Written Exam: APCAT MCQ Summary Antibiotics

WRITTEN EXAM APCAT MCQ SUMMARY: ANTIBIOTICS

UTI antibiotic counselling points Antibiotics best taken at bedtime due to bladder build up Symptom relief such as Ural can be used. However, co-administration with quinolones and hexamine hippurate should be avoided due to reduced absorption. Cystic fibrosis Pathogens causing cystic fibrosis at a young age include S. aureus, H. influenzae. P. aeruginosa is less common in the young, however, it is more prevalent in older individuals. B. cepacia is also another pathogen causing cystic fibrosis Malaria Prophylaxis: Doxycycline 100mg daily is taken two days before entering malaria area and continued for two to four weeks after leaving, with a maximum course of six months. Others: atovaquaone plus proguanil taken one to two days before and seven days after entering and leaving malarial area respectively Mefloquine for prophylaxis taken two to three weeks before entering and four weeks after leaving Other measures to prevent malaria include insect repellent, clothing, screened accommodation Malaria is more severe in pregnancy than in normal individuals Pathogens of malaria are Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium, Plasmodium ovule, Plasmodium malariae Out of the four, Plasmodium falciparum is the most pathogenic and most resistant to standard antimalarials Prophylaxis is dependent on risk factors such as pregnancy, postsplenectomy patients as well as country/area visited, time and duration of visit and activities undertaken Stand-by treatment should be taken to areas of chloroquine resistance or when unable to access medical care quickly Stand-by treatment includes either artemether + lumefantrine or atovaquone + proguanil Treatment of malaria by Plasmodium falciparum- use artemether + lumefantrine OR quinine + doxycycline/clindamycin OR mefloquine OR atovaquone + proguanil For Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, P. ovule, treat with chloroquine. With P vivax, P. ovule, add primiquine Antibiotics and fluid intake High fluid intake for antibiotic course required for quinolones, trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine Hint: Highlight these on the chapter contents page for facilitate referencing

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Written Exam: APCAT MCQ Summary Antibiotics

References Australian Medicines Handbook. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd; 2009

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Copyright The Medicine Box 2009