Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
GSM GSM
Circuit Switch Circuit Switch architecture architecture Indirect access to IP Indirect access to IP network network Too sensitive Too sensitive connection for data connection for data (today) (today) Expensive solution for Expensive solution for data network (HSCSD) data network (HSCSD) Frederic Michaud 14.12.04
GPRS GPRS
Packet Switch architecture Packet Switch architecture End to End IP service (mobile End to End IP service (mobile = IP host) = IP host) Re-use BSS architecture Re-use BSS architecture New core architecture New core architecture Max theoretical rates ~170 Max theoretical rates ~170 kbps kbps
3
Services
NEWS
General Headlines Financial & Business Politics Tabloids Culture & Entertainment Sports Lottery
TRAVEL
Traffic (traffic jams, radar, control,) Public transportation Navigation services Train schedules Flight schedules Hotels Holiday packages
Special Interest
Mobile telephones Internet sites and services Computers and hardware Automobile
INFORMATION
SMS COMMUNICATION
Send/receive SMS messages SMS to postcard
E-MAIL
Send/receive e-mails E-mail to voice (IVR)
FAX
Send/receive fax Special features (delivery and receipt report, storage for later delivery)
BULLETIN BOARDS
Groups with common interest Messages, News, etc
ORGANIZERS PRODUCTIVITY
To do lists Calendar Address book Agenda Reminders
PERSONAL ASSISTANT
Call management Correspondence management Voice to SMS, E-mail and fax Translation services
TOOLS
Calculator Dictionary Translator Currency converter
MISCELLANEOUS
Activating domestic appliances Paying at vending machines Identity verification
FAMILY
Family VPN Synchronised
MUSIC ENTERTAINTMENT
Ringtones Short clips (e.g. MP3)
TV
Programme schedules Highlights
LIFESTYLE
Gastronomy Hobbies Fashion Parties
FUN
Jokes Sayings Dream analysis
CHATS
Topic specific Private
PICTURES
Icons Logos Photos Postcards
GAMES
Puzzles Quizzes Tamagotchi Games Gambling/Betting
ASTROLOGY
Horoscopes Astrolove Biorhythm Specific Horoscopes
DATING
Chats Dating services
FTP (NRT):
Service: minor Delay: < 7 sec (most likely Best effort) Mean throughput: 4.4 kbps Peak throughput: N/A Reliability: high to medium redundancy
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04
MSC/VLR
Gs
HLR
Gr
Gi
SGSN DNS GGSN
Gn
BSS
GPRS IP Backbone Gn Ater Um Abis
Charging Gateway
Gn
Gb
Transcoder
Gn
Border Gateway
BSC
Gp
BTS
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL cours Mobile network
Gd Gf Gi Gn
SGSN SMS GMSC SGSN EIR GGSN Data Network SGSN SGSN SGSN - GGSN
SS7 SS7 IP IP
Architecture evolution of BSS network New hardware in BSS: Packet Controlling Unit (PCU)
BTS
can be compared to TRAU function in GSM generally located in the BSC heart of the packet transmission in BSS network allow the dynamic traffic allocation Provide the radio resource management mechanism, adapted to packet transfer
RLC RLC RLC
PCU SGSN
buffer LLC buffer LLC LLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
buffer
Gb
Abis
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL cours Mobile network
PCU GGSN
Other equipment:
Border Gateway, Charging Gateway, DNS, Firewalls
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL cours Mobile network
BSS elements manage everything related to radio resource, mobility and session management
Um
Data traffic
Applica tion IP / X.25
Relay
Gb
Gn
Gi
SNDCP
Relay
RLC MAC
BSSGP
Network Service
L2 L1
GSM RF
GSM RF L1bis
L1bis
MS
BSS
PS/CS paging
SGSN
GGSN
10
Architecture Gb interface
Open interface between the BSC and the SGSN. Consist of three layers:
Frame Relay: link layer access between peer entities via a Bearer Channel. Network Service: set of virtual connections responsible for data transmission, congestion control, load sharing between Network Service Entities. BSSGP: Virtual Connection management, paging support, flow control support.
NS-VC DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier (FR address) FR Bearer Channel NSE (=PCU ) Physical Link (= pcm-tsl) NSE Own BVC for each BTS
NS-VC
NS-VC
DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier (FR address) Load Sharing FR Bearer Channel Physical Link (= pcm-tsl)
NS-VC
BSC
SGSN
BVC = BSSGP Virtual Connection BSSGP = Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol NSE = Network Service Entity NS-VC = Network Service Virtual Connection FR = Frame Relay
11
Mobile equipment
Three types of Mobile Classes CLASS A: Rolls Royce
Simultaneous CS/PS Paging Simultaneous CS/PS data transfer PS Core Network (GPRS) CS Core Network (GSM)
CLASS B: Standard
Simultaneous CS/PS Paging CS call or PS data transfer
CLASS C: Cheap
12
IDLE
GPRS Attach STANBY timer expiry GPRS Detach
READY
MS known down to Cell by SGSN May receive/transmit packets No Packet paging required MS remains in READY state until READY Timer expires or GPRS Detach
READY
READY timer expiry Force to STANBY PDU Transmission
STANDBY STANDBY
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04
MS known down to Routing Area by SGSN MS attached to GPRS May receive Packet paging No data reception or transmission 13
14
Network Mode II
HLR
Gr
SGSN
MSC/VLR
Gr
SGSN
Gs
CS paging or SMS
Gb
CS paging or SMS
Gb
BSC
Abis Paging message on: Paging channel Packet data channel
BSC
Abis Paging message on: Paging channel only
15
BSC
MSC/VLR
HLR
3 5 1 2 6 GPRS handset 7 2
DNS SGSN
Charging Gateway
1. GPRS Attach Request 2. Authentication 3. Update Location (GPRS) 4. Insert Subscriber Data 5. Location Update (GSM) 6. GPRS Attach Accept 7. Attach complete
GPRS IP Backbone
Border Gateway
GGSN
16
DNS BSC
GPRS handset
SGSN1
GPRS IP Backbone
BSC
GPRS handset
SGSN2
GGSN
1 8
6 7
1. RA Update Request (old RAI) 2. DNS Query: IP @ for old RAI 3. SGSN Context Request 4. SGSN Context Response 5. Forward Packets 6. Update PDP Context Request: IP @ of new RAI 7. Update PDP Context Response 8. RA Update Accept
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL cours Mobile network
17
Description IP, X25 . IP address or X.121 address for X25 network IP address of the serving SGSN
Network Service Access Point Quality of service negociated for this PDP context APN (service) requested by the mobile (ie WAP, internet)
EPFL cours Mobile network
18
BSC
MSC/VLR
HLR
1 5 GPRS handset
2
SGSN
DNS
Charging Gateway
GPRS IP Backbone
3 4
GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Req 2. DNS Query 3. Create PDP Context Req 4. Create PDP Context Rsp 5. Activate PDP Context Ack
Border Gateway
19
BSC
MSC/VLR
HLR
DNS
SNDCP
GPRS handset
IP
SGSN
Charging Gateway
IP
Border Gateway
GPRS IP Backbone
S-CDR
G-CDR
GTP
IP
GGSN
IP
IP@
20
RLC blocks
BH
Info field BCS BH Info field BCS BH Info field BCS Primary block Following block RLC/MAC layer
Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst FH = FCS = BH = BCS=
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04
Physical layer
Frame Header Frame Check Sequence Block Header Block Check Sequence (When SDCCH coding is used, BCS corresponds to the Fire code) EPFL cours Mobile network
21
TRX 1
CCCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
TRX 2
TCH
Default GPRS Capacity Territory border move based On GSM and GPRS traffic load evolution
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL cours Mobile network
22
01 2 3 4 5 6 7 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 01 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 GPRS multiframe = 52 TDMA frame=240 ms Block 0 0 Block 1 4 Block 2 T Block 3 8 13 Block 4 17 Block 5 i Block 6 21 26 Block 7 30 Block 8 i Block 9 Block 10 Block 11 i 34 39 43 47 51
23
PBCCH Packet Broadcast Control CH (can be combined with BCCH) MS CONTINUOUSLY MONITORS
PACCH Packet Associated Control CH Allocated to the opposite direction than the PDTCH to which it is associated.
PTCCH Packet Timing Control Channel. PDTCH Packet Data TCH, one channel can be shared by several active users.
24
1 TBF = 1 user (with a given TFI, TLLI, USF) 1 TBF can be transferred onto several radio timeslots
TBF4 TBF3 TBF3 TSL 0 BCCH TSL 1 TCH TSL 2 TCH TSL 3 TCH TSL 4 PDCH TBF1 TSL 5 PDCH TBF2 TBF1 TSL 6 PDCH TBF2 TBF1 TSL 7 PDCH
TDMA frame Data transfer = Uplink / Downlink TBF (Temporary Block Flow) Assignment Timeslots allocation GSM CCCH channels (RACH - AGCH - PCH) (GPRS - phase 1) GPRS phase 2: dedicated common control channels (PBCCH/PCCCH)
25
BSN=26 BSN=27 BSN=28 Block 4 17 Block 5 i Block 6 21 26 TFI=14 Ack: 25,27,28 Nack: 24,26
Block 2 T Block 3 8 13
TBF dynamically managed by the network To avoid collisions, network identify each user with TFI and TLLI Number of retransmission linked to C/I ratio Retransmissions will decrease real user data throughput
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL cours Mobile network
26
SP=0
SP=0
SP=1
SP=1
SP=1
RRBP= RRBP= RRBP= i+4 i+3 i+2 Block 1 4 Block 2 T Block 3 8 13 Block 4 17 Block 5 i Block 6 21 26
MS receive on TFI 14
Mobile knows on which block to ack/nack received PDU Mobile use these control blocks to transfer other information (measurement reports, uplink resource request, etc)
27
USF=4
USF=4
USF=1
USF=5
USF=5
USF=4
USF=1
USF=1
USF=5
Block 1 4
Block 4 17
Block 5 i Block 6 21 26
Block 7 30 Block 7
MS USF 1 Block 1 MS USF 4 Block 4 MS USF 5 Uplink State Flag definition only local to a physical channel (i.e. 1 radio timeslot in the TDMA frame) Block 5 Block 9 Block 2 Block 6
28
29
30
Incomplete GPRS features QoS not fully implemented Radio enhancement (PBCCH) not fully implemented
31
Problem of uniform Quality of Service (different SW/HW, different problems) Complex network evolution (i.e. new feature cannot be implemented country wide)
32
33
GPRS Dimensioning
Network Dimensioning
Number of GPRS users Paquet transfer per users Quality of Service Coverage area Peak hours
Radio Dimensioning
GPRS Territory size Number of cells TRX upgrade Signalling increase
34
Network Planning
Reuse existing GSM coverage Reuse of GSM signalling and traffic plan New core network planning New Routing Area Planning
35
Capacity
GSM traffic has priority over GPRS Best effort mode Low throughput in peak hours
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL cours Mobile network
36
37
623
87% 53.3%
38
39
Gs
Gr Gc Gi
BTS
Gb
Gn
internet internet
BSC
SGSN
Gp
BG
1. Data capture
3. Data analysis
40
41
Documentation
Rseaux GSM (ISBN 2-7462-0153-4) Xavier Lagrange, Philippe Godlewski, Sami Tabbane
Ingnierie des rseaux cellulaires (ISBN 2-7462-0550-5) Sami Tabbane The GSM Evolution - Mobile Packet Data Services (ISBN 0-470-84855-3) Peter Stuckmann
42
DEFINITION DEFINITION NETWORK PERFORMANCE NETWORK PERFORMANCE EDGE IMPLEMENTATION EDGE IMPLEMENTATION EDGE DIMENSIONING EDGE DIMENSIONING APPLICATIONS FOR EDGE APPLICATIONS FOR EDGE
43
(1,1,0)
44
GSM
GPRS
ETSI (BSS)
EDGE
GERAN
45
46
EDGE can provide data services with maximum radio throughput of 235kbps using 4 TS.
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL cours Mobile network
47
ABIS
P C U
BSC BSC
Gb
HLR HLR
Gi (IP)
Um
AUC
mobiles
BTS Upgrade
SGSN
SGSN
GGSN GGSN
Gn PDN
Gn
EIR
Network
Gp
HW or SW Upgrade No Upgrade
New Mobiles
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL cours Mobile network
48
Upgrade of GSM network with EDGE will influence the radio conditions There is a need for carefull radio optimisation
EDGE throughput is highly dependent on interferences (C/I), especially at the cells border
49
Instability of UMTS :
Throughput Drop due to building penetration and the mobile Power rise phenomenon.
Throughput (kbps)
200
EDGE 900
Link adaptation
50
BCCH
If BCCH and non BCCH TRX have always slightly the same C/I distribution put EDGE on non BCCH with synthesized SFH (EDGE performances could not reach expected values, i.e. average of 30kbps/TS) Try to optimize the network to increase the C/I of non BCCH TRX.
non BCCH
If non BCCH TRX have always slightly the same C/I distribution, put EDGE on non BCCH with synthesized SFH EDGE performances could not reach expected values (i.e. average of 30kbps/TS)
51
SGSN GGSN
Gr
EDGE TRX
GSM/GPRS/EDGE Network
Abis A EDGE TRX BTS BSC EDGE functionality in network elements
Internet
Abis
MSC
EDGE capable TRX need to be added, old BTS might have to be changed, BSC/PCU shall support EDGE capability. Re-dimensioning of the interface according to the traffic growth.
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL cours Mobile network
52
permanent time slots for the CS traffic and signalling + Dynamic Abis Pool for the data (DAP)
Dynamic Abis common for multiple Pool GSM/EDGE TRXs located under the same BTS.
53
2004
R99
2005
Release 4
2006
Release 5
2007
Release 6
2008
Release 7
54
Edge is a GSM - BSS feature to enable highest data throughput (proven technology) 38 devices are currently Edge compatible GSM Wireless Industry entirely committed to Edge 111 networks deploying Edge currently 35 commercially available Edge networks
55
Continuity of Service
Without EDGE
Data Speed 384kbps Data Speed 384kbps
With EDGE
UMTS
No Service Continuity
200kbps
UMTS
Edge Underlay
40kbps
GPRS legacy
40kbps
GPRS legacy
56
FTP
(kbps)
RTT
(sec)
GPRS
EDGE
UMTS
57
x5
384kbps
UMTS
200kbps
x2 x5
EDGE
40kbps
GPRS
58
GSM (EDGE)
WAN
UMTS (HSDPA)
MAN
Wi-MAX Wi-Fi
Bluetooth UWB
LAN PAN
59
IP Core
Wi-Max
802.16e
Backhaul Wi-Fi
802.11
Rural
Sub-Urban
Urban
In-Building Hotspots
PICO
Access
MACRO
60
Conclusion EDGE deemed as a mature/stable/robust technology Edge as a key technology for in building coverage Edge terminals are cheaper and more robust than UMTS (batteries)
61