One-Dimensional Arrays

One-dimensional arrays (tables) can be be accessed using Pentium MOV instructions with the appropriate addressing mode Consider a table of five elements containing 5 bytes stored starting at an offset 2000H in DS

The table is stored in memory as shown in the Figure

An index register such as DI can be initialized with the element number to read an element from this array into a register If (DI) = 2, then MOV CL , [2000H + DI] will load element 2 from offset 2002H into CL If (DI) = 4, then MOV CL,[2000H + DI] transfers element 4 into CL

Suppose that an array of 10 elements containing 32-bit data words is stored starting at an offset 4000H. The following instruction sequence can be used:

Two-Dimensional arrays
Assume a 2 x 3 matrix (two rows and three columns) as shown below Since memory is one-dimensional, this matrix is stored in memory using columnmajor or row-major ordering

Column-Major Ordering
The elements are stored column by column, starting with the first column

Row-Major Ordering
The elements are stored row by row, starting with the first row

Two-Dimensional arrays
Assume that an offset 2000H addresses the first element a[0,0] of the array In the C language, which uses row-major ordering, one can express displacement d of an element at row i and column j as: d=(i*t+j)*s

Where t is the total number of columns and s is the element size (1 for byte, 2 for 16-bit, and 4 for 32-bit) To find the displacement of element a[1 ,0] assuming that each element is 16-bit, the offset can be determined as follows:

i = 1 , j = 0, t = 3 (since 2 x 3 matrix), and s=2 (16-bit element). Hence, d = (1*3 + 0)*2 = 6 Therefore, the offset where element a[1 ,0] is stored = 2000H + 6 = 2006H Hence, the matrix above with row-major ordering can be stored with starting offset 2000H as follows:

Example

Solution

Questions and Problems

10.1 - 10.7 10.9 - 10.19 10.22 - 10.25 10.27 - 10.29

Pentium String Instructions Pages 377 382

Example
Using string instructions, write a Pentium assembly language program that moves 50 consecutive bytes from offset SOURCE to offset DESTINATION from low to high addresses: Using LOOP instruction Using REP prefix and string instructions

Example

Problem 11.6
Write a Pentium assembly program to move 100 words from a source with offset 0010H in ES to a destination with offset 0100H in the same extra segment

Problem 11.7
Write a Pentium assembly language program to compare two strings of 15 ASCII characters from LOW to HIGH memory The first character (string 1) is stored starting at offset 5000H in DS= 0020H followed by the string. The first character of the second string (string 2) is stored starting at 6000H in ES = 1000H

The ASCII character in the first location of string 1 will be compared with the first ASCII character of string 2, and so on As soon as a match is found, store 00EEH onto the stack; otherwise, store 0000H onto the stack. Initialize SS to 0500H and SP to 2000H

Problem 11.8
Write a Pentium assembly language program to move two columns of 100 32-bit numbers from A (i) at offset 4000H in DS to B (i) at offset 5000H in ES from LOW to HIGH memory In other words, move A (1) to B (1), A (2) to B (2), and so on