England

Capital: London Official language(s): English Government: Non-devolved constituent country within a constitutional monarchy - Monarch Elizabeth II - Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: David Cameron MP Legislature: Parliament of the United Kingdom Patron saint: Saint George Currency: Pound sterling (GBP) England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom Climate England has a temperate maritime climate: it is mild with temperatures not much lower than 0 C (unknown operator: u'strong' F) in winter and not much higher than 32 C (unknown operator: u'strong' F) in summer. Economy England's economy is one of the largest in the world, with an average GDP per capita of 22,907. The economy of England is the largest part of the UK's economy, Science and technology Prominent English figures from the field of science and mathematics include Sir Isaac Newton, Michael Faraday, Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle, Joseph Priestley, J. J. Thomson, Charles Babbage, Charles Darwin, Stephen Hawking, Christopher Wren, Alan Turing, Francis Crick, Joseph Lister, Tim Berners-Lee, Paul Dirac, Andrew Wiles and Richard Dawkins. Demography Population With over 51 million inhabitants, England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom, accounting for 84% of the combined total. Language The English-speaking world. Countries in dark blue have a majority of native speakers. Countries in light blue have English as an official language, de jure or de facto. English is also one of the official languages of the European Union. As its name suggests, the English language, today spoken by hundreds of millions of people around the world, originated as the language of England, where it remains the principal tongue today. Religion Canterbury Cathedral, seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury Christianity is the most widely practised religion in England, as it has been since the Early Middle Ages, although it was first introduced much earlier, in Gaelic and Roman times. Culture Architecture St Paul's Cathedral, English Baroque Many ancient standing stone monuments were erected during the prehistoric period, amongst the best known are Stonehenge, Devil's Arrows, Rudston Monolith and Castlerigg. Cuisine Traditional examples of English food include the Sunday roast, featuring a roasted joint, usually beef, lamb or chicken, served with assorted boiled vegetables, Yorkshire pudding and gravy. Museums, libraries, and galleries There are many museums in England, but the most notable is London's British Museum. Its collection of more than seven million objects[275] is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the world,[276] sourced from every continent, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The British Library in London is the national library and is one of the world's largest research libraries, holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats; including around 25 million books.[277] The most senior art gallery is the National

Gallery in Trafalgar Square, which houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13 century to 1900.[278] The Tate galleries house the national collections of British and international modern art; they also host the famously controversial Turner Prize. Sports England has a strong sporting heritage, and during the 19th century codified many sports that are now played around the world. Sports originating in England include association football,[281] cricket, rugby union, rugby league, tennis, badminton, squash,[282] rounders,[283] hockey, boxing, snooker, billiards, darts, table tennis, bowls, netball, thoroughbred horseracing and fox hunting. It has helped the development of sailing and Formula One. Football is the most popular of these sports. The England national football team, whose home venue is Wembley Stadium, won the 1966 FIFA World Cup against the Germany national football team where they won it 42 in extra time helped by the fact that Geoff Hurst scored a hatrick.[284] That was the year the country hosted the competition. At club level England is recognised by FIFA as the birth-place of club football, due to Sheffield FC founded in 1857 being the oldest club.[281] The Football Association is the oldest of its kind, FA Cup and The Football League were the first cup and league competitions respectively. In the modern day the Premier League is the world's most lucrative football league[285] and amongst the elite.[286] The European Cup (now the UEFA Champions League) has been won by Liverpool, Manchester United, Nottingham Forest, Aston Villa and Chelsea, while Arsenal, and Leeds United have reached the final.

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