Job Satisfaction as predictor of Life Satisfaction: A study on Lecturers in

Govt. & Private Colleges in Jammu.

Dr. Arti Bakhshi (Reader)

Kuldeep Kumar (JRF) Ph. 09469212552, e-mail: kkmalhotra1@yahoo.co.in
Shallu Sharma (Res. Scholar)
Ambica Sharma (Res. Scholar)
University of Jammu.

Abstract

The present study aims to find out the job-satisfaction and life satisfaction of the government
and private lecturers of Jammu district. A total of 60 lecturers (30 male and 30 female) were
selected using random sampling technique. The data was obtained through questionnaires
which were administered personally. Results indicated a significant difference in the job-
satisfaction of government and private college lecturers with government college lecturers
having higher job-satisfaction. Government and private college lecturers do not differ
significantly on life-satisfaction scores. A significant positive correlation between job-
satisfaction and life-satisfaction of overall sample was found. Positive correlation between
these two variables has important implications for managers and supervisors

Keywords: Job-Satisfaction, Life-Satisfaction, Lecturers

Job Satisfaction as predictor of Life Satisfaction: A study on Lecturers in
Govt. & Private Colleges in Jammu.

Introduction
Job satisfaction or Employee Satisfaction (also referred to as morale) is one of the most used
variables in Organizational Behavior. It is an employee's attitudinal response to his or her
organization. As an attitude, job satisfaction is summarized in evaluative component and
comprised of cognitive, affective, behavioral components. As with all attitudes, the relationship
between satisfaction and behavior, most specifically job performance and membership, is
complex. Job satisfaction plays an important role in determining the quality of one’s life. If one
is satisfied with one’s job, it will boost one’s morale and one will always aspire to rise further in
life. Job satisfaction not only improves quality of life but it also makes a person more confident
& secures future. Job satisfaction also brings to fore one’s hidden potential which otherwise
would have remained untapped if one is dissatisfied with job. A steady & a secure job give a
person the much needed financial security which is directly linked to a life full of contentment
and satisfaction. The job become more gratifying if one get a job of one’s own choice and one
enjoy work to the best of one’s abilities. Thus, a job in which a person is satisfied makes him or
her happy, prosperous, financially secure and gives much needed life satisfaction.

Operational definitions of the terms used

Job-satisfaction
Job-satisfaction is an employee's attitudinal response to his or her organization. As an attitude,
job satisfaction is summarized in evaluative component and comprised of cognitive, affective,
behavioral components. As with all attitudes, the relationship between satisfaction and behavior,
most specifically job performance and membership, is complex. But for the present study the
level of job-satisfaction was measured in two types of areas—job-intrinsic (factors residing in
the job itself) and job-extrinsic (factors lying outside the job).job-intrinsic area was further
conceptualized as job-concrete (say: excursions, working conditions etc.) and job-abstract (say:
cooperating, democratic functioning etc.); and job-extrinsic areas as consisting of three
components, viz., psycho-social aspects, financial aspects and community/nation growth aspect.

Life-satisfaction
The term life satisfaction indicates general well being. It has been defined as the function of the
physical, psychological and social well being of an individual. In other words life satisfaction is
the physical fitness (actual and perceived by an individual) and psychological health as the
leisure activities and social support network derived from the environment by an individual.

Objectives
1. To study the job- satisfaction of govt. and private college lecturers.
2. To study the life- satisfaction of govt. and private college lecturers.
3. To study the relationship between life- satisfaction and job- satisfaction of govt. and
private college lecturers.
Hypothesis
1. There will be significant difference in job- satisfaction of govt. and private college
lecturers.
2. There will be significant difference in life- satisfaction of govt. and private college
lecturers.
3. There will be significant correlation between job-satisfaction and life- satisfaction of govt.
and private college lecturers.
.

Significance of the study

Job-satisfaction and life- satisfaction of an individual are closely related to each other. Job-
satisfaction leads to life- satisfaction which brings in its wake a positive impact on one’s life. A
person who is wholly satisfied with his job is bubbling with positive energy, vigor, self-
confidence, ever ready to delve further into his choice field of study. As per the maxim, nothing
succeeds like success. A self confident person achieves one success after another and aims
higher and higher in his life because job satisfaction has given him or her much needed
confidence to achieve satisfaction in life.

Sample
The sample for the present study consists of lecturers of various private and government colleges
of Jammu district. A total of 60 lecturers were selected using random sampling technique. 30
lecturers (15 male &15 female) were selected from government colleges. Similarly, 30 lecturers
(15 male &15 female) were selected from private colleges.

Tools used:
Job-satisfaction Scale developed by Dr. Amar Singh and Dr. T.R.Sharma.
Life-satisfaction scale developed by Dr. Promila Singh and Dr. George Joseph.

Variables
Independent Variable: Type of College (Government/Private) & gender.
Dependent Variable: Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction.

Statistical tools
The SPSS 12 will be used to analyse the obtained data.
Results and Discussion
TABLE-I SUMMARY TABLE SHOWING THE MEAN AND S.D. OF JOB-
SATISFACTION AND LIFE-SATISFACTION SCORES OF COLLEGE LECTURERS

Type of college Gender Job-satisfaction Life-satisfaction

Pvt. Female N 15 15
Mean 125.6000 149.5333
Std. Deviation 6.79075 10.77608
Male N 15 15
Mean 124.4667 148.6000
Std. Deviation 6.57774 10.82194
Total N 30 30
Mean 125.0333 149.0667
Std. Deviation 6.59406 10.62182
Govt. Female N 15 15
Mean 131.2000 150.5333
Std. Deviation 7.59887 10.88161
Male N 15 15
Mean 129.1333 148.5333
Std. Deviation 7.59574 10.88161
Total N 30 30
Mean 130.1667 149.5333
Std. Deviation 7.53879 10.74062
Total Female N 30 30
Mean 128.4000 150.0333
Std. Deviation 7.63206 10.65277
Male N 30 30
Mean 126.8000 148.5667
Std. Deviation 7.37377 10.66313
Total N 60 60
Mean 127.6000 149.3000
Std. Deviation 7.48377 10.59309

TABLE-II COMPARISON OF THE MEANS OF JOB-SATISFACTION AND LIFE-

SATISFACTION OF MALE AND FEMALE LECTURERS

Variables
t-test for Equality of Means

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference

Job-satisfaction Equal variances assumed
-0.826 58 0.012 -1.60000 1.93753

Life-satisfaction Equal variances assumed

-0.533 58 0.596 -1.46667 2.75187
TABLE-III COMPARISON OF THE MEANS OF JOB-SATISFACTION AND LIFE-
SATISFACTION OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE LECTURERS

Variables
t-test for Equality of Means

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference

Job-satisfaction Equal variances assumed
2.807 58 0.007 5.13333 1.82861
Life-satisfaction Equal variances assumed 0.169 58 0.866 0.46667 2.75792

TABLE IV CORRELATION BETWEEN JOB-SATISFACTION AND LIFE-SATISFACTION

Variables Life-satisfaction

Job-satisfaction 0.505**

Table-I shows that female private college lecturers have higher job-satisfaction (M= 125.6, SD=
6.79) than male (M= 124.4, SD= 6.50). However the difference is not statistically significant at
0.05 level of significance. Similar is the case in government colleges; females are high on job-
satisfaction (M= 131.2, SD= 7.59) than male lecturers (M= 129.13, SD= 7.5). This is due to the
fact that for most of the women doing job is a matter of choice and not necessity as for male and
moreover, they are doing extra role besides their primary role of home making. This produces in
them a sense of achievement and a raised self esteem which in turn raises their job-satisfaction.

The overall job-satisfaction of the female lecturers in the total sample (M= 128.4, SD= 7.63) is
higher than their male counterparts (M= 120.8, SD= 7.37) and as the t-test (Table II) indicates
this difference is statistically significant (t = -0.82, p< 0.05) at 0.0.5 level of significance.

The results also indicate that female lecturers have higher life-satisfaction scores in both
government and private colleges as compared to male lecturers. However t-table (table III)
shows that there is no significant difference (t = 0.169, p > 0.05) in the life-satisfaction of male
and female, government as well as private college lecturers.
From Table IV, it is clear that there is a positive correlation (0.505) between job-satisfaction and
life satisfaction of overall sample. It indicates that as the job satisfaction of an individual
increases so does the life satisfaction of an individual. Thus it is clear that job-satisfaction is an
important factor that determines the life-satisfaction of an individual. However, the obtained
results and the methodology used do not permit us to conclude that there is a causal relationship
between these two variables. Thus, there may not be direct relationship between job-satisfaction
and life satisfaction but it may effect the life satisfaction through its effect on various other
variables such as quality of life, social network, support etc. which contributes positively to the
life-satisfaction of an individual.
Result clearly shows that there is a significant difference in job-satisfaction of male and female
college lecturers and also there is a positive correlation between job-satisfaction and life-
satisfaction, still there is no significant difference in the life satisfaction of male and female
lecturers. These results simply conclude that job satisfaction is not the only factor that
determines the life-satisfaction of an individual but there are other factors too.

Conclusions of the study

• There is a significant difference in the job-satisfaction of government and private college
lecturers with government college lecturers having higher job-satisfaction.
• Government and private college lecturers do not differ significantly on life-satisfaction
scores.
• There is a significant positive correlation between job-satisfaction and life-satisfaction of
overall sample.

Limitations of the study

1. The study was restricted to the colleges of Jammu Province only.
2. A sample of 60 makes it difficult to generalize the results.
3. The data was obtained through questionnaire and it has its own limitations.

References:
Chadha, N.K. & Kanwara, P. (1993). Quality of life among aged Indians. Journal of Psychiatry,
68 (1&2) 15-21
Rogers, J. D., Clow, K. E., & Kash, T. J. (1994). Increasing job satisfaction of service personnel.
Journal of Services Marketing, 8,(1), 14-26.
Singh, A. &.Sharma, T.R. Manual for Job-satisfaction Scale. NPC Agra
Singh, P. And Joseph, G. Manual For Life Satisfaction Scale. NPC Agra