Veritas et Caritate Charity in Truth The 3rd Encyclical by Pope Benedict XVI July 7, 2009 This encyclical is conerned

d with Problems of global development and progress towards the common good Arguing that both Love and Truth are essential elements of an effective reponse The work is addressed to all strata of global society and to all people of goodwill. It contains detailed reflection on economic and social issues and problems The Pope point out that the Church does not offer specific technical solutions,but rather moral principles to inform the building of such solutions. There is emphasis on the need for the actions to all economic actors to be informed by ethics as well as the profit motive. Other areas discussed: Hunger Environment Migration Sexual tourism Bioethics Cultural relativism Social solidarity Energy Population issues Introduction Begins with the discussion of how charity and truth are fundamental parts of our development, both individuals and for humanity as a whole LOVE: extraordinary force motivating people to strive for the common good The more we strive to secure a common good corresponding to the real needs of our neighbours, the more effectivel we love them Emphasis on charity is the heart of the Churchs social doctrine, and must be linked to truth if it is to remain a force for the good.

Without truth, love can become an empty shell to be filled with emotional influences which in the worst case can result in love turning to its opposite Social action without truth can end up serving private interests and the logic of power Individual without truth is to fall prey to an excessively sceptical and empirical view of life. Tribute to Pope Paul VIs 1967 encyclical Populorum Progression , which he describes as the Rerum Novarum of its day. Pope Benedict XVI echoing the priciple theme of Populorum Progressio in calling for the people to strive for the greater development with all their hearts and minds. Christian is called on to engage politically for the benefit of other people in so far as he or she is able, and equally to love and help their neighbours on an individual level. The message of the populorum progressio Continues the discussion of Populorum Progressio , illustrating how it fits both with Pope Paul VIs overall magisterium and with the broader tradition of Catholic teachings. Recounting on how the previous encyclical taught that institutions designed to hasten social development are not by themselves sufficient to ensure good outcomes. Gives reminder that Pope Paul VI advised the chief causes of enduring poverty are not material in nature, but lie in failures of the will and the lack of brotherhood among individuals and peoples. people working for the benefit of others need their own individual sense of vocation, which is derived in part from the Bible and the life of Christ. While reason alone can identify inequality and while globalization has made us neighbours, neither can establish the sense of fraternity which flows from Gods love. Introduction of the theme concerning the importance in tackling hunger which reoccurs later in the work, using a quote from Populorum Progressio: the peoples in hunger are making a dramatic appeal to the peoples blessed with abundance.

Human development in our time GLOBALIZATION: the main feature of the current age Warns globalization has already created many new problems and that without the influence of charity and truth,it could cause unprecendented damage and create new divisions within the human family. Pope warn of dangers arising from unbalanced growth and from those pursuing profit purely for its own sake, without seeing profit as a means to do good. Discussion of increasing inequality, including new groups of poor emerging even in rich nations. Globalization has part given rise to damaging cultural eclecticism and leveling. To political leaders: The primary capital to be safeguarded is man Suggests that reducing prolonged unemployment should be a high priority as is causes great psychological and spiritual suffering Discussion of the suffering caused in the underdeveloped world by food shortages; feeding of the hungry is an ethical imperative. Number of trends harmful to development: The prevalence of corruption in both poor and rich countries The existence of harmful speculative capital flows The tendency for development aid to be diverted from it proper ends due to irresponsible actions The unregulated exploitation of the earths resources on the part of rich countries there is excessive zeal for protecting knowledge through an unduly rigid assertion of the right to intellectual property, especially in the field of health care Pope warns the danger of state atheism: deprives citizens of the moral and spiritual strength needed for genuine development and to respond generously to divine love He emphasizes that successfully resolving the various global challenges will need Love as well as knowledge

Fraternity, economic development and civil society GRATUITY : how giving and receiving gifts reflects Gods nature and how it help builds communities He states civil society is the most natural setting for gratuitiousness, but that gratuity is also needed in the operations of the State and the Market. He also argues against a market economy where economic agents act purely out of self interest commercial logic alone cannot solve all of societys problems. There is both a moral and economic case to conclude that in commercial relationships the principles of gratuitioness and the logic of gift as an expression of gratuitiousness can and must find their place within normal economic activity. Giving fosters a sense of justice, responsibly and sense of the common good amongst different economic actors. Gives emphasis on the call in Populorum Progressio for the creation of a market model where all will be able to give and receive. He states everyone, including business managers and investors, should base their decision partly on an awareness of how thei actions will effect progress towards global solidarity. the development of people, rights and duties, the environment Length on the concept that rights must be linked to duties. Too much focus on ones own rights can lead people to believing they owe nothing to anyone but themselves, to making insistent demands that one's own rights are promoted by public authorities even when they are harmful, such as the "right to excess" or to choose vice. This can lead to the whole notion of rights being weakened and even core rights being violated. Core rights are safest when everyone accepts they have a duty to respect other people's development and rights. duties of governments: to look after the deep moral needs of their citizens and to promote ethical

economic systems where actors look to maximize not just profits but also the common good. The last part of the chapter is about the duty to protect the environment: nature should not be regarded as more important than man. He regrets the way "some states, power groups and companies hoard nonrenewable energy resources" which he says "represents a grave obstacle to development in poor countries". Notion of the importance for developed countries to take the lead in reducing their own environmental impact, which may involve in the adoption of new, more environmentally friendly life styles for their populations.

Suggests increased "regulation of the financial sector" is needed to safeguard vulnerable parties. The chapter ends with a call for an establishment of an effective global authority "to manage the global economy; to revive economies hit by the crisis; to avoid any deterioration of the present crisis and the greater imbalances that would result." The Pope wishes to see reform and strengthening of the United Nations and the international monetary system, including for poorer nations to be given a louder voice on international bodies

the cooperation of the human family The Social Concerns of the Church The importance for individuals to live in communion Sollicitudo Rei Socialis with each other. Encyclical Letter of Pope John Paul II "the development of peoples depend above all on a 1988 recognition that the human race is a single family". isolation is one of the causes of various forms of Major Areas of Concern: poverty, including self inflicted isolation where the Authentic Development individual elects to withdraw from society. North/South Gap Solidarity and fraternity are antidotes to isolation, and East/West Blocs also essential for effective development. Solidarity Discernment is needed so folk can avoid dangerous Option for the Poor ideologies and religions that encourage people to cut Structures of Sin themselves off from communion with others. Ecological Concerns Religion must play a part in political discussion, so there can be a fruitful dialogue between faith and Why it was written? reason. Pope John Paul II , one of the most influential leaders th Cautions against secularism and fundamentalism, of the 20 century, paints a somber picture of the state of the both of which make such dialogue difficult. global development in the Social Development of the Church. The preeminent sort of help needed is increased -cites the originality of Pope Paul VIs The access to the markets of developed countries. Development of People Developed countries should allocate an increased -emphasizes the moral/ethical dimension of proportion of their budgets to foreign aid. development. A discussion concerning an ethical response to Surveying the difficult state of the poor countries, the international tourism and to the "epoch making" Pope lays strong blame on the confrontation between the two phenomena of migration." global blocs: Back to poverty, discussing the great harm caused by *Liberal Capitalism of the WEST unemployment, and how the issue can be responded *Marxist Collectivism of the EAST to not just by government but by financiers, microfinance, labour unions and consumers.

STRUCTURES OF SIN how he refers to the obstacles hindering development.

b. Lack of participation -Some 3 world countries have reached food self-sufficiency c. Exploitation Authentic Human Development d. Religious oppression Challenges to Development Historical Note e. Racial Discrimination, etc. -Development is not a straightforward progress in 20 years after The Development of Peoples, Pope John -Right of economic initiative enlightenment sense. Paul II celebrates the encyclical of Paul VI with a strong -Totalitarism makes people objects. -Naive Mechanistic Optimism has been replaced by statement, -Other forms of poverty exists. Ex. Denial of human Well-founded Anxiety -Updating the Churchs teaching on internationalrights -Narrow economic emphasis is questioned development -Causes of worsened situation includes: -Side-by-side with miseries of underdevelopment is The document reflects the severity of global a. Omissions on part of developing countries inadmissible superdevelopment which involves consumerism economies at the end of 1980s, affecting the lives of b. Lack of response by affluent world and waste millions. c. Mechanisms (economic, political, social) -Having does not contribute to human perfection - it echoes several of the justice-related themes manipulated to benefit some at the expense of others. unless it contributes to maturing and enriching addressed by the Pope in his worldwide travels. -Interdependence separated from ethical being Introduction requirements is disastrous for both rich and poor countries. -Poor distribution of the goods and services originally Seeks to lead people to respond to their vocation as Specific signs of Underdevelopment intended for all responsible builders of earthly society. - Housing Crisis -Having can detract from being Marked by continuity and renewal. -Unemployment and Underemployment Development and Human Nature th Celebrating the 20 anniversary of the Development of Peoples, -Global debt -True development calls for recognition of spiritual, emphasizing the needs for fuller concept of development Political reasons for Underdevelopment transcendent nature of human beings -Existence of two opposing blocs; East and West -Biblical story shows human developing: Originality of the Development of Peoples -Political opposition rests on deeper ideological a. having dominion over creation but Application of Vatican II opposition: obedient to Creator 1.Responded to call of The Church in the Modern World. a. Liberal Capitalism-West b. Falling into sin but responding to divine call 2.Applied Councils teachings to specific problems of b. Marxist Collectivism-East -Faith in Christ reveals plan for reconciliation of all to development and underdevelopment. -cold war, wars by proxy Him Originality of Message -Church s social doctrine is critical toward two -Church therefore has pastoral duty to concern itself 1.Emphasized ethical and cultural character of opposing blocs. with problems of development problems connected with development, the legitimacy and the -Recently independent countries become involved. -Early teachers of Church had optimistic vision of necessity of Churchs intervention in the field. -Exaggerated concern for security blocks cooperation. history and work 2.affirmed worldwide dimension of social question, a. Competition prevents LEADERSHIP and -Church cannot ignore needs of the poor hence the duty of solidarity between rich and poor. SOLIDARITY. Cooperation for Development 3.development is the new name for peace b. West abandons self to growing and selfish -This task in not INDIVIDUALISTIC Survey of Contemporary World isolation. -People and nation have a right to their own Unfulfilled Hopes for Development c. East ignores duty to alleviate human development There was a widespread OPTIMISM about the misery. -Moral character of development requires recognition possibility of overcoming poverty and promoting development, Positive aspects of Contemporary World of rights: but in general the present situation is NEGATIVE. -Awareness of dignity and Human Rights a. At internal level; respecting life, family, Widened Gap between North and South -Conviction increases employment, political community and religion - Developing countries are falling behind developed in -Peace is seen as indivisible b. At international level; respecting peoples, terms of PRODUCTION and DISTRIBUTION of basics. -Ecological concern grows culture, equality of all st nd rd th -Unity of world is compromised. (1 ,2 ,3 ,4 worlds) -Generous persons sacrifice for peace and international c. Within framework of SOLIDARITY and -Cultural underdevelopment shown in: organizations contribute to more effective action FREEDOM a. Illiteracy Respect for Natural World

rd

-Growing awareness of the cosmos -Natural resources are LIMITED -Pollution of the environment threatens the health of all

Role of the Church : Theological reading of Modern Problems *call attention to dignity of workers; Situation of Sin *condemn violations of dignity; -Main obstacle to development is not political but *guide changes to ensure moral progress -World divided into blocs subject to structures of Conclusion sin True Liberation Work and Human Beings -2 typical structures of sin: -Overcoming of obstacles to a more human life Conflict Between Labor and a. All-consuming desire for profit -Overcoming of obstacles with confidence in the Capital b. Thirst for power, imposing ones will for goodness of humans Rights of Workers others Urgent Appeal Elements of a Spirituality of Work Path of Conversion -Everyone must be convinced of seriousness of -Conversion is needed, toward interdependency, moment and of responsibility to take steps inspired Work and Human Beings solidarity, commitment to common good by solidarity and love of preference for the poor Perspective on Work -Solidarity requires: Human beings are the proper subject of work a. Influential responsibility and willingness Highlights: Aspects of technology : to share The development of Catholic Social Teachings on several fronts: positive: facilitates work; b. Weaker active claiming of rights an extension from national cooperation through negative: can supplant or control humans -Church has evangelical duty to stand by the poor international to transnational Materialism and Economism - As Christian virtue, solidarity is rooted in vision of continued emphasis on underdevelopment but now, Materialistic thought treats humans as instruments of human beings in relationship to Trinity. with additional concern for overdevelopment production rather than as subjects of work Some Particular Guidelines strengthening of the language of a social mortgage on Justice and Work Churchs Social Doctrine private property Church is committed to justice for workers; it -Church offers not technical solutions but set of concern for the ecological consequences of economic wants to be a Church of the poor principles for reflection, criteria for judgment, directives for development Nature of Work action People achieve dominion over the earth and -Not a third way between Liberal Capitalism and fulfillment as human beings Marxist Collectivism -Must be open to international outlook Conflict Between Labor and Capital Option for the poor The Conflict Laborem Exercens, -Love of preference for the poor *Fundamental principles : (On Human Work) -affects individual action and applies equally to socialPope John Paul II, a. priority of labor over capital; responsibilities b. primacy of people over things. September 14, 1981 -Growing number of poor *Need to develop a system that will reconcile -Private property has a social mortgage capital and labor Ninetieth anniversary of Rerum Novarum Imbalance of International System Property John Paul II affirms the dignity of work and places -International trade system discriminates against *Right of private property is subordinated to work at the center of the social question. developing countries and international division of labor exploits the right of common use. workers for profit *Property is acquired through work to serve -technology transfer is unfair to poorer countries labor.

Responsibilities of Developing Countries -Must take up their own responsibilities -Should promote self-affirmation of their own citizens through PROGRAMS of literacy and basic education -Set priorities: a. Food production b. Reform of political structures c. Promotion of human rights

Pope stresses the priority of labor over things while criticizing systems which do not embody these principles.

Rights of workers Indirect Employers *Policies need to respect the objective rights of workers. Workers *Just remunerations of workers is the key *Wages are a practical means whereby people can have access to goods intended for the common use *Other social benefits for workers are needed, including health care, right to leisure, pension and accident insurance, and a decent work environment Right to Form Unions *Indispensable element of social life *Constructive factor of social order Other *Agricultural work is the basis of healthy economies *Disabled people should participate in work *People have a right to leave their native countries in search of better conditions Elements of a Spirituality of Work *Humans share in the activity of their God *Work imitates Gods activity and gives dignity *Jesus was a person of work *Work is sharing in the Cross and Resurrection *Work is necessary for earthly progress and the development of the Kingdom