University Of The Philippines

COLLEGE OF LAW
Malcolm Hall Diliman, Quezon City

COURSE NUMBER Course title

LAW 109 CRIMINAL LAW I

PROFESSOR Consultation hours

ILDEFONSO R. JIMENEZ Phone and e-mail consultation is permitted. Personal consultation must be arranged with the Professor 09175609371 irjimenez81@yahoo.com

Course credit Class schedule

3 units Block D 9 12 am Block B 1 4 pm

Mobile phone E-mail

Course description Course goals

General principles of Criminal Law, criminal liability, and penalties.

To understand the general principles of Criminal Law, criminal liability, and penalties To apply critical thought to these concepts To improve the ability to discuss, orally and in writing, the nature and extent of criminal liability To gain added insight into human nature, in general, and to develop the students self-awareness, in particular, through encounters with fundamental notions of right and wrong, fairness, responsibility, motivation, and respect for law

Teaching methods and resources

Classroom discussion shall be the basic tool for learning. Using the Course Outline as a guide, the student is expected to read all the assigned materials, and come to class prepared to participate in the discussion. The Professor will call students to recite, although voluntary recitation comments and (intelligent) questions is encouraged and will, if deserved, be credited. The Professor shall facilitate the discussion by asking questions. The core materials shall be the Revised Penal Code and the assigned cases and special laws, supplemented by annotations on the Revised Penal Code by either Justice Luis B. Reyes or Justice Ramon C. Aquino. Books intended for bar review are discouraged. The student is advised to prepare his or her own digests of the assigned cases.

Evaluation and bases for grading

The students grade will be based on the evidence presented to prove his or her learning. The final grade will be computed based on the following: Recitation & quizzes - 60% Final Exam - 40%

Guidelines for classroom decorum

The basic rule in the classroom is simple observe courtesy at all times, both towards your teacher and your classmates. Among others, this means: o Coming to class on time and prepared; o Listening while others are speaking; o Not eating, smoking, or sleeping, (especially snoring while sleeping) in class; and o Turning off your cellular phone. Attendance will be checked, but not graded. However, if a student is absent and called for recitation, a recitation grade of 5.0 will be given. The University rule of dropping a student who is absent more than 20% of the assigned time will be applied. Each student will be allowed to pass recitation once during the semester. To pass recitation, the student must inform the professor BEFORE the start of class of his/her intention to pass recitation for that day. If you cannot avoid being late, enter the classroom as inconspicuously as possible. A 10-minute break will be called by the Professor around the mid-point of every session. While the College does not impose a dress code, the student is expected to dress appropriately.

COURSE OUTLINE AND CASE LIST Introduction I. General principles of Criminal Law A. Nature People vs. Genosa, 341 SCRA 493 B. Purposes 1. Identify wrongful behavior 2. Prescribe punishment De Joya vs. Jail Warden of Batangas City, 417 SCRA 636 Griffith vs. Court of Appeals, 379 SCRA 94 a. Retribution b. Prevention i. Deterrence General Specific

ii. Incapacitation iii. Rehabilitation C. Characteristics 1. Statutory - Art. 3 and Art. 5, par. 1 David vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, 489 SCRA 160 2. General Art. 2 3. Territorial Art. 2 People vs. Tulin, 364 SCRA 10 4. Prospective Art. 3, 21, & 22
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5. Morally condemnable D. Sources E. Constitutional limitations - Art. III, Bill of Rights 1. Due process and equal protection Sec. 1 White Light Corp. vs. City of Manila, G.R. No. 122846, January 20, 2009 2. Freedom of expression Sec. 4 Barnes vs. Glen Theatre, Inc., 501 U.S. 560 3. Freedom of religion Sec. 5 Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon vs. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 Estrada vs. Escritor, 492 SCRA 1 4. No excessive fines nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment Sec. 19, Par. (1), RA 7659 People vs. De la Cruz, 92 Phil. 906 People vs. Echagaray, 267 SCRA 682 Harden vs. Director of Prisons, 81 Phil.741 5. Non-imprisonment for debt or non-payment of a poll tax Sec. 19, Par. (1) 6. Bill of attainder Sec. 22 People vs. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 7. Ex post facto law Sec. 22 U.S. vs. Diaz-Conde, 42 Phil. 766

F. Construction/Interpretation
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1. Liberality in favor of the accused People vs. Sultan, 331 SCRA 216 2. Spanish text of the RPC prevails over its English translation 3. Retroactive application if favorable to the accused Art. 22 People vs. Valdez, 304 SCRA 611, 616-620; 630-631 Go vs. Dimagiba, 460 SCRA 451 4. Prescribed, but undeserved, penalties Art. 5, 2nd paragraph People vs. Formigones, 87 Phil. 658 People vs.Veneracion, 249 SCRA 244

II. General principles of criminal liability

rea

Actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit

A. Definition of felony Art. 3 B. Elements of criminal liability Art. 3 1. Physical element (Actus reus) a. Act Powell vs. Texas, 392 U.S. 514, 88 S.Ct. 2145, 20 L.Ed. 2d. 1254, (also read the concurring opinion of Justice Black) b. Omission People vs. Sylvestre and Atienza, 56 Phil. 353 People vs. Talingdan, 84 SCRA 19

2. Mental element (Mens rea) a. Deliberate intent (Dolo) i. Elements of dolo ii. General and specific intent People vs. Puno, 219 SCRA 85 iii. Mistake of fact U.S. vs. Ah Chong, 15 Phil. 488 People vs. Oanis, 74 Phil. 257 iv. Malum prohibitum exception to the requirement of mens rea Padilla vs. Dizon, 158 SCRA 127 Magno vs. CA, 210 SCRA 475 Garcia vs. Court of Appeals, 484 SCRA 617 v. Distinguished from motive b. Constructive intent (Culpa) Art. 3 and Art. 365 i. Elements ii. Imprudence or lack of skill iii. Negligence or lack of foresight People vs. Pugay, 167 SCRA 439 c. Transferred intent Art. 4, Par. 1 i. Aberratio ictus People vs. Guillen, 85 Phil. 307 ii. Error in personae People vs. Sabalones, 294 SCRA 751, 796-797

iii. Praeter intentionem Art. 13, Par. 3 People vs. Albuquerque, 59 Phil. 150 3. Concurrence 4. Resulting harm 5. Causation Bataclan vs. Medina, 102 Phil. 181 C. Liability for incomplete elements 1. Impossible crime Art. 4, Par. 2 Intod vs. Court of Appeals, 215 SCRA 52 People vs. Saladino, 89 Phil. 807 (Unrep.) 2. Uncompleted crimes a. Attempted and frustrated felonies, in general Art. 6 & 7 U.S. vs. Eduave, 36 Phil. 209 Rivera vs. People, 480 SCRA 188 Baleros vs. People, 483 SCRA 10

b. Examples of specific felonies i. Illegal Trespass Art. 280 - 281 People vs. Lamahang, 61 Phil. 703 ii. Physical injuries (Art. 263-266), Homicide (Art. 249), Murder (Art. 248) People vs. Borinaga, 55 Phil. 433 People vs. Kalalo, 59 Phil. 715 People vs. Trinidad, 169 SCRA 51 Martinez vs. CA, G.R. No. 168827, April 13, 2007 Mondragon vs. People, 17 SCRA 476
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People vs. Sy Pio, 94 Phil. 885 iii. Theft Art. 308 U.S. vs. Adiao, 38 Phil. 754 People vs. Dio, 45 O.G. 3446 People vs. Espiritu, CA-G.R. No. 2107-R, 5/31/49 Valenzuela vs. People, G.R. No. 160188, 6/21/07 Epifanio vs. People, G.R. No. 157057, 6/26/07 iv. Robbery Art. 293 & 294 People vs. Dio, 130 SCRA 151 v. Rape Art. 266-A People vs. Orita, 184 SCRA 105 c. Light felonies punishable only when consummated

Art. 7 Art. 9, par. 3

d. Proposals and conspiracies Art. 8 D. Liability for multiple, complex, and continuing crimes Art. 9, pars. 1 & 2, and Art. 48 People vs. Sanchez, 313 SCRA 254 People vs. Hernandez, 99 Phil. 515 Enrile vs. Salazar, 184 SCRAI 217 People vs. Valdez, supra E. Liability under special laws Art 10

III. Circumstances affecting criminal liability A. Justifying circumstances Art. 11 1. Defense of self, relatives, and strangers People vs. Decena, 235 SCRA 67 People vs. De la Cruz, 347 SCRA 100 People vs. Jaurigue76 Phil. 174 People vs. Narvaez, 121 SCRA 389 Sabang vs. People, 518 SCRA 35 People vs. Dagani, 499 SCRA 64 Palaganas vs. people, 501 SCRA 533 2. Avoidance of greater evil People vs. Ricohermoso, 56 SCRA 431 People vs. Norma Hernandez, 55 O.G. 8465 3. Fulfillment of duty People vs. Delima, 46 Phil. 738 People vs. Lagata, 83 Phil. 150 Mamangun vs. People, G.R. No. 149152, February 2, 2007 People vs. Dagani, supra 4. Obedience to a lawful order of a superior People vs. Beronilla, 96 Phil. 566 Tabuena vs. Sandiganbayan, 268 SCRA 332 B. Exempting circumstances Art. 12 1. Insanity People vs. Bonoan, 64 Phil. 87 People vs. Dungo, 199 SCRA 860 People vs. Taneo, 58 Phil. 255 People vs. Madarang, 332 SCRA 99 People vs. Opuran, 425 SCRA 654 People vs. Genosa, 341 SCRA 493 and 419 SCRA 537 (BUT see Sec. 26 in relation to Sec. 3, par.D (4c), R.A. 9262)

2. Minority R.A. 9344, Sec. 6 People vs. Doquea, 68 Phil. 580 Ortega vs. People, G.R. No. 151085, Aug. 20, 2008 3. Accident U.S. vs. Taedo, 15 Phil. 196 People vs.Castillo, 526 SCRA 215 People vs. Retubado, G.R. No. 124058, Dec. 10, 2003 4. Irresistible force or uncontrollable fear of a greater injury U.S. vs. Caballeros, 4 Phil. 350 People vs. Loreno, 130 SCRA 311 People vs. Del Rosario, 305 SCRA 740 5. Insuperable cause People vs. Bandian, 63 Phil. 530 (See also dissenting opinion of J. Villareal) C. Other exculpatory causes 1. Instigation People vs. Lua Chu, 56 Phil. 44 People vs. Doria, 301 SCRA 668 2. Consent 3. Other special circumstances Arts. 6, 20, 247, 332 D. Mitigating circumstances Art. 13 1. Incomplete justification or exemption People vs. Jaurigue, supra People vs. Narvaez, supra Guillermo vs. people, G.R. No. 153287, Jan. 20, 2009 2. Age (under 18 or over 70)
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3. Lack of intent to commit so grave a wrong People vs. Ural, 56 SCRA 138 People vs. Gonzales, 359 SCRA 352 4. Sufficient provocation People vs. Pagal, 79 SCRA 570 Urbano vs. People, G.R. No. 182750, Jan. 20, 2009 5. Vindication of a wrong People vs. Benito, 74 SCRA 271 Bacabac vs. People, G.R. No. 149372, September 11, 2007 6. Passion or obfuscation U.S. vs. Hicks, 14 Phil. 217 U.S. vs. Dela Cruz, 22 Phil. 429 People vs. Gelaver, 223 SCRA 310 7. Voluntary surrender or plea of guilt People vs. Amaguin, 229 SCRA 166 People vs. Dela Cruz, 63 Phil. 874 8. Deafness, muteness, blindness, or other physical defect which restricts the offenders means of action, defense, or communication 9. Illness as would diminish the exercise of will-power without depriving the offender of consciousness of his acts People vs. Formigones, supra 10. Analogous circumstances

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E. Aggravating circumstances - Art. 14 Palaganas vs. People, 501 SCRA 533 1. Place of commission a. Palace of the Chief Executive, etc., or in a place of religious worship People vs. Jaurigue, supra b. Uninhabited place People vs. Damaso, 86 SCRA 370 c. Dwelling People vs. Arizobal, 348 SCRA 143 2. Time of commission a. Nighttime People vs. Garcia, 94 SCRA 14 People vs. Arizobal, supra People vs. Rodas, G.R. No. 175881, August 28, 2007 b. On the occasion of a calamity 3. Personal circumstances of offender a. Recidivism People vs. Baldera, 86 Phil. 189 b. Reiteration or habituality 4. Motivation a. Price, promise, or reward

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5. Means of commission a. Taking advantage of public office People vs. Capalac, 117 SCRA 874 People vs. Gapasin, 231 SCRA 728 b. Insult to public authority People vs. Tiongson, 130 SCRA 614 People vs. Magdueo, 144 SCRA 210 c. Disregard of rank, age, or sex People vs. Collado, 196 SCRA 519 People vs. Rodil, supra People vs. Pagal, supra d. Abuse of confidence People vs. Mandolado, 123 SCRA 133 e. Band; Aid of armed men f. Inundation, fire, etc. g. Evident premeditation US. vs. Manalinde, 14 Phil. 77 People vs. Ilaoa, 233 SCRA 231 People vs. Bibat, 290 SCRA 27 h. Craft, fraud, disguise People vs. Empasis, 222 SCRA 59 i. Abuse of superior strength People vs. Bigcas, 211 SCRA 631 j. Treachery People People People People vs. vs. vs. vs. Sangalang, 58 SCRA 737 San Pedro, 95 SCRA 306 Castillo, 289 SCRA 213 Arizobal, 348 SCRA 143
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People vs. Escote, 400 SCRA 603 People vs. Villonez, 359 Phil 95 (1998) Bacabac vs. People, supra People vs. Guzman, G.R. No. 169246, January 26, 2007 k. Ignominy People People People People People vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. Torrefiel, 45 0.G. 803 Jose, 37 SCRA 450 Butler, 120 SCRA 281 Saylan, 130 SCRA 159 Sultan, 331 SCRA 216

l. Unlawful entry m. Breaking a wall, door, etc. n. With aid of persons under 15, or with motor vehicles, etc. o. Cruelty People vs. Ilaoa, supra F. Special aggravating, circumstances qualifying, and aggravating qualifying

1. Specific felonies under Book II, RPC 2. Special laws - Use of illegal firearm or explosives Sec. 1, par. 3 and Sec. 3, par. 2, P.D. 1866, as amended by R.A. 8294; People vs. Lara, 505 SCRA 137 - Use of dangerous drugs while committing a felony Sec. 25, R.A. 8165, The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

G. Alternative circumstances - Art. 15 1. Relationship

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People vs. Atop, 286 SCRA 157 2. Intoxication 3. Degree of instruction People vs. San Pedro, 95 SCRA 306 IV. Persons who incur criminal liability Arts. 8 and 16 A. Conspirators - Art. 8 People vs. Jorge, 231 SCRA 693 People vs. Elijorde, 306 SCRA 188 People vs. Sanchez, 308 SCRA 264 People vs. De Vera, 312 SCRA 640 People vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 158754, August 10, 2007 Bahilidad vs. People, G.R. No. 185195, March 17, 2010 B. Principals - Art. 17 People vs. Yanson-Dumancas, 320 SCRA 584, 588-602 People vs. Maluenda, 288 SCRA 225 C. Accomplices - Art. 18 Abejuela vs. People, 200 SCRA 806 People vs. Doble, 114 SCRA 131 People vs. Doctolero, 193 SCRAI 632 People vs. De Vera, supra Garces vs. People, G.R. No. 173858, July 17, 2007 D. Accessories - Art. 19 & 20; P.D. 1612 People vs. Talingdan, 84 SCRA 19 E. Proponents - Art. 8

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V. Penalties A. General principles of penalties Constitution Art. 21 Nulla poena sine lege Art. 22 Retroactivity Art. 23 Pardon Measures not considered penalties

B. Imposable penalties and their gradation (Art. 25), duration and effects 1. Principal penalties a. Capital punishment - Sec. 19, Art. III of the Constitution; RA 7659 and RA 8177; Arts. 40 and 47; RA 9346 (2006) Harden vs. Director of Prisons, 81 Phil. 741 People vs. Echegaray, 267 SCRA 682 b. Afflictive penalties i. Reclusion perpetua - RA 7659; Art. 27 People vs. Lucas, 232 5CR/I 537 People vs. Lucas, 240 5CR/I 66 People vs. Latupan, 360 SCRA 60 ii. Reclusion temporal Art. 27 iii. Perpetual or temporary absolute disqualification Art. 30 iv. Perpetual or temporary special disqualification Art. 31 v. Prision mayor Art. 27 c. Correctional penalties - Art. 27, 39, 43, & 44 i. Prision correccional ii. Arresto mayor iii. Suspension
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iv. Destierro d. Light penalties - Art. 27, 39, & 44 i. Arresto menor ii. Public censure e. Common penalties - Art. 25 i. Fines - Art. 26, 39, 66 ii. Bond to keep the peace - Art. 27, 35 2. Accessory penalties Art. 40-45 a. Perpetual or temporary absolute disqualification b. Perpetual or temporary special disqualification c. Suspension from public office, the right to vote and be voted for, the profession or calling d. Civil interdiction e. Indemnification f. Forfeiture or confiscation of the instruments and proceeds of the offense g. Payment of costs 3. Subsidiary penalty Art. 39 C. Gradation of felonies - Art. 9 1. Grave felonies 2. Less grave felonies 3. Light felonies - Art. 7 D. Application and computation of penalties
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1. General rules - Art. 5, 21, 28, 29, 46, 73 77 2. Specific rules a. Complex crimes Art. 48 b. Crime different from that intended - Art. 49 c. Degree of participation and stage of commission - Art. 50-57, 60-61 d. Additional penalty for certain accessories - Art. 58 e. Impossible crime - Art. 59 f. Effect of mitigating, aggravating and qualifying circumstances - Art. 62-66 g. Incomplete justifying or exempting circumstances - Art. 67, 69 h. Minor - PD. 603; Art. 68 3. Indeterminate Sentence Law - Act. No. 4103 People vs. Campuhan, 329 SCRA 270, 287 People vs. Temporada, G.R. No. 173473, Dec. 17, 2008 E. Execution and Service of penalties 1. General rules - Art. 70, 78, 8688 Art. 47 In re Petition for Habeas Corpus, Pete Lagran, 363 SCRA 275 2. Probation - PD 968, as amended 3. Suspension of sentence - Insane persons - Art. 79 - Minors - Supreme Court A.M. No. 02-1-18-SC, Sections 31-35 - RA 9344, Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006
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VI. Extinction of criminal liability A. Total - Art. 89-93; 36 People vs. Desierto, 363 SCRA 585 B. Partial - Art. 94-99 VII. Civil liability arising from criminal liability - Art. 100 - 113; 72 Padilla vs. Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 558 Jamelo vs. Serafino, 44 SCRA 464 People vs. Torres, 366 SCRA 408 People vs. Paraiso, 349 SCRA 335 People vs. Panado, 348 SCRA 679 People vs. Pajotal, 368 SCRA 374 Nuguid vs. Nicdao, 502 SCRA 93 Sps. De los Santos vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 169498, Dec. 11, 2008

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