosphate

282 954(ii) 552 203 486 482(i) 516

Calcium propionate Calcium saccharin Calcium silicate Calcium sorbate Calcium stearoyl fumarate Calcium stearoyl lactylate Calcium sulfate

226 354 902 161g 150a 150b 150c 150d 150 152 290

Calcium sulfite Calcium tartrate, DLCandelilla wax Canthaxanthin Caramel I plain caramel Caramel II - sulfite caramel Caramel III - ammonia caramel Caramel IV - sulfite ammonia caramel Caramels Carbon black (Hydrocarbon) Carbon dioxide

120 903

Carmines Carnauba wax

410

Carob bean gum

160e 160a 160a(iv)

Carotenal, beta-apo-8Carotenes Carotenes, beta-, algae

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 160a(iii) 160a (i) 160a(ii) 160f 407 Name of Food Additive Carotenes, beta-, Blakeslea trispora Carotenes, beta-, synthetic Carotenes, beta-, vegetable Carotenoic acid, ethyl ester, beta-apo-8'Carrageenan Technological purpose colour colour colour colour bulking agent carrier coating agent emulsifier gelling agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer thickener emulsifier gelling agent stabilizer thickener anticaking agent carrier solvent emulsifier glazing agent plasticizer flour bleaching agent flour treatment agent propellant colour colour colour emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier acidity regulator antioxidant sequestrant antioxidant synergist dough conditioner emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer colour binder stabilizer colour fixative preservative colour

Page 35 of 55

427

Cassia gum

1503

Castor oil

460 925 926 945 141(ii) 140 141 141(i) 1000 1001(i) 1001(ii) 1001(iii) 1001(iv) 1001(vi) 1001 1001(v) 330

Celluloses Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Chloropentafluorethane Chlorophyllins, copper complexes, potassium and sodium salts Chlorophylls Chlorophylls and chlorophyllins, copper complexes Chlorophylls, copper complexes Cholic acid Choline acetate Choline carbonate Choline chloride Choline citrate Choline lactate Choline salts and esters Choline tartrate Citric acid

472c

Citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol

121 468 519 100(i) 100

Citrus red No. 2 Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Crosslinked cellulose gum) Cupric sulfate Curcumin Curcumins

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 424 Name of Food Additive Curdlan Technological purpose firming agent gelling agent stabilizer thickener sweetener binder stabilizer binder carrier stabilizer binder stabilizer carrier carrier flour treatment agent flour treatment agent preservative emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator flour treatment agent acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator buffering agent emulsifier firming agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent propellant antioxidant acidity regulator dough conditioner emulsifier firming agent raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent preservative emulsifier wetting agent preservative flavour enhancer

Page 36 of 55

952 952(i) 457 459

Cyclamates Cyclamic acid Cyclodextrin, alphaCyclodextrin, beta-

458 1504(i) 1504(ii) 920 921 265 472e

Cyclodextrin, gammaCyclotetraglucose Cyclotetraglucose syrup Cysteine, L- and its hydrochlorides sodium and potassium salts Cystine, L-and its hydrochlorides sodium and potassium salts Dehydroacetic acid Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol

342(ii) 333(ii)

Diammonium hydrogen phosphate Dicalcium citrate

450(vi)

Dicalcium diphosphate

940 389 450(viii)

Dichlorodifluormethane Dilauryl thiodipropionate Dimagnesium diphosphate

242 480 230 450 628

Dimethyl dicarbonate Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate Diphenyl Diphosphates Dipotassium 5-guanylate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 450(iv) Name of Food Additive Dipotassium diphosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer acidity regulator buffering agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent antioxidant preservative sequestrant acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent texturizing agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator flavour enhancer antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant flavour enhancer humectant sweetener colour emulsifier antioxidant

Page 37 of 55

340(ii)

Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate

336(ii)

Dipotassium tartrate

627 631 635 450(i)

Disodium 5-guanylate Disodium 5-inosinate Disodium 5-ribonucleotides Disodium diphosphate

386

Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate

339(ii)

Disodium hydrogen phosphate

331(ii)

Disodium monohydrogen citrate

364(ii) 390 312 315 968

Disodium succinate Distearyl thiodipropionate Dodecyl gallate Erythorbic acid (Isoascorbic acid) Erythritol

127 488 324

Erythrosine Ethoxylated mono- and di-glycerides Ethoxyquin

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 462 Name of Food Additive Ethyl cellulose

Page 38 of 55
Technological purpose binder coating agent diluent for other food additives filler glazing agent thickener antioxidant emulsifier stabilizer thickener flavour enhancer preservative colour antifoaming agent foam stabilizer glazing agent anticaking agent acidity regulator colour retention agent anticaking agent colour retention agent flour treatment agent flavour enhancer stabilizer colour preservative preservative acidity regulator colour colour carrier emulsifier gelling agent stabilizer thickener stabilizer thickener acidity regulator raising agent acidity regulator raising agent sequestrant antioxidant flavour enhancer bodying agent humectant carrier density adjustment agent emulsifier density adjustment agent emulsifier density adjustment agent emulsifier stabilizer

313 467

Ethyl gallate Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose

637 214 143 570

Ethyl maltol Ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate Fast Green FCF Fatty acids

381 505 579 537 585 1101(iv)

Ferric ammonium citrate Ferrous carbonate Ferrous gluconate Ferrous hexacyanomanganate Ferrous lactate Ficin

161a 240 236 297 165 164 428

Flavoxanthin Formaldehyde Formic acid Fumaric acid Gardenia blue Gardenia yellow Gelatin

418 574 575

Gellan gum Gluconic acid, DGlucono delta-lactone

1102 620 422 1517 445(i) 445(ii) 445(iii)

Glucose oxidase Glutamic acid, L(+)Glycerol Glycerol diacetate Glycerol ester of gum rosin Glycerol ester of tall oil rosin Glycerol ester of wood rosin

445

Glycerol esters of rosin

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 915 640 958 175 163(ii) 142 314 626 412 Name of Food Additive Glycerol, methyl, or pentaerithrytol esters of colophane Glycine Glycyrrhizin Gold, metallic Grape skin extract Green S Guaiac resin Guanylic acid, 5Guar gum Technological purpose glazing agent flavour enhancer flavour enhancer sweetener colour colour colour antioxidant flavour enhancer emulsifier stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier emulsifier glazing agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier stabilizer thickener preservative acidity regulator sequestrant preservative preservative antioxidant colour retention agent acidity regulator packaging gas glazing agent binder coating agent emulsifier film-forming agent foaming agent glazing agent stabilizer suspension agent thickener bulking agent coating agent emulsifier glazing agent stabilizer thickener colour flavour enhancer stabilizer colour colour colour propellant

Page 39 of 55

414

Gum arabic (Acacia gum)

419

Gum ghatti

241 370 209 239 586 507 949 907 463

Gum guaicum Heptonolactone, 1,4Heptyl para-hydroxybenzoate Hexamethylene tetramine Hexylresorcinol, 4Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen Hydrogenated poly-1-decenes Hydroxypropyl cellulose

464

Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose

132 630 1103 172(i) 172(ii) 172(iii) 172 943b

Indigotine (Indigo carmine) Inosinic acid, 5Invertases Iron oxide, black Iron oxide, red Iron oxide, yellow Iron oxides Isobutane

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 953 Name of Food Additive Isomalt (Hydrogenated isomaltulose) Technological purpose anticaking agent bulking agent glazing agent sweetener antioxidant preservative sequestrant emulsifier stabilizer thickener carrier emulsifier gelling agent glazing agent humectants stabilizer thickener colour acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer emulsifier sweetener texturizing agent emulsifier glazing agent preservative antioxidant emulsifier preservative antioxidant emulsifier flavour enhancer flavour enhancer colour colour colour colour colour flavour enhancer preservative acidity regulator anticaking agent colour retention agent colour retention agent firming agent stabilizer acidity regulator raising agent

Page 40 of 55

384

Isopropyl citrates

416

Karaya gum

425

Konjac flour

161c 270 472b

Kryptoxanthin Lactic acid, L-, D- and DLLactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol

966

Lactitol

478 913 243 322(i) 344 322(ii) 322 641 1104 180 161b(i) 161b 160d(iii) 160d(i) 160d(ii) 160d 642 1105 504(i)

Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene glycol Lanolin Lauric arginate ethyl ester Lecithin Lecithin citrate Lecithin, partially hydrolysed Lecithins Leucine, LLipases Lithol rupine BK Lutein from Tagetes erecta Luteins Lycopene , Blakeslea trispora Lycopene, synthetic Lycopene, tomato Lycopenes Lysin hydrochloride Lysozyme Magnesium carbonate

504 511

Magnesium carbonates Magnesium chloride

345 450(ix)

Magnesium citrate Magnesium dihydrogen diphosphate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 343(i) 625 580 Name of Food Additive Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate Magnesium di-L-glutamate Magnesium gluconate Technological purpose acidity regulator anticaking agent flavour enhancer acidity regulator firming agent flavour enhancer acidity regulator anticaking agent acidity regulator colour retention agent acidity regulator anticaking agent carrier colour retention agent drying agent acidity regulator flour treatment agent anticaking agent anticaking agent dusting agent anticaking agent binder emulsifier firming agent flavour enhancer anticaking agent dusting agent acidity regulator bulking agent emulsifier humectant stabilizer sweetener bulking agent emulsifier humectant sweetener stabilizer flavour enhancer colour anticaking agent bulking agent humectant stabilizer sweetener acidity regulator bulking agent coating agent emulsifier glazing agent stabilizer thickener glazing agent

Page 41 of 55

343(ii) 528 504(ii)

Magnesium hydrogen phosphate Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide carbonate

329 530 343 553(i) 553 470(iii)

Magnesium lactate, DLMagnesium oxide Magnesium phosphates Magnesium silicate, synthetic Magnesium silicates Magnesium stearate

518 553(ii) 296 965(ii)

Magnesium sulfate Magnesium trisilicate Malic acid, DLMaltiol syrup

965(i)

Maltitol

965 636 130 421

Maltitols Maltol Manascorubin Mannitol

353 461

Metatartaric acid Methyl cellulose

911

Methyl esters of fatty acids

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 465 Name of Food Additive Methyl ethyl cellulose Technological purpose emulsifier foaming agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier preservative antifoaming agent anticaking agent bulking agent carrier coating agent dispersing agent emulsifier foaming agent glazing agent stabilizer texturizing agent thickener glazing agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent antifoaming agent emulsifier stabilizer flavour enhancer acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant stabilizer flavour enhancer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer flavour enhancer acidity regulator flavour enhancer acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer preservative sweetener flavour enhancer sweetener colour retention agent preservative packaging gas propellant flour treatment agent

Page 42 of 55

489 218 900b 460(i)

Methyl glucoside-coconut oil ester Methyl para-hydroxybenzoate Methylphenylpolysiloxane Microcrystalline cellulose (Cellulose gel)

905c(i) 905a 905d 905e 905f 905g 471

Microcrystalline wax Mineral oil, food grade Mineral oil, high viscosity Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity, class I Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity, class II Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity, class III Mono- and di- glycerides of fatty acids

624 333(i)

Monoammonium L-glutamate Monocalcium citrate

622 336(i)

Monopotassium L-glutamate Monopotassium tartrate

621 364(i) 335 (i)

Monosodium L-glutamate Monosodium succinate Monosodium tartrate

235 959 961 375 234 941 918

Natamycin (Pimaricin) Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone Neotame Nicotinic acid Nisin Nitrogen Nitrogen oxides

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 919 942 Name of Food Additive Nitrosyl chloride Nitrous oxide Technological purpose flour treatment agent antioxidant foaming agent packaging gas propellant stabilizer thickener propellant emulsifier antioxidant colour preservative antioxidant sequestrant flavour enhancer colour glazing agent colour emulsifier gelling agent stabilizer thickener acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent emulsifier antifoaming agent glazing agent sealing agent glazing agent sealing agent acidity regulator antioxidant synergist sequestrant preservative bulking agent coating agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer texturizing agent thickener anticaking agent antifoaming agent emulsifier

Page 43 of 55

411 946 423 311 182 231 387 1101(ii) 160c 905c(ii) 131 440

Oat gum Octafluorcyclobutane Octenyl succinic acid (OSA) modified gum arabic Octyl gallate Orchil Ortho-phenylphenol Oxystearin Papain Paprika oleoresin Paraffin wax Patent blue V Pectins

451(ii)

Pentapotassium triphosphate

451(i)

Pentasodium triphosphate

429 905b

Peptones Petroleum jelly (Petrolatum)

905c 338

Petroleum wax Phosphoric acid

391 1200

Phytic acid Polydextroses

900a

Polydimethylsiloxane

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1521 Name of Food Additive Polyethylene glycol Technological purpose antifoaming agent carrier emulsifier glazing agent plasticizer emulsifier emulsifier sweetener dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier dispersing agent emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier binder coating agent sealing agent surface-finishing agent bodying agent dispersing agent stabilizer colloidal stabilizer colour stabilizer stabilizer colour colour flavour enhancer acidity regulator preservative acidity regulator bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener anticaking agent antioxidant preservative antioxidant preservative flour treatment agent acidity regulator stabilizer

Page 44 of 55

475 476 964 432 433 434 435 436 431 430 452 1203

Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid Polyglycitol syrup Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate Polyphosphates Polyvinyl alcohol

1201

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

1202

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, insoluble

124 125 632 261(i) 261 357 402

Ponceau 4R (Cochineal red A) Ponceau SX Potassium 5-inosinate Potassium acetate Potassium acetates Potassium adipates Potassium alginate

555 303 212 228 924a 501(i)

Potassium aluminium silicate Potassium ascorbate Potassium benzoate Potassium bisulfite Potassium bromate Potassium carbonate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 501 508 Name of Food Additive Potassium carbonates Potassium chloride Technological purpose gelling agent flavour enhancer stabilizer thickener acidity regulator preservative acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent anticaking agent acidity regulator acidity regulator sequestrant acidity regulator stabilizer acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator flour treatment agent antioxidant acidity regulator antioxidant synergist acidity regulator antioxidant preservative colour fixative preservative colour fixative preservative flour treatment agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent preservative sweetener anticaking agent acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer preservative

Page 45 of 55

332 261(ii) 332(i)

Potassium citrates Potassium diacetate Potassium dihydrogen citrate

340(i)

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate

536 366 577 501(ii) 351(i) 515(ii) 525 917 317 326 351(ii) 351 224 252 249 922 340 452(ii)

Potassium ferrocyanide Potassium fumarates Potassium gluconate Potassium hydrogen carbonate Potassium hydrogen malate Potassium hydrogen sulfate Potassium hydroxide Potassium iodate Potassium isoascorbate Potassium lactate Potassium malate Potassium malates Potassium metabisulfite Potassium nitrate Potassium nitrite Potassium persulfate Potassium phosphates Potassium polyphosphate

283 954(iii) 560 337

Potassium propionate Potassium saccharin Potassium silicate Potassium sodium L(+)-tartrate

202

Potassium sorbate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 515(i) 515 225 336 460(ii) Name of Food Additive Potassium sulfate Potassium sulfates Potassium sulfite Potassium tartrates Powdered cellulose Technological purpose acidity regulator antioxidant preservative anticaking agent bulking agent coating agent dispersing agent emulsifier glazing agent humectant texturizing agent stabilizer thickener bulking agent carrier coating agent emulsifier gelling agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer thickener propellant preservative antioxidant preservative dispersing agent glazing agent humectant wetting agent bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier flour treatment agent flavour enhancer stabilizer film-forming agent glazing agent colour emulsifier foaming agent emulsifier foaming agent colour colour colour colour

Page 46 of 55

407a

Processed euchema seaweed (PES)

944 280 310 216 1520

Propane Propionic acid Propyl gallate Propyl para-hydroxybenzoate Propylene glycol

405

Propylene glycol alginate

477 1101(i)

Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids Protease

1101 1204 163(iv) 999(i) 999(ii) 999 104 128 163(v) 161f

Proteases Pullulan Purple corn colour Quillaia extract type 1 Quillaia extract type 2 Quillaia extracts Quinoline yellow Red 2G Red cabbage colour Rhodoxanthin

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 101(ii) 101(iii) 101(i) 101 908 392 161d 954(i) 954 470 470(i) Name of Food Additive Riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium Riboflavin from Bacillus subtilis Riboflavin, synthetic Riboflavins Rice bran wax Rosemary extract Rubixanthin Saccharin Saccharins Salts of fatty acids, with base aluminium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium Salts of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids with ammonia, calcium, potassium and sodium Technological purpose colour colour colour glazing agent antioxidant colour sweetener

Page 47 of 55

470(ii)

166 904

551 174 262(i)

262 356 401

541(i)

541(ii)

541 554 301 211

anticaking agent emulsifier stabilizer Salts of oleic acid with calcium, potassium and sodium anticaking agent emulsifier stabilizer Sandalwood colour Shellac, bleached coating agent glazing agent surface-finishing agent Silicon dioxide, amorphous anticaking agent Silver colour Sodium acetate acidity regulator preservative sequestrant Sodium acetates Sodium adipates acidity regulator Sodium alginate bulking agent carrier emulsifier foaming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer thickener Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic acidity regulator emulsifier raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent Sodium aluminium phosphate, basic acidity regulator emulsifier stabilizer texturizing agent Sodium aluminium phosphates Sodium aluminosilicate anticaking agent Sodium ascorbate antioxidant Sodium benzoate preservative

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 452(iii) Name of Food Additive Sodium calcium polyphosphate Technological purpose acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator anticaking agent raising agent

Page 48 of 55

500(i)

Sodium carbonate

500 466

Sodium carbonates Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cellulose gum)

469 331 952(iv) 266 262(ii)

331(i)

339(i)

350(ii) 316 215 535 237 365 576

500(ii)

350(i) 514(ii)

bulking agent coating agent emulsifier firming agent gelling agent glazing agent humectant stabilizer suspension agent thickener Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, enzymatically thickener hydrolysed (Cellulose gum, enzymatically hydrolyzed) stabilizer Sodium citrates Sodium cyclamate sweetener Sodium dehydroacetate preservative Sodium diacetate acidity regulator preservative sequestrant Sodium dihydrogen citrate acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer Sodium dihydrogen phosphate acidity regulator buffer emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent Sodium DL-malate acidity regulator humectant Sodium erythorbate (Sodium isoascorbate) antioxidant Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative Sodium ferrocyanide anticaking agent Sodium formate preservative Sodium fumarates acidity regulator Sodium gluconate sequestrant stabilizer thickener Sodium hydrogen carbonate acidity regulator anticaking agent raising agent Sodium hydrogen DL-malate acidity regulator humectant Sodium hydrogen sulfate acidity regulator

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 222 524 335(ii) Name of Food Additive Sodium hydrogen sulfite Sodium hydroxide Sodium L(+)-tartrate Technological purpose antioxidant preservative acidity regulator acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator antioxidant synergist bodying agent bulking agent humectant flavour enhancer emulsifier antioxidant bleaching agent flour treatment agent preservative anticaking agent preservative colour fixative preservative colour fixative preservative emulsifier stabilizer preservative acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer preservative preservative sweetener acidity regulator anticaking agent raising agent anticaking agent preservative emulsifier emulsifier stabilizer acidity regulator

Page 49 of 55

325

Sodium lactate

481 638 487 350 223

Sodium lactylates Sodium L-aspartate Sodium laurylsulfate Sodium malates Sodium metabisulfite

550(ii) 219 251 250 481(ii) 232 339 452(i)

Sodium metasilicate Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate Sodium nitrate Sodium nitrite Sodium oleyl lactylate Sodium ortho-phenylphenol Sodium phosphates Sodium polyphosphate

452(vi)

Sodium potassium tripolyphosphate

281 217 954(iv) 500(iii)

Sodium propionate Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate Sodium saccharin Sodium sesquicarbonate

550(i) 550 201 485 481(i) 364 514(i)

Sodium silicate Sodium silicates Sodium sorbate Sodium stearoyl fumarate Sodium stearoyl lactylate Sodium succinates Sodium sulfate

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 514 221 335 539 Name of Food Additive Sodium sulfates Sodium sulfite Sodium tartrates Sodium thiosulfate Technological purpose antioxidant preservative antibrowning agent antioxidant sequestrant preservative emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier emulsifier bulking agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer sweetener bulking agent humectant sequestrant stabilizer sweetener anticaking agent emulsifier stabilizer thickener glazing agent antioxidant colour retention agent emulsifier sequestrant flour treatment agent sweetener acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer emulsifier sweetener emulsifier emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer emulsifier stabilizer antioxidant preservative acidity regulator

Page 50 of 55

200 493 494 495 491 496 492 420(i)

Sorbic acid Sorbitan monolaurate Sorbitan monooleate Sorbitan monopalmitate Sorbitan monostearate Sorbitan trioleate Sorbitan tristearate Sorbitol

420(ii)

Sorbitol syrup

420 426

Sorbitols Soybean hemicellulose

909 512 484 483 960 363 472g

Spermaceti wax Stannous chloride Stearyl citrate Stearyl tartrate Steviol glycosides Succinic acid Succinylated monoglycerides

446 955 474 444 473 473a 220 513

Succistearin Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose) Sucroglycerides Sucrose acetate isobutyrate Sucrose esters of fatty acids Sucrose oligoesters, type I and type II Sulfur dioxide Sulfuric acid

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 110 441 963 161b(ii) 553(iii) Name of Food Additive Sunset yellow FCF Superglycerinated hydrogenated rapeseed oil Tagatose, DTagetes extract Talc Technological purpose colour emulsifier sweetener colour anticaking agent coating agent dusting agent surface-finishing agent texturizing agent Tannic acid (Tannins) colour emulsifier stabilizer thickener Tara gum gelling agent stabilizer thickener Tartaric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty emulsifier acids sequestrant stabilizer Tartaric acid, L(+)acidity regulator antioxidant synergist sequestrant Tartarzine colour Tertiary butylhydroquinone antioxidant Tetrapotassium diphosphate acidity regulator emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent Tetrasodium diphosphate acidity regulator buffering agent emulsifier moisture-retention agent raising agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent Thaumatin flavour enhancer sweetener Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- emulsifier and diglycerides of fatty acids Thiabendazole preservative Thiodipropionic acid antioxidant Titanium dioxide colour Tocopherol concentrate, mixed antioxidant Tocopherol, d-alphaantioxidant Tocopherol, delta-, synthetic antioxidant Tocopherol, dl-alphaantioxidant Tocopherol, gamma-, synthetic antioxidant Tocopherols Tragacanth gum emulsifier stabilizer thickener

Page 51 of 55

181

417

472d

334

102 319 450(v)

450(iii)

957 479 233 388 171 307b 307a 309 307c 308 307 413

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1518 Name of Food Additive Triacetin Technological purpose carrier solvent emulsifier humectant plasticizer acidity regulator acidity regulator firming agent sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator anticaking agent buffer clouding agent firming agent flour treatment agent humectant moisture-retention agent raising agent stabilizer texturizing agent carrier solvent emulsifier foam stabilizer plasticizer sequestrant acidity regulator anticaking agent acidity regulator sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier humectants moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator emulsifier sequestrant stabilizer acidity regulator emulsifier raising agent moisture-retention agent sequestrant stabilizer texturizing agent acidity regulator antimicrobial synergist emulsifier humectant moisture-retention agent stabilizer sequestrant texturizing agent colour

Page 52 of 55

380 333(iii)

Triammonium citrate Tricalcium citrate

341(iii)

Tricalcium phosphate

1505

Triethyl citrate

343(iii) 451 332(ii)

Trimagnesium phosphate Triphosphates Tripotassium citrate

340(iii)

Tripotassium phosphate

331(iii)

Trisodium citrate

450(ii)

Trisodium diphosphate

339(iii)

Trisodium phosphate

100(ii)

Turmeric

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 927b 153 161e 910 415 Name of Food Additive Urea (Carbamide) Vegetable carbon Violoxanthin Wax esters Xanthan gum Technological purpose flour treatment agent colour colour glazing agent emulsifier foaming agent stabilizer thickener emulsifier humectant stabilizer sweetener thickener colour colour colour flavour enhancer anticaking agent

Page 53 of 55

967

Xylitol

107 161h(i) 161h(ii) 161h 650 557

Yellow 2G Zeaxanthin, synthetic Zeaxanthin-rich extract from Tagetes erecta Zeaxanthins Zinc acetate Zinc silicate

CAC/GL 36-1989
SUPPLEMENTARY LIST - MODIFIED STARCHES

Page 54 of 55

List inalphabetical order INS No. 1422 Name of Food Additive Acetylated distarch adipate Technological purpose binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener

1414

Acetylated distarch phosphate

1451

Acetylated oxidized starch

1401

Acid-treated starch

1402

Alkaline treated starch

1403

Bleached starch

1400

Dextrins, roasted starch

1411

Distarch glycerol

1412

Distarch phosphate

1442

Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate

1440

Hydroxypropyl starch

1410

Monostarch phosphate

1404

Oxidized starch

CAC/GL 36-1989
INS No. 1413 Name of Food Additive Phosphated distarch phosphate Technological purpose binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener anticaking agent carrier stabilizer binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener binder emulsifier stabilizer thickener

Page 55 of 55

1420

Starch acetate

1452

Starch aluminium octenyl succinate

1450

Starch sodium octenyl succinate

1405

Starches, enzyme treated