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Example Problem
-in. Headed bolts ASTM F 1554 Grade 36 = 36,000 psi fyt = 58,000 psi futa = 4000 psi fc = 12 in. hef = 18 in. ha SDC C Concrete is assumed cracked at service load
Steel base plate Wide flange column
4"
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Example Problem
20"
8"
4"
6"
e
Nua
e
Ny
Nx
= 1 in.
6"
eNy = 1 in.
Nx
4"
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Tension Failure
Check for possible compression in anchor group due to load eccentricity eNx :
Nua Nua Mua = Nua x 1
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Tension Failure
Check for possible compression in anchor group due to load eccentricity eNy :
Nua Nua Mua = Nua x 1
Nua/6
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Tension Failure
Check for possible compression in anchor group due to load eccentricities: Maximum tension = Nua/6 + Nua/24 + Nua/24 = Nua/4 Minimum tension = Nua/6 Nua/24 Nua/24 = Nua/12 ..No compression
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D.1 Definitions
Anchor Group hef = 12 in. Spacing in X-direction = 8 in. < 3 12 in. .......OK Spacing in Y-direction = 6 in. < 3 12 in. .......OK The current bolt formation acts as a group in tension.
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1.5x12 = 18"
4"
6"
6"
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= 63.1 kips For cast-in headed bolts with 11 in. hef 25 in. = 64.2 kips Nb = 64.2 kips
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Nx
Ny
ec,Nx = 1 / [ 1 + 2x1/3x12 ] = 0.95 1 OK ec,Ny = 1 / [ 1 + 2x1/3x12 ] = 0.95 1 OK ec,N = ec,Nx ec,Ny = 0.90
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Ncbg =
= 35.0 kips
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.D.4.4(c)
For SDC C or above, a factor of 0.75 is applied ..D.3.3.3 0.75 = 0.75 x 0.75 = 0.56
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For SDC C or above, a factor of 0.75 is applied ..D.3.3.3 0.75 = 0.75 x 0.70 = 0.53
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ca1 = 4 in.
6" 6" 4"
Anchor spacing = 6 in. < 6ca1 ......OK s = 6 + 6 = 12 in. Abrg = 0.291 in.2 f c = 4000 psi
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The maximum tension demand that the whole bolt formation can support in side-face blowout = 18.4x8/5 = 29.5 kips
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ca1 = 4 in.
6" 6" 4"
Anchor spacing = 8 in. < 6ca1 ......OK s = 8 in. Abrg = 0.291 in.2 f c = 4000 psi
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The maximum tension demand that the whole bolt formation can support in side-face blowout = 16.4x12/5 = 39.3 kips
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Group strength in tension = 18.44 kips, governed by steel strength Suitable for application in buildings assigned to SDC C or higher
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20"
8"
4"
e
6" e
Vx
Vx
= 1 in.
eVy = 0
6" 4"
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Shear Failure
Check for possible reversal in direction of shear in anchor group due to load eccentricity eVx :
Vua/6 - [Tua/8]/3
Vua/6 + [Tua/8]/3
Vua/6 - [Tua/8]/3
Vua/6 + [Tua/8]/3
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Shear Failure
Check for possible reversal in direction of shear in anchor group due to load eccentricity eVx : Maximum shear = Vua/6 + Vua/24 = 5Vua/24 Minimum shear = Vua/6 Vua/24 = Vua/8 ..No shear reversal
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Shear in X-Direction
8"
4"
6"
vuax
6" 4"
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge
8" 4"
ca1 = 4 in. ha = 18 in. > 1.5ca1 (= 6 in.) .OK ca2,top > 1.5ca1 OK ca2,bottom < 1.5ca1 Only one edge distance < 1.5ca1 ca1 need not be revised
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1.5ca1
Vuax/2
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge
8" 4"
= [1.5x4 + 6 + 6 + 4][1.5x4]
1.5ca1
= 132 in.2 AVco = 4.5ca12 = 4.5x42 = 72 in.2 Number of bolts, n = 3 AVc < nAVco OK
AVc/AVco = 1.83
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Basic concrete breakout strength
le = 4 in.
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Eccentricity factor
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Edge factor
ca2, bottom = 4 in. < 1.5ca1 (= 6 in.)
= 0.90
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Cracking factor
Concrete is cracked at service load. It is assumed that supplementary reinforcement comprising of No. 4 bars is present between the anchors and the edges. No stirrup is used to enclose the reinforcement.
c,V = 1.2
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge
= 7.52 kips
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Strength reduction factor, = 0.75 for Condition A .D.4.4(c) For SDC C or above, a factor of 0.75 is applied ..D.3.3.3 0.75 = 0.75 x 0.75 = 0.56
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Design strength of the first row in concrete breakout in shear: 0.75Vcbg= 0.56 x 7.52 = 4.21 kips This needs to be compared against the fraction of the total shear demand causing this failure
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Vuax/2 = 4.21 kips Vuax = 8.42 kips This is the total shear demand that the whole group can support before Mode 1 failure takes place
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd column from the edge
8"
1.5ca1
4"
Vuax
ca2,bottom < 1.5ca1 Only one edge distance < 1.5ca1 ca1 need not be revised
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd column from the edge
8"
1.5ca1
4"
AVc/AVco = 0.94
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd column from the edge Basic concrete breakout strength
le = 4 in.
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd column from the edge Eccentricity factor
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd column from the edge Edge factor
ca2, bottom = 4 in. < 1.5ca1 (= 18 in.)
= 0.77
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd column from the edge Cracking factor
Concrete is cracked at service load. It is assumed that supplementary reinforcement comprising of No. 4 bars is present between the anchors and the edges. No stirrup is used to enclose the reinforcement.
c,V = 1.2
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd column from the edge
Vcbg =
= 17.19 kips
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd column from the edge Strength reduction factor, = 0.75 for Condition A .D.4.4(c) ..D.3.3.3 0.75 = 0.75 x 0.75 = 0.56
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd column from the edge Design strength of the first row in concrete breakout in shear: 0.75Vcbg= 0.56 x 17.19 = 9.62 kips This needs to be compared against the fraction of the total shear demand causing this failure
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Shear in X-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd column from the edge
Vuax = 9.62 kips This is the total shear demand that the whole group can support before Mode 2 failure takes place
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Shear in X-Direction
Design concrete breakout strength of the anchor group based on two failure modes: 1st Mode: 8.42 kips 2nd Mode: 9.62 kips 0.75Vcbg,x = 8.42 kips
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Shear in Y-Direction
20"
8"
4"
6"
e Vx = 1"
6" 4"
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vuay
Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge
20" 8" 4"
ca1 = 4 in. ha = 18 in. > 1.5ca1 ca2,right = 4 in. < 1.5ca1 ca2,left = 20 in. > 1.5ca1 OK .OK
Vuay/3
4"
1.5ca1
Only one edge distance < 1.5ca1 ca1 need not be revised
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge
AVc = [1.5ca1 + 8 + 4][Min(ha, 1.5ca1)]
20" 8" 4"
= [1.5x4 + 8 + 4][1.5x4] = 108 in.2 AVco = 4.5ca12 = 4.5x42 = 72 in.2 Number of bolts, n = 2 AVc < nAVco OK
4"
1.5ca1
AVc/AVco = 1.5
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge
Basic concrete breakout strength
le = 4 in.
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Eccentricity factor
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Edge factor
ca2, right = 4 in. < 1.5ca1 (= 6 in.)
= 0.90
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Cracking factor
Concrete is cracked at service load. It is assumed that supplementary reinforcement comprising of No. 4 bars is present between the anchors and the edges. No stirrup is used to enclose the reinforcement.
c,V = 1.2
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge (D-22) 108 72 0.86 x 0.90 x 1.2 x 3.8
Vcbg =
= 5.29 kips
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Strength reduction factor,
= 0.75 for Condition A.D.4.4(c) For SDC C or above, a factor of 0.75 is applied ..D.3.3.3 0.75 = 0.75 x 0.75 = 0.56
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Design strength of the first row for concrete breakout in shear: 0.75Vcbg= 0.56 x 5.29 = 2.96 kips This needs to be compared against the fraction of the total shear demand causing this failure
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 1: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors closest to the edge Vuay/3 = 2.96 kips Vuay = 8.88 kips This is the total shear demand that the whole group can support before Mode 1 failure takes place
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd row from the edge
20" 8" 4"
ca1 = 4 + 6 = 10 in. ha = 18 in. > 1.5ca1 ca2,right = 4 in. < 1.5ca1 .OK
2Vuay/3
6" 4"
1.5ca1
ca2,left = 20 in. > 1.5ca1 OK Only one edge distance < 1.5ca1 ca1 need not be revised
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd row from the edge
AVc = [1.5ca1 + 8 + 4][Min(ha, 1.5ca1)]
20" 8" 4"
= [1.5x10 + 8 + 4][1.5x10] = 405 in.2 AVco = 4.5ca12 = 4.5x102 = 450 in.2 Number of bolts, n = 2
6" 4"
1.5ca1
AVc/AVco = 0.9
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd row from the edge Basic concrete breakout strength
le = 4 in.
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd row from the edge Eccentricity factor
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd row from the edge Edge factor
ca2, right = 4 in. < 1.5ca1 (= 15 in.)
= 0.78
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd row from the edge Cracking factor
Concrete is cracked at service load. It is assumed that supplementary reinforcement comprising of No. 4 bars is present between the anchors and the edges. No stirrup is used to enclose the reinforcement.
c,V = 1.2
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd row from the edge
Vcbg =
= 11.88 kips
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd row from the edge Strength reduction factor,
= 0.75 for Condition A .D.4.4(c)
For SDC C or above, a factor of 0.75 is applied ..D.3.3.3 0.75 = 0.75 x 0.75 = 0.56
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd row from the edge Design strength of the 2nd row for concrete breakout in shear: 0.75Vcbg= 0.56 x 11.88 = 6.65 kips This needs to be compared against the fraction of the total shear demand causing this failure
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 2: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 2nd row from the edge 2Vuay/3 = 6.65 kips Vuay = 9.98 kips This is the total shear demand that the whole group can support before Mode 2 failure takes place
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 3: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 3rd row from the edge
20" 8" 4"
ca1 = 4 + 6 + 6 = 16 in. ha = 18 in. < 1.5ca1 ca2,right = 4 in. < 1.5ca1 ca2,left = 20 in. < 1.5ca1 3 edge distances < 1.5ca1 ca1 needs to be revised
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Vuay
6" 6" 4"
Ca2,left = 20 in.
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 3: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 3rd row from the edge Revised ca1 = Greatest of ca2,right /1.5 = 4 / 1.5 = 2.67 in. ca2,left /1.5 = 20 / 1.5 = 13.33 in. ha /1.5 = 18 / 1.5 = 12 in. (1/3) spacing between anchors = 8 / 3 = 2.67 in. ca1 = 13.33 in.
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 3: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 3rd row from the edge
AVc = [1.5ca1 + 8 + 4][Min(ha, 1.5ca1)] = [1.5x13.33 + 8 + 4][18]
20"
8"
4"
= 576 in.2
6" 6" 4"
1.5ca1 = 20 in.
AVco = 4.5ca12 = 4.5x13.332 = 800 in.2 Number of bolts, n = 2 AVc < nAVco OK
AVc/AVco = 0.72
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 3: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 3rd row from the edge Basic concrete breakout strength
le = 4 in.
Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 3: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 3rd row from the edge Eccentricity factor
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 3: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 3rd row from the edge Edge factor
ca2, right = 4 in. < 1.5ca1 (= 20 in.)
= 0.76
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 3: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 3rd row from the edge Cracking factor
Concrete is cracked at service load. It is assumed that supplementary reinforcement comprising of No. 4 bars is present between the anchors and the edges. No stirrup is used to enclose the reinforcement.
c,V = 1.2
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 3: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 3rd row from the edge
Vcbg =
= 14.4 kips
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 3: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 3rd row from the edge Strength reduction factor, = 0.75 for Condition A ...D.4.4(c) For SDC C or above, a factor of 0.75 is applied ..D.3.3.3 0.75 = 0.75 x 0.75 = 0.56
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 3: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 3rd row from the edge Design strength of the 3rd row in concrete breakout in shear: 0.75Vcbg= 0.56 x 14.4 = 8.10 kips This needs to be compared against the fraction of the total shear demand causing this failure
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Shear in Y-Direction
Failure Mode 3: Concrete breakout occurs from the anchors in the 3rd row from the edge Vuay = 8.10 kips This is the total shear demand that the whole group can support before Mode 3 failure takes place
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Shear in Y-Direction
Design concrete breakout strength of the anchor group based on three failure modes: 1st Mode: 8.88 kips 2nd Mode: 9.98 kips 3rd Mode: 8.10 kips 0.75Vcbg,y = 8.10 kips
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