Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2(4): 356-361, 2010 ISSN: 2040-7467 M axwell Scientific Organization,

, 2010 Submitted Date: April 07, 2010 Accepted Date: May 21, 2010 Published Date: July 10, 2010

Enhancement of Power Quality in 14 Bus System using UPFC

S. Muthukrishnan and 2 A. Nirmalkumar Department of EEE, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 2 Department of EEE, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu
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Abstract: This research deals with digital simulation of 14-bus power system using UPFC to improve the power quality. The UPFC is also capable of improving transient stability in a power system. It is the most complex pow er electronic system for controlling the power flow in an electrical power system. The real and reactive powers can be easily controlled in a power system using a UPFC system. The circuit model for UPFC is developed using rectifier and inverter circuits. The control angle is varied to vary the real and reactive pow ers at the rec eiving end. T he M atlab sim ulation results are presented to valida te the m odel. Key w ords: Compensation, matlab simulink, power quality, statcom, UPFC INTRODUCTION The pow er-transfer capability of long transmission lines are usually limited by large signals ability. Econom ic factors, such as the high cost of long lines and revenue from the delivery of additional power, give strong incentives to explore all economically and technically feasible means of raising the stability limit. On the other hand, the develop men t of effective ways to use transmission systems at their maxim um therma l capability has caught much research attention in recent years. Fast progression in the field of power electronics has already started to influence the pow er indu stry. Th is is one direct outcome of the concept of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACT S) asp ects, w hich h as becom e feasible due to the improveme nt realize d in po wer-electronic devices. In principle, the FACTS devices could provide fast control of active and reactive power through a transmission line. The U nified Power-Flow Controller (UPFC) is a mem ber of the FA CTS family with ve ry attractive features. This device can independently control many parame ters, so it is the combination of the properties of a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC ) (Schaulder, 1998). These devices offer an altern ative m ean to mitigate power system oscillations. Thus, an important question is the selection of the input signals and the adopted control strategy for these devices in order to damp power oscillations in an effective and robust manner. Much research in this domain has been realized (Mihalic, 1996). This research shows that UPFC is an effective device to improve the power quality. The UPFC parameters can be contro lled in order to achieve the maximal desired effect in solving first swing stability problem. This problem appears for bulky power systems with long transmission lines. Various methods to reference identification of the series part, in order to improve the transient stability of the system based on: optimal parameters, state variab les(M acho wski, 1998), and also injection mod el were studied. This paper is organized as follows. After this introduction, the principle and operation and the mathematical equations of a UPFC connected to a network are presented MATERIALS AND METHODS A simplified scheme of a UPFC connected to an infinite bus via a transmission line is shown in Fig.1. The UPFC consists of a parallel and series branches, each one containing a transfo rmer, power-electric converter w ith turn-off capable semiconductor devices and DC circuit. Inverter 2 is connected in series with the transmission line by series transformer. The real and reactive power flows in the transmission line can be quickly regulated by changing the magn itude (V b ) and phase angle (* b ) of the injected voltage produced by inverter 2. The basic function of inverter 1 is to supply the real power demanded by inverter 2 through the common DC link. Inverter 1 can also generate or absorb controllable power (Gyugyi, 1992). New method for improving transient stability is given by Saadate (Gholipour and Saadate, 2003). Application of UPFC is given by Huang (2000). Enhancement of transient stability using Fuzzy control is given by S choder et al. (2000). Comparison of field results and simulation results of VSI based FACTS converter is g iven b y Sen and Keri (2003 ). The curren t throug h the D C link is as follow s: DC current = (V R - V i ) / R V R = 1.35 V S cos"

(1) (2)

Corresponding Author: S. Muthukrishnan, Department of EEE, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 356

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Fig. 1: UPFC installed in transmission line

Fig. 2a: 14 bus system using UPFC W here; V R - output of the rectifier V i - input to the inverter Literature (1) to (10) does not deal with the matlab simulation of multi bus system using UPFC. An attempt is made in the present work to model and simulate 14-bus system with UPFC using matlab. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Digital simulation is done using the blocks of matlab simulink and the results are presented here. The UPFC system is show n if Fig. 2a. An additional load is connected in parallel with the existing load. The circuit model of 14-bus network is shown in Fig. 2b. The line impedance is represented by series RL combination. The voltage across load I is shown in Fig. 2c. Additional load is conn ected at t = 0.2 sec. A sag is produced as show n in Fig. 2c. Th e output voltag e across load 2 is sho wn in Fig. 2d. Power system with U PFC is shown in Fig. 3a. UPFC netwo rk alone is shown in Fig. 3b. It consists of a rectifier - inverter system. UPFC injects voltage at t = 0.3 sec. The voltage improves to the normal value as shown in Fig. 3c.

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Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2(4): 356-361, 2010

Fig. 2b: 14 bus network

Fig. 2c: Output voltage across load -1

Fig. 2d: Output voltage across load -2

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Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2(4): 356-361, 2010

Fig. 3a: Circuit diagram with UPFC

Fig. 3b: UPFC Network

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Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2(4): 356-361, 2010

Fig. 3c: Output voltage across load-1 with compensation

Fig. 3d: Output voltage across load-2

Tab le 1: V ariatio n of pow er w ith firin g an gle Firin g an gle Sr. No. of inverter R eal p ow er (k W ) R e ac ti ve p ow e r ( kV A R ) 1 120 310 200 2 180 354 241

The voltage across load 2 is shown in Fig. 3d. Thus the UPFC system can improve the voltage at a bus. The objective of UPFC is to improve the power quality by the sag. From the Fig. 3c, d, it can be seen that the sag is mitigated. Variation of power with the variation in the firing angle of the inverter is given in the Table 1. CONCLUSION In the simulation study, matlab simulink enviroment is used to simu late the mo del of UPFC connected to a 3 phase system. This paper presents the control and performance of the UPFC used for pow er qua lity impro vem ent. Voltage compensation using U PFC is studied. The voltage compensation using UPFC system is also studied for 14 bus system. The real and reactive pow ers increase with the increase in angle of injection. Simulation results show the effectiveness of U PFC to control the real and reactive pow ers. It is found that there

is an improvement in the real and reactive powers through the transmission line when U PFC is introduced. The UPFC system has the advantages like reduced maintanance and ability to control real and reactive powers. UPFC is capa ble of im proving the pow er qua lity by injecting the voltage. The simulation results are similar to the predicted results. REFERENCES Schau lder, C.D., L. Gyugyi, M.R. Lund, D .M . Hamai, T.R. Rietman, D.R. Torgerson and A. Edris, 1198. O peration of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) under practical constraints. IEEE Trans. Pow er Del., 13(2): 630-6 39. Mihalic, R., P. Zunko and D. Povh, 1996. Improvement of transient stability using unified power flow controller. IEEE Trans. Power Del., 11(1): 485-492. Macho wski, J., J. Bialek and J. Bumby, 1998. Power System Dynam ics and Stability. 1st Edn ., Wiley, New Y ork. ISBN: 978-0471956433. Gyugyi, 1992. Unified power-flow control concept for flexible AC transm ission system . Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. C, 139(4): 323-331.

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Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2(4): 356-361, 2010 Gho lipour, E. and S. Saadate, 2003. A new method for improving transient stability of power systems by using UPFC. Proc. European Pow er Electronics, Toulouse, France, September 2003. Huang, Z ., N. Y ix in , C .M . Shen, F.W. Felix, S. Chen and B. Zhang, 20 00. A pplication of U PFC in interconnected power systems- modeling, interface, control strategy and case study. IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 15(2): 817-824. Schod er, K., A. Hasanovic and A. Feliachi, 2000. Enhancing transien t stability using fuzzy control scheme for the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) within the Pow er System Toolbo x (PST ). Proc. Midwest Symp. Circuits Sys., lansing, MI, 3: 1382-1385. Sen, K.K . and A .J.F. Keri, 2003 . Com parison of field results and digital simulation results of voltagesourced converter-based FACTS controller. IEEE Trans. Power Del., 18(1): 300-306.

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