B nng nghip

v pht trin nng thn

---------S : 08 /2002/Q-BNN

Cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
-----------------------------------H Ni , ngy 15 thng 01 nm 2002

Quyt nh ca B tr|ng
B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn
V/v Ban hnh tiu chun ngnh
1. 10TCN 490-2001: My nng lm nghip v thu li - Xc nh mc
cng sut m ca ngun pht n - Ph|ng php o so snh ti hin tr|ng.
2. 10TCN 491-2001: My nng lm nghip v thu li - nh gi rung
ng ca my - Ph|ng php o trn cc b phn khng quay ti hin tr|ng.
B tr|ng B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn

- Cn c Ngh nh s 73/CP ngy 01 thng 11 nm 1995 ca Chnh ph quy nh

chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v t chc b my ca B Nng nghip v Pht
trin Nng thn.
- Cn c Ngh nh 86/CP ngy 08 thng 12 nm 1995 ca Chnh ph quy nh
phn cng trch nhim qun l Nh n|c v cht l|ng hng ho
- Xt ngh ca ng V tr|ng V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Cht l|ng sn
phm
Quyt nh
iu 1: Nay ban hnh cc tiu chun ngnh sau:
1. 10TCN 490-2001: My nng lm nghip v thu li - Xc nh mc cng
sut m ca ngun pht n - Ph|ng php o so snh ti hin tr|ng.
2. 10TCN 491-2001: My nng lm nghip v thu li - nh gi rung ng
ca my - Ph|ng php o trn cc b phn khng quay ti hin tr|ng.
iu 2: Quyt nh c hiu lc sau 15 ngy k t ngy k
iu 3: Cc ng Chnh Vn phng, V tr|ng V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Cht
l|ng sn phm, Lnh o cc t chc, c nhn c lin quan chu trch nhim thi
hnh quyt nh ny.
KT B tr|ng B Nng nghip
v Pht trin nng thn
Th tr|ng
( k)
Nguyn Thin Lun

2
B Nng nghip
v Pht trin Nng thn
------------

Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit nam

c lp- T do- Hnh phc

--------***--------

Tiu chun My nng lm nghip v thu li

Xc nh mc cng sut m ca ngun pht n ph|ng Php o so snh ti hin tr|ng
10tcn 490 - 2001
Agricultural, forestry and irrigation machines - Determination
of sound power levels of noise source - Comparison method in situ
Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 08/2002-Q-BNN-KHCN
ngy 15 thng 01 nm 2001

1. Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny quy nh ph|ng php o so snh, xc nh mc cng sut m ca i
t|ng th l my v thit b pht ra ting n lp t tnh ti hin tr|ng, gi tt l ngun
n th. Tt c cc php o |c tin hnh theo di octa. Tiu chun ny khng p dng
cho cc ngun n di ng.
1.1.1 khng m bo o ph thuc vo mi tr|ng th nghim, |c so snh nh gi
bng ch s m t phn b m thanh ring phn. Cp chnh xc ca ph|ng php ny c
th tho mn cc ph|ng php o k thut hoc ph|ng php iu tra.
1.1.2 Mc cng sut m ca ngun n th |c tnh t cc gi tr o mc p sut m ti cc
im o quy nh i vi ngun n th v ngun m thanh mu t|ng ng. Cc php tnh
ton u |c tin hnh ng vi cc di octa, t xc nh mc cng sut m theo c
tnh A.
1.2 Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc ngun pht ra ting n di tn rng. Khi p dng cho
cc ngun n di tn hp hoc m sc ri rc, khng m bo o c th ln hn gi tr
cng b trong tiu chun ny.
1.3 Tiu chun ny c th p dng cho cc mi tr|ng th bn ngoi phng th nghim,
c n nn thp v mc p sut m ti v tr micrphn ch yu ph thuc vo phn x
t cc mt phng bao quanh.

2. Tiu chun trch dn

3
x ISO 3747: 2000 m hc - Xc nh mc cng sut m ca ngun pht n bng p
sut m - Ph|ng php so snh ti hin tr|ng .
x TCVN 6775: 2001 (IEC 651: 1979 / Amd .1: 1993) m hc - My o mc m.
x TCVN 3151-79 Cc ph|ng php xc nh cc c tnh n ca my.

3. Thut ng, nh ngha v k hiu

Trong tiu chun ny p dng cc k hiu, thut ng v nh ngha sau:
3.1 p sut m p
S tng gim p sut trn nn p sut tnh khi xut hin m thanh, biu th bng Pa
(N/m2).
Ch thch: - ln ca p sut m c th biu din bng p sut m lin tc, p sut m cc i
hay p sut m hiu dng (gi tr trung bnh bnh ph|ng trong khong thi gian hay khng gian xc
nh).

3.2 Mc p sut m Lp
Mc p sut m l i l|ng |c tnh theo biu thc:
Lp

20 lg

p
p0

trong : Lp - mc p sut m, dB;

p - p sut m trung bnh bnh ph|ng, Pa;
p0 - p sut m i chiu (p0 = 2.10-5Pa).
3.3 Mc p sut m t|ng |ng Lp eq, T
Mc p sut m ca ngun m n nh lin tc trong khong thi gian T c gi tr bng
trung bnh bnh ph|ng mc p sut m thay i theo thi gian, tnh theo cng thc:
L p eq,T

10 lg

1
T

p 2 (t )
p 02

dt

10 lg

1
T

10

0,1L p ( t )

dt

| 10 lg (10

0 ,1L pi

)  10 lg n

i 1

trong : Lp eq,T - mc p sut m trung bnh trong khong thi gian T, dB;
Lp(t) - mc p sut m tc thi, dB;
Lpi - mc p sut m th i trong n mc cn ly trung bnh (i = 1, 2, ..., n), dB;
n

10 lg 10

0 ,1L pi

- tng ca n mc p sut m, dB.

i 1

Ch thch: - Khi o mc p sut m ti cc di octa s xc nh |c mc p sut m octa t|ng

ng.
- Mc p sut m t|ng |ng Lp eq,T hiu chnh theo c tnh A (k hiu t|ng ng l
LpAeq,T), vit tt l LpA |c tnh theo cng thc LpA = 20lg(pA/p0), pA l gi tr p sut m
trung bnh bnh ph|ng hiu chnh theo c tnh A c trn my o n, Pa.

3.4 octa

4
Di tn s gii hn bi hai tn s m t s gia tn s gii hn trn v tn s gii hn
d|i bng hai (21). V d: di octa vi tn s trung tm 1kHz bao gm cc tn s t
0,7071kHz n 1,4142kHz.
Ch thch: - Di mt phn ba octa (1/3 octa) l di tn gii hn bi hai tn s gii hn trn v
gii hn d|i m t s gia chng bng 21/3 | 1,2599.

3.5 Tn s trung tm
Tn s danh nh ca di bng thng, c tr s bng trung bnh nhn (cn bc hai ca
tch s) gia cc tn s danh nh gii hn trn v gii hn d|i ca bng thng .
3.6 Cng sut m PW
Mc nng l|ng m thanh truyn trong khng kh trn mt n v thi gian, pht ra t
mt ngun xc nh, biu th bng W (Ot).
3.7 Mc cng sut m LW
Mc cng sut m ca ngun n th, |c tnh theo cng thc:
LW

10 lg

PW
PW 0

trong : LW - mc cng sut m, dB;

PW - cng sut m, W;
PW0 - cng sut m i chiu (PW0 = 10-12W).
3.8 Ngun m thanh mu
Ngun pht ra m thanh di tn rng n nh v xc lp c mc cng sut m t|ng
thch, ph hp cho mc ch o th v |c hiu chun theo tiu chun thch hp.
3.9 V tr hiu chun
V tr |c xc nh tu thuc mt phng phn x m, ti ngun m thanh mu |c
hiu chun (iu 4.5).
3.10 Hp tham chiu
B mt ngoi gi thit ca hnh hp ch nht nh nht, cha va ngun m thanh v
b gii hn bi cc mt phng phn x.

3.11 Tr|ng m phn x

Phn tr|ng m trong bung th, trong c th b qua nh h|ng ca m thanh ti
trc tip t ngun n th.
3.12 Tr|ng m t do

5
Tr|ng m thanh ng nht, ng h|ng v khng phn x. Trong thc tin l tr|ng
m c mc phn x m khng ng k t mi pha trn ton di tn s quan tm.
3.13 Khong cch o dm
Khong cch gn nht t hp tham chiu n v tr micrphn trn b mt o l|ng
hnh hp, biu th bng m (mt).
3.14 B mt o l|ng
B mt gi thit bao quanh ngun pht n, trn b tr cc im o mc p sut m.
3.15 n nn
Tp m t mi ngun khi loi b ngun n th.
Ch thch: - n nn c th bao gm cc phn b m t cc ngun m thanh truyn trong khng
kh, qua rung ng kt cu v tp m in trong thit b o in t.

3.16 Di tn s quan tm
Trong tr|ng hp chung, di tn s quan tm bao gm cc di octa vi cc tn s trung
tm t 125Hz n 8000Hz.
Ch thch : - Nu m rng hoc thu hp di tn s quan tm ti |u cc qui trnh th i vi cc
ngun pht n nghing v di tn s m thanh cao (hoc thp), phi m bo iu kin cho mi tr|ng
th nghim, ngun m thanh mu v cp chnh xc ca thit b o trn ton di m rng hoc thu hp
.

- Trong khi xc nh mc cng sut m hiu chnh theo c tnh A (hoc hiu chnh
theo tn s), cho php b qua cc thnh phn trong di tn s khng tham gia vo mc cng sut
m theo c tnh A.
3.17 Ph|ng php so snh
Ph|ng php m theo , mc cng sut m |c tnh bng cch so snh cc gi tr o
|c ca mc p sut m t ngun n (i t|ng th) vi mc p sut m t ngun m
thanh mu c mc cng sut m pht ra bit trong cng mi tr|ng th.
3.18 di mc p sut m khong cch xc nh 'Lf
Hiu s gia |ng cong phn b m ca bung m v |ng cong phn b m ca
tr|ng m t do i vi ngun m thanh mu c chun tham chiu khong cch o xc
nh, biu th bng dB (tham kho Ph lc A).
3.19 Ch s nh h|ng DIi
S ch s v|t tri ca p sut m v mt h|ng ch o so vi cc h|ng khc ca
ngun m thanh, tnh theo biu thc:
DIi = Lpi - Lpf
trong : Lpi - mc p sut m o |c theo h|ng i trn b mt o l|ng, dB;

dB.

Lpf - mc p sut m trung bnh o |c cng khong cch ca b mt o l|ng,

4. Quy nh chung
4.1 Ph|ng php th nghim
Ph|ng php th theo tiu chun ny l o so snh cng sut m thanh pht ra ca
ngun n (i t|ng th) vi ngun m thanh mu c mc cng sut m bit. Mi
tr|ng th cn c tnh phn x r rt loi tr tnh nh h|ng ca ngun n th, khng
gy nh h|ng ng k ln kt qu o v gim khng m bo o n mc thp nht
c th.
nh gi khch quan iu kin o th nghim, ch cn xc nh ch s di 'Lf
i vi mi tr|ng th l (tham kho Ph lc A).
4.2 chnh xc
chnh xc ca php o ph thuc vo gi tr ca di 'Lf. Mt khc, ch s di
'Lf ph thuc vo s la chn ngun m thanh mu v v tr t micrphn. Do vy,
trong mt s tr|ng hp c th tng chnh xc o t cp 3 (ph|ng php iu tra) ln
cp 2 (ph|ng php k thut) nh thay i v tr t micrphn (tham kho Ph lc A).
4.3 khng m bo o
4.3.1 Mc cng sut m n tr ca ngun n th xc nh |c theo cc qui trnh trong
tiu chun ny c th sai khc so vi gi tr tht mt l|ng khng v|t qu khng m
bo o (KB). Cc yu t bt li ca mi tr|ng th, k thut thc nghim v c tnh
nh h|ng ca ngun n th c th lm tng KB ca kt qu xc nh mc cng
sut m.
4.3.2 Mc cng sut m ca ngun n th v lch chun ca gi tr o di octa |c
xc nh ph hp vi cc iu khon trong tiu chun ny cc mi tr|ng th khc nhau
c th khc nhau. Nhn chung, lch chun ny ph thuc vo ch s di 'Lf v
khng v|t qu gi tr mc cng sut m hiu chnh theo c tnh A cho trong Bng 1.
Nu khng |c l|ng |c, lch chun mc nh ca lp li SR l 4,0dB.
4.3.3 Cc gi tr cho trong Bng 1 l lch chun ca lp li SR trong c tnh n
KB, nh|ng khng tnh n s thay i ca cng sut m pht ra do cc thay i trong
iu kin vn hnh nh| tc quay, in p l|i hoc iu kin lp t .v.v. (ISO 3747:
2000).
Bng 1. Gi tr gii hn trn |c l|ng lch chun ca lp li SR
mc cng sut m ngun n th hiu chnh theo c tnh A.
Gi tr gii hn trn lch chun ca
lp li SR mc cng sut m ngun Cp chnh
Ch s di 'Lf
xc
n th hiu chnh theo c tnh A

7
'LfA > 7dB*

1,5dB

Cp 2

4,0dB
Cp 3
'LfA < 7dB hoc
khng xc nh
* Phi p ng mi v tr ca micrphn
Ch thch: - i vi cc ngun pht n di tn hp, m thanh ri rc v cc t hp ca chng,
lch chun cho trong Bng 1 c th c gi tr ln hn, khng t |c cp chnh xc k thut (cp
2).
4.3.4 KB ph thuc vo lch chun ca lp li cho trong Bng 1, theo

xc nh sai s h thng vi tin cy mong mun. V d: mc cng sut m ca ngun

n th vi tin cy 90% d on nm trong khong 1,645 SR; cn vi tin cy 95% nm trong khong 1,96 SR.
Ch thch : - Khi SR v|t qu 2dB, c th khng p dng khong tin cy.

4.3.5 Mc cng sut m hiu chnh theo c tnh A ca lp li |c xc nh vi

lch chun thay i theo gi tr ch s di 'Lf cho trong Bng 1 ch yu ph thuc vo
cc mc trong di tn s t 250Hz n 4000Hz. lch chun s cao hn nu cc tn s
thp hn 500Hz c vai tr ch o i vi mc cng sut m hiu chnh theo c tnh A.
Ng|c li, nu cc tn s ch o cao hn 2000Hz - khi ngun n th c tnh nh
h|ng cao hn. C hai tr|ng hp trn nu c cc b mt hp th m mnh gn cc ngun
n th (v d: trn hp th m), KB s ln hn.
Ch thch: - Nu khng s dng ngun m thanh mu cc v tr nh| |c hiu chun s lm
tng KB cc tn s thp. V d: ngun m thanh mu |c b tr khong cch t|ng
i gn b mt phn x, khc vi cch b tr trong qu trnh hiu chun.

4.4 Thit b o
4.4.1 Thit b o mc p sut m bao gm thit b in t khuych i - lc - ch th,
micrphn, dy cp v my chun phi tho mn cc yu cu i vi thit b o cp 1 qui
nh trong TCVN 6775: 2001 v TCVN 3151 - 79.
4.4.2 Kim tra micrphn v hiu chun ton b thit b o mt hoc nhiu tn s trn
ton di tn s quan tm trong mi lot o bng thit b hiu chun m thanh.
4.4.3 Kim tra s t|ng thch ca my chun mt ln trong nm v s t|ng thch ca
thit b o t nht hai nm mt ln ti cc phng th nghim c dn sut chun.
Ghi gi d liu ca ln kim tra sau cng v khng nh s t|ng thch vi cc tiu
chun lin quan.
4.5 Ngun m thanh mu
4.5.1 Ngun m thanh mu phi tho mn cc c tnh k thut sau:

8
- Mc cng sut m trn ton b di tn s t 50Hz n 20000Hz ti mi di 1/3
octa iu kin lm vic xc lp, n nh theo thi gian vi lch chun khng ln hn
r1dB.
- Ph tn phi ph t nht di tn s trung tm 1/3 octa t 100 n 10.000Hz. Mc
cng sut m hiu chnh iu kin phng vang hoc phng cm c nn phn x m phi
nm trong khong 12dB v khng sai khc 3dB i vi cc di 1/3 octa lin k nhau.
- Ch s nh h|ng ln nht ca cc di 1/3 octa khng ln hn +6dB.
Ch thch: - Khng c yu cu ring bit v mc cng sut m di rng i vi ngun m thanh
mu.

4.5.2 Ngun m thanh mu c c tnh k thut ph hp phi |c hiu chun theo tiu
chun thch hp.
Ch thch: - Kt qu hiu chun ch ng khi v tr ca ngun m thanh mu cch xa t|ng,
trc tip trn nn hay thng ng bn trn nn khong cch quy nh.
- Ch s dng ngun m thanh mu cc v tr c th khc nu hiu chun ng
vi cc v tr . Nu khng, sai s h thng s xut hin cc tn s thp.

4.6 iu kin vn hnh ngun n th

4.6.1 m bo iu kin vn hnh qui nh trong m s th nghim lin quan cho i
t|ng th (kiu my hay thit b ring bit). Nu khng c m s th, vn hnh ngun n
th theo cch ph thng. Chn mt hoc mt s cc iu kin vn hnh sau y cho i
t|ng th, nu c th:
- Mc ti hoc iu kin vn hnh qui nh;
- Mc ti danh nh (nu khc tr|ng hp trn);
- Khng ti;
- iu kin vn hnh ng vi mc pht n ti a in hnh trong ch nh mc;
- Mc ti m phng iu kin xc nh (phi vn hnh mt cch thn trng);
- iu kin vn hnh vi chu k lm vic c tr|ng.
4.6.2 Phi n nh v duy tr khng i iu kin vn hnh tr|c khi tin hnh mi php
o xc nh mc cng sut m ca ngun n th theo mi t hp iu kin vn hnh
chn (v d: mc t ti, tc quay, nhit , v.v.).
4.6.3 La chn v m bo kiu vt liu |c ch bin hay kiu dng c |c s dng
trong thc t sao cho cc thng s vn hnh ph c tr|ng cho ch vn hnh t thay i
nht, nu ngun n th pht ra ph thuc vo cc thng s ny. Phi cng b dng c v
vt liu th ng vi m s th cho nhm ngun n th nht nh.
4.6.4 m bo cc iu kin vn hnh ph bin v in hnh nht cho nhm ngun n th
nht nh c lp li cao. Phi cng b cc iu kin vn hnh trong cc m s th ring
bit.

9
4.6.5 Nu cc iu kin vn hnh m phng |c s dng, chng s |c chn |a ra
mc cng sut m in hnh iu kin s dng chun ca ngun n th.
4.6.6 Kt qu o t mt s iu kin vn hnh ring bit duy tr trong cc khong thi
gian xc nh s |c lin hp bng php trung bnh nng l|ng thnh kt qu tng hp
ca c quy trnh vn hnh, nu thch hp.
4.6.7 iu kin vn hnh ca ngun n th trong qu trnh o phi |c m t y
trong bo co th nghim.
4.7 iu tra s b
4.7.1 n nn
Tt ngun n (i t|ng th), bng trc gic nghe hay dng my o mc n xc nh
vng c th c mc n cao. Bt ring r ln l|t ngun n th v ngun m thanh mu,
nh gi s b mc n trong cc vng c n nn v |a ra kt lun v s cn thit phi
quan tm hay khng n chun c n nn trong iu 5.3. Chn cc vng khng c vn
n nn s dng sau ny.
4.7.2 c tnh ngun n th
4.7.2.1 i vng quanh ngun n th, bng trc gic nghe, xem xt nh gi. Xc nh
tm hnh hc ca mt b phn c mc pht n ni tri nht lm tm m thanh ca ngun
n, nu c. Nu khng c b phn pht n ni tri, loi tr tt c cc b phn khng pht
n ca i t|ng th v coi tm hnh hc ca phn cn li lm tm m thanh ca ngun
n.
4.7.2.2 o p sut m khong cch 1m t hp tham chiu, cao H = 1,5m trn mt
sn. Nu ngun n th pht x nh h|ng v pha tr|c, chn chiu cao H sao cho cc v
tr ca micrphn thong v h|ng thng v tm m thanh ca ngun n th. Nu mc p
sut m dc theo vng bao ny bin i t hn 4dB, ngun n th |c xem nh| l khng
nh h|ng (u theo mi h|ng). Nu bin i ln hn 4dB - c nh h|ng.
4.8 V tr ca ngun m thanh mu
4.8.1 Mt v tr
4.8.1.1 Thng th|ng cn mt ngun m thanh mu l . V tr ca ngun m thanh mu
cng gn tm m thanh ca ngun n th cng tt, ngoi tr v tr khc c th m phng
|c biu ca ngun pht n mt cch r rt v tt hn. t ngun m thanh mu ln
trn ngun n th, nu c th. Nu khng, chn mt v tr dc theo s|n ngun n c
cao thch hp m phng tt nht hnh dng biu ca ngun pht n. Cc v tr o phi
cch xa mt bn ca hp tham chiu mt khong khng nh hn 0,5m (tr khi ngun m
thanh mu |c hiu chun ti cc v tr d nh o gn hn). i vi ngun pht n

10
khng nh h|ng, phi m bo cao thch hp ngun m thanh mu c th pht v
mi h|ng.
4.8.1.2 Trong mi tr|ng th c tnh vang r rt, ngun m thanh mu c th |c t ti
cc v tr hiu chun hay ti cc v tr khc. Nu ti , KB tng i vi cc tn s
thp, xem iu 4.3.
Ch thch: - Cc h|ng dn tip theo cho trong Ph lc B.

4.8.2 Nhiu v tr
i vi ngun n th l ngun m thanh di tn rng hay c hn hai ngun m thanh c
tn s cch bit r rng, phi s dng nhiu v tr ngun m thanh mu. S l|ng ngun
m thanh mu ph thuc vo t s a/dm ( a l kch th|c ca ngun n th ln nht v
dm l khong cch o) nh| sau:
- Nu a/dm ln hn 1 v nu ngun n th pht x u theo mi h|ng, s dng vi
ngun m thanh mu c lp cch nhau mt khong d bng nhau dc s|n bn ngun n
th;
- Nu a/dm ln hn 1 v nu ngun n th c cc vng pht x m xc nh r rt, s
dng mt v tr ngun m thanh mu cho mi vng m;
- Nu a/dm nh hn 1 v nu ngun n th pht x u theo mi h|ng nh|ng khng
th s dng mt v tr ngun m thanh mu t trn nc my, phi s dng bn v tr
ngun m thanh mu dc theo s|n bn.

5. Quy trnh o
5.1 Chn v tr micrphn
5.1.1 Yu cu chung
B|c mt, b tr cc micrphn i din cc s|n bn ngun n th nghim c
lan truyn ng u cho ton b cc vng m (v d: i vi mi v tr micrphn trong
vng c tm nhn cng nh| mi vng m b chn tm nhn). Trnh cc v tr m ch
c mt phn ca ngun n th pht x ti.
B|c hai, s dng ba hoc bn v tr micrphn phn b u nhau xung quanh ngun n
th, nu c th. nh h|ng cc micrphn t|ng t nhau cho cc php o tin hnh vi
ngun m thanh mu v ngun n th. Chn khong cch o dm ln, cch xa cc mt
bao ca phng th t nht 0,5m v tr micrphn nm trong vng m mi tr|ng th c
iu kin tho mn KB theo ph|ng php k thut, ng vi lch chun SR d
1,5dB (tham kho Ph lc A).
Ch thch: - Nu phng th ln, s dng bn v tr micrphn trn cc mt bn ca hp mu.
Khong cch gia cc v tr micrphn phi khng nh hn 2m.
- Nu trn cao hp th m v cc tn s ch o cao hn 2000Hz, chn t nht hai v
tr micrphn cao v gn ngun n th sao cho khng mu thun vi cc yu cu lin quan.

11
5.1.2 Phn vng
Mc ch phn vng l nh gi s t|ng ng gia hnh
dng cc biu pht x ca ngun n th vi ngun m
thanh mu trong mt phng nm ngang khi c ngun n th
vn hnh. S dng cch phn vng theo Bng 3.
Bng 3. Phn vng hiu qu |c l|ng cng sut m

Pht x trc tip (khng

c mn chn)
Ngun n
Ngun m
th T
thanh mu M
C
Khng
Khng
C
C
C
C
C
C

Khng

Khng

Khong cch t|ng

i n micrphn r

Hiu qu |c l|ng
cng sut m

Ghi ch
vng

______
______
rT < rM
rT > rM

c l|ng qu cao
c l|ng qu thp
c l|ng cao
c l|ng thp
c l|ng cao hoc
thp khng nhiu
c l|ng hoc qu
cao hoc qu thp

++

rT | rM
(trong khong 10%)

______


+

+/
+ +/ 

Ch thch: - Tr khi phng th c tnh phn x m cao (cc t|ng bn hoc trn khng |c x
l m, khng c vt cn ln hp th m) khng c v tr micrphn no nm trong vng + +/ .
- rT v rM l khong cch t micrphn n ngun n th v n ngun m thanh
mu.

5.1.3 V tr micrphn
S dng bng phn vng trong iu 5.1.2 v kt hp vi cc
yu cu chung trong 5.1.1 chn v tr micrphn nh| sau:
a) Ngun n th c c tnh pht x u theo mi h|ng v ngun m thanh mu nm
trn i t|ng th (ngun n): Chn mt v tr micrphn bn mi s|n t do ca
ngun n th v tt c cc vng l + hoc +/.
b) Cc tr|ng hp cn li:

Tm cc v tr micrphn tho mn vng +/. Nu khng tm |c cc v tr

theo yu cu, cho php chn mt v tr micrphn nm trong vng +, mt v tr nm
trong vng +/ v mt hoc hai v tr nm trong vng .
5.2 Tin hnh o
5.2.1 Ch tin hnh o th khi m bo y cc iu kin quy nh trong iu 4 v sau
khi b tr hp l ngun m thanh mu v v tr micrphn (tham kho Ph lc B).

12
5.2.2 o xc nh mc p sut m trung bnh theo thi gian i vi ngun n th, ngun
n nn v ngun m thanh mu cho mi di octa quan tm (t 125Hz n 8000Hz). Ghi
chp y cc d liu cn thit sau:
- Mc p sut m L'pi(T) trong qu trnh vn hnh nh (iu 4.6) ca ngun n th
o |c v tr micrphn th i = 1, 2, ..., n.
- Mc p sut m L'pi(N) ca mc n nn o |c v tr micrphn th i = 1, 2, ..., n.
- Mc p sut m L'pi(M) ca ngun m thanh mu o |c v tr micrphn th i = 1, 2, ...,
n.
Ch thch: - Khi o ngun m thanh mu, s dng thi gian tch phn (thi gian o) T ln hn
30s. Nu ngun m thanh mu c ph di rng v v|t tri cc tn s trn 250Hz, khi s
dng T bng 10s.
- Thng th|ng ngun n th khng n nh, do vy cn chn thi gian tch phn ln
hn, v d: cha t nht mt chu k in hnh ca ngun n th.

5.2.3 Thng tin cn ghi chp

Ghi chp cc thng tin sau, nu p dng:
a) Ngun n th
- M t ngun n th nghim (bao gm c cc kch th|c);
- iu kin vn hnh (theo m s th, nu c);
- iu kin lp t (theo m s th, nu c).
b) Ngun m thanh mu
- Cng b s ph hp vi tiu chun trch dn;
- Cng b cc gi tr mc cng sut m hiu chun LW(M).
c) Mi tr|ng m hc
- M t mi tr|ng m th nghim;
- X l t|ng, trn hay nn;
- S ch r v tr ca ngun m v cc vt trong phng.
d) Thit b o
- Thit b dng o bao gm: tn, kiu, s lot v nh ch to;
- Ngy v ni hiu chun my chun v cc thit b m hc khc;
- Tn, kiu, s lot v nh ch to ngun m thanh mu |c s dng nh| thit b m
hc.
e) D liu m hc
- V tr micrphn v ngun n th (km s b tr, nu cn thit);
- V tr ngun m thanh mu.
5.3 Hiu chnh n nn
5.3.1 ng vi mi di octa cn thit phi hiu chnh cc mc p sut m L'pi o |c i
vi n nn nu L'pi(N) thp hn cc mc ny t 6dB n 15dB. Gi tr |c hiu chnh tnh
theo biu thc:

13
L pi

10 lg(10

L'pi / 10

 10

L'pi ( N ) / 10

Nu 'L = L'pi - L'pi(N) t 6dB th php o ph hp tiu chun ny. Thm ch nu php o
khng c hiu lc i vi di tn s n, n vn ng i vi gi tr hiu chnh theo c
tnh A, min l 'LA ln hn 6dB, 'LA = L'piAi - L'piAi(N).
Ch thch: - Khng lm hiu chnh nu 'L ln hn 15dB.

5.3.2 Nu chun c 6dB khng |c tho mn, cp chnh xc ca kt qu o b gim v

c th khng t cp chnh xc k thut (cp 2). Cp chnh xc iu tra (cp 3) |c duy
tr nu 3dB d 'L < 6dB. Phn hiu chnh ti a c th p dng cho cc php o ny l
1,3dB.
5.3.3 Cc d liu hiu chnh kt qu o v n nn phi |c bo co r rng bng vn
bn, bng s hoc th.

6. Tnh mc cng sut m

6.1 Mt v tr ngun m thanh mu
Cho mi di octa, tnh mc cng sut m LW theo biu thc:
LW

1 n 0,1'L
LW ( M )  10 lg 10 pi
n i 1

trong , cho mi di octa:

LW - mc cng sut m, dB;
n - s v tr micrphn;
LW(M) - mc cng sut m ca ngun m thanh mu t c tnh hiu chun;
'Lpi = Lpi(T) - Lpi(M);
Lpi(T) - mc cng sut m ca ngun n th v tr th i ca micrphn, hiu
chnh i vi n nn (i = 1, 2, ..., n);
Lpi(M) - mc cng sut m ca ngun m thanh mu v tr th i ca micrphn,
hiu chnh i vi n nn (i = 1, 2, ..., n).
6.2 Nhiu v tr ngun m thanh mu
Khi s dng nhiu v tr ngun m thanh mu, mc cng sut m LW cho mi di octa
tnh theo biu thc:
LW

1 m n 0,1( LWj ( M )  'L pij )

10 lg

10

mn j 1 i 1

trong : LWj(M) - mc cng sut m ca ngun m thanh mu, dB;

'Lpij = Lpi(T) Lpij(M);

14
i - v tr th i ca micrphn (i = 1, 2, ..., n)
j - v tr th j ca ngun m thanh mu (j = 1, 2, ..., m);
n - s v tr micrphn;
m - s v tr ngun m thanh mu.
6.3 Mc cng sut m hiu chnh theo c tnh A
Gi tr hiu chnh theo c tnh A |c tnh theo cng thc:

LWA 10 lg 100,1( LWk  Ak )

k

trong : LWA - mc cng sut m hiu chnh theo c tnh A, dB;

LWk - mc cng sut m di octa k, dB;
Ak - hng s hiu chnh theo c tnh A ca tn s trung tm ca di octa k.
Hng s hiu chnh cho trong Bng 4.

Bng 4. Hng s hiu chnh

Tn s, Hz
125
250
500
1000
2000
4000
8000

Hng s hiu chnh Ak

-16,1
-8,6
-3,2
0
1,.2
1,0
-1,1

6.4 c l|ng khng m bo o

Nu 'Lf ln hn hoc bng 7dB, KB t|ng ng vi ph|ng php o k thut.
Trong cc tr|ng hp khc nn c gng ci thin 'Lf (tham kho Ph lc A). KB
d|i dng lch chun ca lp li cho trong Bng 1.

7. Bo co kt qu
Bin bn bo co phi bao gm (tham kho Ph lc C):
- Tn v a ch ca ng|i (t chc) thc hin o th nghim;
- S nhn dng ca bin bn th nghim;
- Tn v a ch ca ng|i (t chc) yu cu th nghim;
- Bo co cc hng mc o trong iu 5.2.3;

15
- Mc p sut m ti tt c cc v tr micrphn i vi ngun n th v ngun m
thanh mu hiu chnh theo c tnh A (nu yu cu, c d|i dng cc di octa);
- Mc cng sut m |c tnh theo dB, hiu chnh theo c tnh A d|i dng cc di
octa, lm trn v tr s gn nht, tnh bng dB (so vi P0 = 10-12W);
- 'Lf v KB theo Bng 1;
- Ngy thc hin o th;
- Thng tin v n nn, mi loi nu c (xem iu 5.3).
-

Cng b tnh trng v s ph hp ca cc mc cng sut m o |c vi cc yu

cu ca tiu chun ny.

Ph lc A
(quy nh)

nh gi di 'Lf v khng m bo o
A.1 Xc nh khng m bo o
KB |c xc nh theo trnh t trong l|u Hnh A.1 d|i y

16

Kho st ngun n

Chn s b v tr b tr ngun m thanh mu

(iu 8 v Ph lc B)

Chn s b v tr b tr micrphn (iu 9 v

Ph lc B)

Xc nh di 'Lf
(Ph lc A)

Tm cc v tr micrphn
t iu kin 'Lf t 7dB

Cp chnh xc 2 Ph|ng php k thut

Cp chnh xc 3 Ph|ng php iu tra

Khng

Khng

C tho mn cp chnh
xc 3 khng ?

Hnh A.1 - L|u xc nh khng m bo o

A.2 Xc nh di 'Lf
Chn v tr thun li ca ngun m thanh mu ln cn ngun n th. Thay i khong
cch o r, o mc p sut m Lpr do ngun m thanh mu pht ra theo h|ng o khng c
vt cn. di 'Lf ca mc cng sut m |c xc nh theo cng thc:
'L f

r
L pr  LW ( M )  11dB  20 lg
r0

(A.1)

trong : 'Lf - di mc cng sut m, dB;

LW(M) - mc cng sut m ca ngun m thanh mu, dB;
Lpr - mc p sut m o |c ti khong cch r t ngun m thanh mu, dB;
r - khong cch gia ngun m thanh mu v micrphn, m;
r0 = 1m.

17
Ch thch: - Khi mc p sut m |c hiu chnh theo c tnh A, k hiu ch s di s l
'LfA.
- Khi ph tn s ca ngun m thanh mu t|ng t nh| ngun n th, th |ng cong
suy gim m thanh lin quan n cc mc hiu chnh theo c tnh A. Nu khng, o theo di tn
s v cc mc hiu chnh theo c tnh A ca |ng cong suy gim m thanh v tnh theo ph
ca ngun n th.
- Khi ph tn s ca ngun n th v ngun m thanh mu khc nhau nh|ng ph ca
ngun n th c c tnh di tn rng vi gi tr cc i nm trong khong 500Hz -1000Hz th
sau khi hiu chnh theo c tnh A c th s dng |ng cong suy gim ca di octa 1000Hz.

S dng |ng cong phn b m thanh 'Lf(r) xc nh khong cch d cn thit gia
micrphn v hp tham chiu vi 'Lf t 7dB. Nu khng xc nh |c |ng cong phn
b m thanh theo ph|ng php m t trn, hy s dng biu thc A.1 xc nh 'Lf ti
v tr micrphn chn.
Nu khng c v tr no ca micrphn tho mn iu kin 'Lf(r) t 7dB th mi tr|ng
th ni chung khng tho mn cc yu cu ca ph|ng php k thut theo tiu chun ny
cho bt k ngun n th no.

Ph lc B
(tham kho)

H|ng dn b tr ngun m thanh mu v micrphn

khi s dng mt v tr ngun m thanh mu

B.1 Khi qut chung
Cc v tr mong mun ca ngun m thanh mu v micrphn lin quan n ngun n th
ph thuc vo kiu, hnh dng biu pht x ca ngun n th. Tu thuc ngun n th
pht x khng nh h|ng (u theo mi h|ng), hay nh h|ng ch yu theo mt hoc mt
s h|ng theo ph|ng nm ngang, c th xc nh bng cch chuyn dch my o mc m

18
xung quanh cch cc mt bn ngun n th 1m cao cch nn 1,2m. Nu s thay i
mc p sut m o |c nh hn 4dB, c th xem ngun n th c c tnh pht x khng
nh h|ng.
Nu s thay i ca mc p sut m o |c ln hn hoc bng 4dB, cc h|ng theo
ph|ng nm ngang c mc pht n v|t tri phi |c xc nh.

B.2 Gi 1
B tr ngun m thanh mu v tr sao cho hnh dng biu pht x ca n khi c
ngun n th vn hnh v hnh dng biu pht x ca ngun n th t|ng t nhau.
i vi ngun n th pht x khng nh h|ng trong khng gian, b tr ngun m
thanh mu bn trn ngun n th l c bit thun li (Hnh B.1).
1
2
3
2

1
4

3
2

3
Hnh B.2 - B tr ngun m thanh mu khi ngun
n th c
nh h|ng
1- Chiu nh h|ng pht x m; 2- Micrphn; 3- V tr ngun m thanh mu
Hnh B.1 - B tr v tr ngun m thanh mu khi ngun n th pht x
khng nh h|ng (u theo mi h|ng).
1- V tr thun li cho ngun m thanh mu; 2- Micrphn; 3- Ngun n
th khng nh h|ng; 4- V tr khng thch hp cho ngun m thanh mu.
i vi ngun n th pht x ch yu theo h|ng xc nh c ph|ng ngang trong
khng gian, b tr ngun m thanh mu bn cnh v h|ng pht x ca ngun n th l
thun li (Hnh B.2).

B.3 Gi 2
Khi ngun n th c ngun m ch o v bit |c v tr ca n, nn t ngun m
thanh mu:
- Gn ngun n th n mc c th;

19
- Bn trn ngun n th nu ngun m ch o khng nh h|ng (Hnh B.3).
1
2

Hnh B.3 - B tr ngun m thanh mu khi ngun n th c ngun m

ch o khng nh h|ng (u theo mi h|ng).
1- V tr ngun m thanh mu thun li; 2- Ngun n pht x khng nh h|ng.

- t ngun m thanh mu bn cnh ngun n th v pha c pht x m ch o,

nu vic b tr bn trn ngun n th l khng kh thi (Hnh B.4).

1
2

Hnh B.4 - B tr ngun m thanh mu thun li khi ngun m ch o ca

ngun n th c tnh nh h|ng.
1- H|ng pht m ch o; 2-V tr ngun m thanh mu thch hp.

B.4 Gi 3

20
i vi v tr ngun m thanh mu t bn cnh ngun n
th, nh|ng b chn bi ngun n th v ngun n th pht x
v pha vng b chn, nn t mt v tr micrphn trong
1
3

x
2

Hnh B.5 - B tr micrphn khi ngun m thanh mu b chn bi ngun n

th.
1- Ngun n th nh| l mn chn; 2- V tr ngun m thanh mu;
3- Vng b chn khi ngun m thanh mu vn hnh, nh|ng khng b chn khi
ngun n th vn hnh. Micrphn nm trong vng b chn ny.
vng b chn (Hnh B.5).

B.5 Gi 4
Khng nn t micrphn gn mt phng thng ng cha ngun m thanh mu hoc v
tr c ngun m ch o ca ngun n th.
Nu khng tn ti ngun m ch o (v d: ngun m thanh phn b trn mt khi ln
ca ngun n th) hoc khng th nhn dng cho cc ng dng gi trn, trng tm
ca ngun n s |c xem l v tr ngun m ch o ca ngun n th.
2
1
r

Hnh B.6 - Mt ct nhn t trn xung ca ngun n th: v tr micrphn

lin quan n cc ngun m khc nhau.
1- Ngun m ch o ca ngun n th; 2- V tr ngun m thanh mu;
3- V tr micrphn.

Chun c |c khuyn co chp nhn v tr micrphn l:

21
0,8 d

r
d 1,2
d

trong : r - khong cch t v tr t micrphn n ngun m thanh mu, m;

d - khong cch t micrphn n v tr ngun m thanh ch o (Hnh B.6), m.

Ph lc C
(tham kho)
Tn C s thc hin o th nghim
...............................................
a ch:..................................
Tel..................Fax..................

Mu Bin bn o th nghim
S..............
1. Khch hng :
Tn: ........................................................................................
a ch: ...................................................................................
in thoi:................................ Fax: ......................................
2. i t|ng o th nghim :
2.1 Tn/m hiu: ....................... Kiu: ............... Ni sn xut: ................ Nm: ...............
2.2 c tr|ng k thut chnh:
Cng sut nh mc: ............................. kW/ kVA / kVar
Tc quay nh mc: ......................... min-1
Vt liu hay dng c |c s dng: ....................................
Kch th|c chnh (di x rng x cao): ...................................
Cc thng s khc: ...............................................................

22
2.3 Tiu chun/Ph|ng php p dng:...................................................................................
3. Ch o th nghim:
Trong nh
Ngoi tri
4. iu kin o th nghim
4.1 a im :.........................................................................................................................
4.2 Thi gian : T ...................................n............................................................
4.3 Mi tr|ng : Nhit ........0C
m.........%RH
p sut kh quyn...........Pa
Cc thng s c tr|ng m hc (tr|ng m phn x hoc phng cm c nn phn x .v.v.)
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
4.4 iu kin vn hnh th nghim: .
4.5 S b tr ngun n th nghim v cc thit b khc
4.6 S b tr micrphn v bng gi tr mc cng sut m hiu chun LW(M), dB (nu p
dng).

5. Ph|ng tin o th nghim

S
Tn/K m hiu
Di o,
TT
thit b
dB
1
Thit b o
2
Ngun m thanh mu
...

Tn s,
Hz

Sai s/
KB

Ni ch
to

Ngy ht hn
hiu chun

6. Kt qu o th nghim
6.1 Bng s liu (ng vi tin cy 95% v bc t do k= n-1) hiu chnh theo c tnhA.
Kt qu o, dB
Sai s / KB, dB
V
tr

Mc p
Nn
Mc cng
Mc p sut
Mc cng
Mc p
o
n
sut m ca m ca ngun sut m ca
di
sut m sut m ca
th ca ngun ngun m
ngun n
Lp(N)
m mu
ngun n th
'Lf
th LW
n th Lp(T) mu Lp(M)

...

23
Ch thch: - Ch r ch o di tn rng, octa hay 1/3 octa ph hp yu cu o th.

6.2 Ghi ch
...............................................................................................................................................
.
7. Ng|i o th nghim v tnh ton kt qu:
8. Kt lun/ nhn xt............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
.

.....................................................................................................................................
KT B tr|ng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
Th tr|ng Nguyn Thin Lun : k