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( )

Electronic configuration
3Lithium
Li
{He}2s1
11Sodium
Na
{Ne}3s1

{Ar}4s1

19Potassium

{Kr}5s1
{Xe}6s1
{Rn}7s1

Rb
Cs
Fr

37Rubidium

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55Cesium
87Francium

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- - -
- - - .
M+
.
.

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Li

Na
K
Rb
Cs

)HCl(aq

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Li

Na

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Na+ Cl- (g) Na (g) + Cl (g)
Na(g) Na* (g)
[Ne]3s1 [Ne]3p1
Na*(g) Na(g) + h (589nm, yellow)

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Li3N

3LiOH + NH3

Li3N + H2O

.
base strength increase

Li Na K Rb Cs

M(s) M+(aq) + e)H2O(l) + e- OH-)aq( + H2(g

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Li2O

Na2O2

KO2, RbO2, CsO2

: Li2O + H2O 2LiOH
: Na2O2+ 2H2O H2O2 + 2NaOH
: MO2 + 2H2O 2MOH + H2O2 + O2
. .:O:.O:
.. ..

.. .. 2:O:O:
.. ..

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( )
)2M(s) + H2(g) 2MH(s
The reactivity increases down the group.

MH + H2O MOH + H2

LiH ( LiAlH4
).
BCl3 + LiAlH4 B2H6
PCl3 + LiAlH4 PH3
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.

.
H lattice < H hydration

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aqueous
M+(aq) + X-(aq)

MX(s)
H solution
H lattice

H hydration

M+(g) + X-(g)

H solution =

H lattice + H hydration
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M+(g) + aqueous M+(aq) + heat

-600

M+

-300

Li+ Na+ K+
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Rb+ Cs+


.

Cs+ > Rb+ > K+ > Na+ > Li+


.

.
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-1
-2
-3

4Li + C Li4C

-4
-5
-6 Li2CO3, LiF -
-7
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Diagonal Relationships

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:
803 C 505 C
)2 Na (l) + Cl2 (g

)2 NaCl (l

:
Na + KCl NaCl + K
:
: 800 C
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.
pH
HCO3 . HCO3- + H+ H2CO3
HCO3- + OH- H2O + CO32 backing soda
CO2
.
)2NaHCO3 (s) Na2CO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (g
potash -
manic depression

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Preparation of Sodium compounds

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The solvay Process for the manufacture of NaHCO3

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