Review of related literature Stevenson J.

(2003) in his study Diminished impulsivity in older patients with borderline personality disorder found that older patients with borderline personality disorder showed less impulsivity than younger patients, but there was no difference in terms of affect disturbance, identity disturbance, and interpersonal problems. Zanarini MC at. el . (2004) in their study Borderline personality disorder found that Clinical signs of the disorder include emotional deregulation, impulsive aggression, repeated self-injury, and chronic suicidal tendencies, which make these patients frequent users of mental-health resources. Causal factors are only partly known, but genetic factors and adverse events during childhood, such as physical and sexual abuse, contribute to the development of the disorder.

Zittel Conklin C at.el. (2005) in their study Borderline personality disorder in clinical practice. found that Borderline personality disorder patients in research samples are highly similar to those seen in a cross-section of clinical practice.

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Domes G at. el. (2006) in their study The influence of emotions on inhibitory functioning in borderline personality disorder found that individuals with BPD have difficulties in actively suppressing irrelevant information when it is of an aversive nature.

Mehlum L (2006) in his study Suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder found that Patients with borderline personality disorder have a substantially increased risk of self-destructive and suicidal behavior, personality as a chronic, unresolved, post-traumatic disorder.

Chapman AL at. el. (2008) in their study Impulsivity and emotion deregulation in Borderline Personality Disorder found that Negative emotional state moderated the effect of BPD on impulsive responses. High-BPD participants who were in a negative emotional state committed fewer impulsive responses than high-BPD participants who were low in negative emotional state. Fear, nervousness, and shame are negatively correlated with impulsivity among high-BPD participants but not among low-BPD participants.

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In addition, high-BPD participants reported greater emotion deregulation in a variety of domains, compared with lowBPD participants.

Gil TE (2008) in his study Whose borderline is it? Hypothesized etiologies of borderline personality concluded that the possible childhood sexual abuse are the origin of the borderline viewing adult .

Reisch T at. el. (2008) in their study Sequences of emotions in patients with borderline personality disorder found that persistence of sadness and anxiety, as well as emotional oscillating between anxiety, sadness and anger are important aspects of the emotional deregulation in BPD patients. Seikowski K at. el. (2008) in his study Borderline personality disorder and transsexualism found that the data obtained refute the often-assumed increased relationship between borderline personality disorders and trans-sexuality.

Seres l at. el . (2009) in their study The broken trust and cooperation in borderline personality disorder found that the trust and cooperation are disrupted in patients with borderline personality disorder.
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Ruggero CJ (2010) in his study Borderline personality disorder and the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder.,found that patients with borderline personality disorder, regardless of how they meet the criteria, may be at increased risk of being misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder.

Sansone RA (2010) in his study Emotional hyper-reactivity in borderline personality disorder fond that the majority of empirical studies in this area have concluded that patients with borderline personality disorder are indeed hyper-responsive to experimental environmental stimuli, whether the stimuli are negative, positive, or even neutral .

These findings of the study Stability of borderline personality disorder features in girls., by Stepp SD at. el. (2010), suggest that underlying dimensions of BPD features can be reliably measured and are stable in 6-12 year old girls.

Leichsenring F at. el. (2011) in their study Borderline personality disorder found that This disorder is characterized by severe functional impairments, a high risk of suicide, a negative effect on the
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course of depressive disorders, extensive use of treatment, and a high cost to society. The course of this disorder is less stable than expected for personality disorders. The causes are not yet clear, but genetic factors and adverse life events seem to interact to lead to the disorder. Specific forms of psychotherapy seem to be beneficial for at least some of the problems frequently reported in patients with borderline personality disorder.

Conclusion :we can say from the review of the above literature that patients with BPD were found to be : Emotionally very unstable. With disrupted trust and cooperation. Had substantially increased risk of self-destructive and suicidal behavior The causes are not yet clear, but genetic factors and adverse life events seem to interact to lead to the disorder. Poor memory. BPD who are in more negative state have fewer impulsive activities.

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