ABSTRACT HISTORY OF THE INDONESIAN RED CROSS INFLUENCE TO INDENPENDECE OF INDONESIA ( 1930 1994 )

Indonesian Red Cross is a organization in Indonesia that moving in humanity problem. However, people in Indonesia didnt know about the history of this organization, moreover the influence to Indonesia. The most people just know, that Indonesian red cross just, one organization which grow up in Indonesia, when Indoensia gave a inedependece at seventeenth og august 1945. So in this tesis we can learn about the indenpedence from Indonesian Red Cross. The research method used in this study are history method. Object of the study is Indonesia Red Cross as a organization in Indonesia, influence to indenpendece of Indonesia, and the temporal from this study is 1930 2010. The history method, can make a fact of the influence from Indonesia red cross to Indonesia. The fact,can get, from many kind the sources, from the literature or the object that are learn from us to the fact.

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. BACKGOUND Healty, in History that can tell for us about anything and can give to us about prediction for live together dont many historian that tell an research about this theme. Because, this theme just a lilte for effect to many kind a big incident in Indonesia. But, Humanity and healty be a important things to people. One people can give much money to buy hospital if they are sick. This exemple can tell for us, that humanity and helty is very important for life. History, explain to us, about human or people, if one human not healty, history dont be a history. Same as a humanity, one feel in the heart of the people very difficult to show up, but, everybody have a this feel. Somene that know if her or his friend have a problem with spontaneous, they are give a attention to her or him friend, and this fact show us about this feel, and the feel as a humanity. History can see about this feel and this topic from one organization that make a humanity and healty as motto and a focus from this organization. According Rozenweis, organization can viewed as (1) a social system, as many people in a group, (2) An intergration or a unity from activity that are corporate, and (3) Many people that oriented or guidance to one purpose. If refer to this statement, organization can represent to many people in this organization, because they are have one purpose. And organization that represent to drawing feel healty and humanity is a Indonesia Red Cross. Indonesian Red Cross drawed feel healty an humanity dont for theyself, but the influence from this organization is a indenpendece Indonesia. So, writes, write this study give temporal from 1932 until 2010. The begins from 1932, this year is a stand up this organization and 2010 is year where this organization have been grow up be a big organization in Indonesia. By the backround, writes giving a title for this study is HISTORY OF THE INDONESIAN RED CROSS INFLUENCE TO INDENPENDECE OF INDONESIA ( 1930 2010 ).
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B. LIMITATION PROBLEM The Limitation problem for this study, such as : 1. How The History of Indonesian Red Cross ? 2. How about depelment of Indonesian Red Cross until now? 3. What this influence for indenpedence of Indonesia?

C. PURPOSE AND BENEFIT OF THE RESEARCH According Arikunto (1989), propuse of the research as a sentences formulation that showed a thing obtained after the research over. By this things so purpose from this research is for know about the history of Indonesian Red Cross and Influence to Independence of Indonesia. While, benefit of the research is : 1. Recommendation study culture history as a alternative for a theme research. 2. Giving information about one theme microhistory. 3. Can used to resecearch again.

D. THE RESEARCH METHOD In this research, the writes used history method. The History method are divided to five step : 1. Heuristic, this step is a step from seach sources. 2. Eksternal Critics and Internal Critics. This step is a choose are sourcer for can be a credible and otentic. 3. Koroboration, is a step for to combine many souces. 4. Interpretation, and this step is a connect many fact. 5. Historiograf, is step, connect many fact to the literature.

E. SISTEMATICS OF WRITING Sistematics of writing in this research is : Chapter I Background Chapter II Setting History
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Chapter III PMI and Independence Indonesias Period Chapter IV PMI and Development Chapter V Conclusion

CHAPTER II SETTING HISTORY This history, for Indonesian Red Cross begin from period after the World War II at 1873. Indonesia, in this period still koloniasism by Nederlands, but, in this year dont have a real system to manage government. But, at 21 Oktober 1873, Nederland make a organization, this organization is a Nederlands Rode Kruis Afdeling Indie (NERKAI).This organization,have its main office for the internasional of the red cross that maked Jean Hendy Dunant, and He famous as a Father of Red Cross. The Internasional of The Red Cross, insprated from war France versus Italy in Solferino, one city in North Italy at 24th June 1859. Jean Hendy Dunant looked many people be a victim from this battle and gave help them with habitant in this city. After he came back to Swiss, He maked a book with title Memory from Solferino. In He book, He said two idea : a. Make a humanity international organization, that can prepare to freedom fot help the soldier was injury in the battleground. b. Make a agreement to safed injury soldier in the battleground and make safety for volunteers when they are giving a help. In 1863, with four habitant from the Jenewa City combined with Henry Dunant for realization that idea. Finally, They are maked a international commite for help a injury soldier, and now, this committee ussualy called International Committee of The Red Cross (ICRC). The development in 1873 in Indonesia be founded a organization made a Nederlands and included in the National Society of Red Cross and Red Cresent. During, 1873 until 1930, NERKAI serve as a human organization. But in 1932, aftes etis politic Indonesian people got a education as a prize from the Hindia Belanda Government. And in the Nasional Movement period, many kind of oganization grow up, such as Boedi Oetomo, Sarikat Dagang Islam, so a doctor from Indonesia, is dr. RCL Senduk ang dr. Bahder Johan planed for be founded of Indonesian Red Cross. But 1940, in NERKAI konferenc, planning for be founded of Indonesian Red Cross was rejected by Hindia Belandan Government, according them, Indonesian People didnt capable to manage this organization.

1942, When Hindia Belanda Government came back to they country. Indonesia got into the period where Japan came to Indonesia. Japan brought a peacefulness and Indonesian people welcome to them. In the middle environment, dr. RCL Senduk filed a return about his plan from prounded Indonesian Red Cross. But the Japan Government was reject for his plan. Indonesian Red Cross until Japanese occupation period didnt matrealizm, but dr. Senduks fighgt didnt over. He still has a plan and a dream like Jean Hendry Dunant, to be founded a Indonesian Red Cross. He has many planed to maked and founded Indonesian Red Cross. During 1945, Indonesia didnt have an organization that moving in humanity and healty life, and can safed the injury soldier if Indonesia has a war or battle. This condition is very real, Indonesia people, in 1945 was billed the Japan government which has been promised give a Independence Indonesia. But the Japan government did not keep his promised. This condition maked Indonesian people who will got an independence Indonesia was be angry, so this period called National Movement period.

CHAPTER III PMI AND INDEPENDECE INDONESIAS PERIOD 1942-1945, Indonesia got into the Natonal Movement Period, where everybody will to got Idenpendece. And this year Indonesia got Indenpence after declared from Soekarno and Moh. Hatta, in Friday at 17th August 1945, 10.00 WIB on Pegasan Timur No. 56 Jakarta and followed by raised the flag by S. Suhud anf Cudanco Latief Hendradiningrat with Indonesia Raya song, and then welcomen from the governor of east Jakarta, Suwiryo. Declared proclamation has a important thing for nation. Proclamtion was the cups from the struggle man of Indonesian and separated from the the shackles of foreign rule and the other of the Republic of Indonesia. With the proclamation, the Indonesian nation can determine his own life in accordance with the dignity and prestige, as well as the joints of the nation of Indonesia. Thus the proclamation brought great changes in the lives of Indonesia. When 3rd September 1945, President of Indonesia, Ir. Soekarno, instructed to Health Minister, dr. Buntaran Martoatmodjo to founded an Organization of Indeonesian Red Cross. The founded Indonesian Red Cross be intended for show up to world that Indonesia country and the nation was a fact and real. Two day ago, at 5th September 1945, The Health Minister in Kabinet I form a group for formulated Indonesian Red Cross, and a group was called Panitia 5. Panitia lima consist of, Head or Chairman is dr. R. Mochtar. Secretary : dr. Bahder Djohan. And the member this group is dr. Djoehana, dr. Marzuki and dr. Sinatala. The result from this group was setting a big management for this organization and at 17th Semptember 1945, inauguration of the chairman Indonesian Red Cross, He is a vice precident Indonesia, He is Moch. Hatta. In 1950, PMI gave recognition from International of Red Cross and authorized its existem in the natonal thought Kepres No. 25, 1959 and Kepres No, 246, 1963.

A. Decade I 1945 1954 When the independence war, role of PMI is in the First Aid, Evacuation, soup kitchen, finding and lossen soldier, and corporate with ICRC and Nederlands of the Red Cross for Romusha, Heiho Tionghoa and Indo-Belanda Children, and then 35.000 civil nederlands presornes dan chinas people who cameback to RRC. Meanwhile, PMI organize an education for nurse who send to first aid post in the battle. And this period PMI has a 40 brance in Indonesia and a brance has two first aid post as a team Collone. Red Cross Hospital in Bogor, originaly under management NERKAI, in 1948 was donated for PMI Brance Bogor with the name is Kedunghalang Hospital and when year 1951, this hospitas was manage to PMI Hospital untuil now. PMI organize activity for donate blood in Jakarta and many big city, such as Semarang, Medan, Surabaya and Makasar, And called Dinas Dermawan Darah. When, the RMS (Republik Maluku Selatan) revolt, PMI Coorporate with ICRC implement health service led by dr. Bahder Djohan and BPH Bintara be inform of the float hospital in Ambon also delivery losed family news and visited prisoners. And, this period, PMI developed the young activities with 7638 junior in 29 brance corporate with safety foundation from teacher, student and children, and agreed to make a Junior and Youth Red Cross in the school, publishing a PMRs Nesw, a contest, excibiton of pantings, and implementation of a sanatoria (lungs treatment for a children). B. Decade II 1955 1964 As a result of PRRI rebellion in West Sumatra and North Sulawesi Permesta, Headquarters PMI sent ships to the area to pick up strangers in there and also sent four medical teams and six teams to Sumatra and North Sulawesi. After President Soekarno sparked Tri Komando Rakyat (Trikora) to liberate West Irian on December 19, 1961, Headquartes called the Unitary Executive Board of the PMI Volunteer for the entire Branch prepared. Later formed the National Unity comprising of 11 branches that have been selected. Red Cross volunteers are assigned as a nurse amount to 259 people and 770 people as a backup. In the event Aru January 15, 1952, the sinking of the warship Leopard RI, as many as 55 people crew became prisoners of war, so at the request of the Minister of the Netherlands
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/ KSAL, PMI contacted the ICRC to handle prisoners. Thanks to the efforts the UN Secretary General, the Dutch agreed to transfer the crew of the ship in Singapore. In 1963 when the eruption of Mount Agung in Bali, with the health office PMI RI Army to help victims of the disaster response. When the PMI National Unity Team to West Kalimantan in order Dwikora (Dwi Command of the People), the National Health Teams have been sent to assist counterinsurgency operations in South Sulawesi. C. Decade III 1965 1975 Issuance of Decree of Minister of Health regarding the Regulation No.23 and No.024 of the Government of Indonesia for the first recognition of the existence of the Blood Transfusion Enterprises (UTD) PMI. In commemoration of the 25th anniversary of PMI, 17 September 1970, the Executive Board of the Red Cross issued a special medal and a tribute to a pioneer-a pioneer PMI, such as Drs. Moh. Hatta and Prof. Dr. Johan and the PMI Board Bahder Regional / Branch throughout Indonesia. A year later, 1971 was inaugurated the establishment of a DAJR (Ambulance Service Road/Dinas Ambulance Jalan Raya). Jakarta - Bandung as many as 7 posts, which was centered in the post-PMI Bogor Hospital. Ambulans used is equipped Falcon ambulance personnel, first aid equipment, radio and telephone. D. Decade IV 1975 1984 Red Cross-ICRC cooperation PMI began to play a role in East Timor in August 1975 influx of refugees from East Timor to West Timor border in Atambua. Humanitarian operations in Dili, began in December 1975 at the request of PSTT (Provisional Government of East Timor). Then one day in October 1979 in collaboration with ICRC PMI began to open the post in seven relief assistance in the remote district of East Timor. At the request of the Government of Indonesia, PMI supported UNHCR refugee Formatting Vietnam in Galang Island in health and social prosperity, among others, by establishing the Galang Island Hospital. PMI also conducts Tracing and Mail Service in cooperation with the ICRC Natural Disasters
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When the earthquake struck Bali in July 1976 that swept three of the five counties Red Cross volunteers deployed, open Kitchen and help repair 500 houses. In cooperation with the medical team from the Army, providing health care food and medicine. In the same year an earthquake struck and Okbibab Kecamayan Kurima in Jayawijaya with the power of 6.8 on the Richter Scale. PMI also fell directly help the victims Galunggung in 1982 for several months. Transfusion Executive in 1978 awarded the Gold Pin for the first time voluntary blood donors to 75 times. Provisions on the duties and role of PMI in the blood transfusion service issued by the government through the Government Regulation No.18 th 1980.

CHAPTER IV PMI AND DEVELOPMENT

After several times of Jl.Abdul Muis moved to several locations, finally settling at PMI headquarters Jl.Jendral Gatot Subroto Kav.96 which was inaugurated by President Suharto in 1985. Tracing and Mailing In addition to services Tracing and Mailing Service (TMS) for the refugees on the island of Galang, in 1987, TMS PMI from the RRC to take care of a family visit to Indonesia is the first time the two countries since diplomatic relations were severed in 1967. In Jakarta, PMI helped the victims of train crash disaster relief in the form P3K Bintaro, Blood Transfusion, TMS, and the provision of decent clothes at a hospital in Jakarta where the victim was being treated. Natural Disasters Red Cross mobilized 700 people KSR / PMR and 8 of doctors to help victims of floods in Semarang in Central Java and also helping to rescue the eruption of Mount Kelud in East Java in 1990 with the help of food and medicine worth Rp.8.583.400, To contribute to overcoming the devastating earthquake in the Flores Tsunami December 12, 1992, PMI established a task force called the Multipurpose KSR SATGAS MERPATI I. Earthquake Back in 1994, the Executive set up an SATGAS MERPATI II to help the victims of the disasterLiwa Earthquake and Tsunami in West Lampung Banyuwangi, East Java. Also in 1999, when the province of Bengkulu earthquake seized measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale, PMI with support facilities and the International Federation of the Norwegian Red Cross field hospital set up a capacity of 150 beds to replace the function of the damaged local hospital in the city for 10 months.
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Another quake on the Richter scale also hit 6.5 Banggai in Central Sulawesi in May 2002, and several months later in July 2000 earthquake occurred also in the 24th District in Sukabumi and Bogor. Flood End of 2000, floods hit Aceh region. With the help of the ICRC in Lhoksumawe, PMI team lent a hand to clean the streets and other social facilities and providing assistance 4000 assistance package of hygiene. In the same period, flooding has also hit Gorontalo Sulawesi resulting in the region, especially in Sub Ranoyapo isolated flooding. Mud floods followed by landslides also hit parts of West Java for several days in February. Flash floods also occurred in the NTB. 1000 PMI aid package and 610 petromaks donated by the International Federation through PMI. Beginning in August 2001, heavy floods have also destroyed the eight sub-districts in Nias district of North Sumetera. PMI has sent medicines and family assistance package of kitchen utensils, mosquito nets, clothing, blankets and sugar to meet the emergency needs of day-to-day in Nias. Disaster Management Conflict A vertical conflict in Aceh has been going on since January 2000, horizontal conflict in Poso in Central Sulawesi on May 23, 2000 and the great unrest in the North Maluku on May 17, 2001. PMI in Aceh intensively cooperate with the ICRC to evacuate the wounded and the activities of the body, distributing food aid, emergency health services and delivery of family news. As for the Poso, PMI coordinates with the ICRC deliver aid 4000 aid package followed by the family of the RCTI form of mats, sarongs, towels, jerry cans, soap, laundry soap and clothes that cater to 2000 people. Being to the conflict in North Maluku, again in collaboration with the PMI 5655 ICRC distributing relief packages to victims of family health services in addition to Tobelo and Galela. Additional help as much as 4500 and 2000 units package school supplies and uniforms of the Embassy of Japan. In addition the help of a vehicle unit have also been sent to Ternate from Jakarta to help the field of technical operations.

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Until now, the PMI has several networks are widespread throughout the archipelago, which includes 31 locations in the province who serves as coordinator for the 389 branches of the local legislatures. The number of child branches is a very significant improvement compared to the previous number. To assist in the operations branch, the organization's network was also developed by the Branch or District level. PMI has also cooperated with the government and various companies, NGOs, media, and the world body, including the Ministry of Health, SCTV, RCTI, Philip Morris, IBM, TNI, Pertamina, BP Migas, Microsoft, USAID, UNDP, UNHCR, WFP , UNAIDS, WHO and the Global Fund. This cooperation is carried out to the field of emergency assistance, capacity building, promotion and routine PMI.

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CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION

Indonesian Red Cross, is a organization non government. However PMI or Indonesia Red Cross can make an influence to Indonesia in various flied. From the indenpenden period until now, contribution Indonesian of the red cross have many thing, such as natural disasters, conflict in Indonesia, tracing and mailing in the battle or conflict. Seven principal of International of The Red Cross and Red Cresent, is (1) Humanity, (2) Impartiality, (3) Neutrality, (4) Independece, (5) Voluntary service, (6) Unity and (7) Universality, make Indonesian Red Cross as a organization which moving in Humanity field.

Palang Merah Indonesia Sumber kasih umat manusia Warisan luhur, nusa dan bangsa Wujud nyata pengayom Pancasila

Gerak juangnya keseluruh nusa Mendarmakan bhakti bagi ampera Tunaikan tugas suci tujuan PMI Di Persada Bunda Pertiwi

Untuk umat manusia Di seluruh dunia PMI menghantarkan jasa

That a mars song Indonesian Red Cross, make us to know, how about Indonesian Red Cross.

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BIBLIOGRAFY

Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened, Sejarah Nasional Indonesia VI Jaman Jepang dan Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, Balai Pustaka. Jakarta. 1993 http://www.pmi.or.id/ina/history/ di akses pada hari senin pukul 21.00 wib http://palangmerahremaja.blogspot.com/2007/12/sejarah-palang-merah-internasional.html di akses pada hari senin pukul 21.00 wib http://pmi-jateng.blogspot.com/2007/11/sejarah-palang-merah-indonesia_12.html di akses pada hari senin pukul 21.00 wib http://carapedia.com/pengertian_definisi_organisasi_menurut_para_ahli_info484.html akses pada hari senin pukul 21.00 wib http://www.sejarahkita.comoj.com/jenny09.html di akses pada hari selasa pukul 06.00 di

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