Generic Name:Furosemide Brand Name:Fumide,Furomide,Lasix,Luramide Classifications:electrolytic and water balance agent; loop diuretic Pregnancy Category:C Availability 20 mg,

40 mg, 80 mg tablets; 10 mg/mL, 40 mg/5 mL oral solution; 10 mg/mL injection Actions Rapid-acting potent sulfonamide loop diuretic and antihypertensive with pharmacologic effects and uses almost identical to those of ethacrynic acid. Exact mode of action not clearly defined; decreases renal vascular resistance and may increase renal blood flow. Therapeutic effects Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride primarily in loop of Henle and also in proximal and distal renal tubules; an antihypertensive that decreases edema and intravascular volume. Reportedly less ototoxic than ethacrynic acid. Uses Treatment of edema associated with CHF, cirrhosis of liver, and kidney disease, including nephrotic syndrome. May be used for management of hypertension, alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, and for treatment of hypercalcemia. Has been used concomitantly with mannitol for treatment of severe cerebral edema, particularly in meningitis. Contraindications History of hypersensitivity to furosemide or sulfonamides; increasing oliguria, anuria, fluid and electrolyte depletion states; hepatic coma; pregnancy (category C), lactation. Cautious use Infants, older adults; hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome; cardiogenic shock associated with acute MI; history of SLE, history of gout; patients receiving digitalis glycosides or potassiumdepleting steroids.

Route & dosage Edema adult:PO 2080 mg in 1 or more divided doses up to 600 mg/d if needed IV/IM 2040 mg in 1 or more divided doses up to 600 mg/d child:PO 2 mg/kg, may be increased by 12 mg/kg q68h (max: 6 mg/kg/dose) IV/IM 1 mg/kg, may be increased by 1 mg/kg q2h if needed (max: mg/kg/dose) neonate:PO 14 mg/kg q1224h IV/IM 12 mg/kg q1224h Hypertension adult:PO 1040 mg b.i.d. (max: 480 mg/d) Administration Oral

Give with food or milk to reduce possibility of gastric irritation. Schedule doses to avoid sleep disturbance (e.g., a single dose is generally given in the morning; twice-a-day doses at 8 a.m. and 2 p.m.). Note: Slight discoloration of tablets reportedly does not alter potency. Store tablets at controlled room temperature, preferably at 1530 C (5986 F) unless otherwise directed. Protect from light. Store oral solution in refrigerator, preferably at 28C (3646 F). Protect from light and freezing.

Intramuscular

Protect syringes from light once they are removed from package. Discard yellow or otherwise discolored injection solutions.

Intravenous

Note: Verify correct IV concentration and rate of infusion/injection with physician before administration to infants or children.

PREPARE direct: Give undiluted. ADMINISTER direct: Give undiluted at a rate of 20 mg or a fraction thereof over 1 min. With high doses a rate of 4 mg/min is recommended to decrease risk of ototoxicity. Incompatibilities Solution / Additive:Buprenorphine, chlorpromazine, ciprofloxacin, diazepam, diphenhydramine, dobutamine, doxapram, doxorubicin, droperidol, erythromycin, gentamicin, isoproterenol, labetalol, meperidine, metoclopramide, milrinone, netilmicin, pancuronium, prochlorperazine, promethazine, quinidine, thiamine vinblastine, vincristine. Y-site: Amrinone, amsacrine, ciprofloxacin, diazepam, diltiazem, dobutamine, diphenhydramine, dopamine, doxorubicin, droperidol, esmolol, filgrastim, fluconazole, gemcitabine, gentamicin, hydralazine,

idarubicin, methocarbamol, metoclopramide, midazolam, milrinone, morphine, netilmicin, nicardipine, ondansetron, quinidine, thiopental, tobramycin, vecuronium, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, TPN.

Use infusion solutions within 24 h. Store parenteral solution at controlled room temperature, preferably at 1530 C (5986 F) unless otherwise directed. Protect from light.

Adverse effects CV:Postural hypotension, dizziness with excessive diuresis, acute hypotensive episodes, circulatory collapse. Metabolic:Hypovolemia, dehydration, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia (tetany), hyperglycemia, glycosuria, elevated BUN, hyperuricemia;. GI:Nausea, vomiting, oral and gastric burning, anorexia, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal cramping, acute pancreatitis, jaundice. Urogenital:Allergic interstitial nephritis, irreversible renal failure, urinary frequency. Hematologic:Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura; aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis (rare). SpecSenses:Tinnitus, vertigo, feeling of fullness in ears, hearing loss (rarely permanent), blurred vision. Skin:Pruritus, urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, purpura, photosensitivity, porphyria cutanea tarde, necrotizing angiitis (vasculitis). BodyWhole:Increased perspiration; paresthesias; activation of SLE, muscle spasms, weakness; thrombophlebitis, pain at IM injection site. Nursing implications Assessment & Drug Effects

Observe patients receiving parenteral drug carefully; closely monitor BP and vital signs. Sudden death from cardiac arrest has been reported. Monitor BP during periods of diuresis and through period of dosage adjustment. Observe older adults closely during period of brisk diuresis. Sudden alteration in fluid and electrolyte balance may precipitate significant adverse reactions. Report symptoms to physician. Lab tests: Obtain frequent blood count, serum and urine electrolytes, CO2, BUN, blood sugar, and uric acid values during first few months of therapy and periodically thereafter. Monitor for S&S of hypokalemia . Monitor I&O ratio and pattern. Report decrease or unusual increase in output. Excessive diuresis can result in dehydration and hypovolemia, circulatory collapse, and hypotension. Weigh patient daily under standard conditions. Monitor urine and blood glucose & HbA1C closely in diabetics and patients with decompensated hepatic cirrhosis. Drug may cause hyperglycemia. Note: Excessive dehydration is most likely to occur in older adults, those with chronic cardiac disease on prolonged salt restriction, or those receiving sympatholytic agents.

Patient & Family Education

Consult physician regarding allowable salt and fluid intake. Ingestion potassium-rich foods daily (e.g., bananas, oranges, peaches, dried dates) to reduce or prevent potassium depletion. Learn S&S of hypokalemia . Report muscle cramps or weakness to physician. Make position changes slowly because high doses of antihypertensive drugs taken concurrently may produce episodes of dizziness or imbalance. Avoid replacing fluid losses with large amounts of water. Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sun. Do not breast feed while taking this drug