(BIL 283) 21 - 27 Februari 2007

Physics

S7
BH PILIH S7 21 emel

By Physics Teacher

Forces in Equilibrium
until the rope A makes an angle of 300 . (Given g = 10 N kg -1). Calculate a) weight of the mass of 5 kg, b) write the equations involve in the situation, c) the tension of rope A, TA and d) the magnitude of force, F. ii. From (2), F cos 600 = TQ F = = = TQ cos 60 0 80.0 0.5 160.0 N

Equilibrium forces are two or more forces acting on a system in equilibrium. When the system is in equilibrium, the net forces or resultant force, FR is zero. The system or object will either be in the following situation or state, a) at rest or static equilibrium b) in motion with constant velocity or dynamic equilibrium Examples: i. An object resting on a table.

Solution:
a) Weight, W = m g = 5 x 10 = 50.0 N

b) Component x axis, TA cos 300 = F ------- (1) Component y axis, TA sin 300 = W ------- (2) W = m g ------- (3) c) From equation (2) and (3) TA sin 30 = m g
0

iii. From (1), TP = F sin 600 = 160.0 x 0.8666 = 138.66 N Examples Unbalanced Force

TA =

When the system is in equilibrium, Normal force, N = Weight, W Resultant forces, FR = N - W = 0 (zero) ii. A skydiver falling at terminal (constant) velocity. When any object is moved with constant velocity, the acceleration is zero. Therefore resultant forces is zero. FR = W - F = 0

mg sin 300 = 50 0.5 = 100.0 N

------ (4)

d) Substitute (4) into (1) F = TA cos 300 = 100.0 x 0.8666 = 86.66 N 2. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 2 Figure 1 shows the mass of 6 kg and 2 kg connected together by a rope and hung through the pulley. Figure 2 shows the forces acting on the system. The mass of 6 kg is moved down and the mass of 2 kg is moved up with the same acceleration a. The tension of rope T is the same. a) Write the equation involved in the system b) Calculate the acceleration of the mass motion c) Calculate the tension of the rope

iii. Figure above shows the object at rest on an inclined plane (rough surface). If the surface of the plane is smooth, the object will move to the ground. Resultant forces = force caused by gravity - friction FR = Fg - G = 0

Figure 2 shows a mass of 8 kg hung on the rod by rope Q. The rod is supported by rope P which is connected to a vertical pillar. The angle between the rod and the pillar is 600. a) Draw all the forces acting in the system. b) Write the equations involved in the system. c) Calculate i. the tension of rope Q ii. the magnitude of force acting on the rod iii. the tension of rope P

Solution:
m1 = 2 kg , m2 = 6 kg , W1 = m1 g , a = accelaration, T = tension W2 = m2 g ,

Solution:
a)

a) T - W1 = m1 a (net force) -------------- (1) W2 - T = m2 a -------------- (2) b) (1) + (2) , W2 - W1 = m2 a + m1 a a ( m2 + m1 ) = W2 - W2 = m2 g - m1 g

Problem Solving
1. b) Component x axis, TP = F sin 600 ------- (1) Component y axis, F cos 600 = TQ ------ (2) TQ = W = m g -------- (3)

a = m2 g - m1 g m2 + m1 = 60 - 20 6 + 2 = c) From (1), 40 8 = 5.0 m s -2

Figure 1 Figure 1 shows a mass of 5 kg hung by rope A on a rod. Rope B is connected to rope A and force, F is exerted to pull rope B

c) i. From (3) , TQ = = = =

W mg 8 x 10 80.0 N

T - W1 = m1 a T = W1 + m1 a = m1 g + m1 a = 20 + 10 = 30 N