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Hi, Based on my personal experience,Here I'm sharing interview question on Oracle High availability topics like RAC,Apps & Other crucial questions, As a DBA and Apps DBA.Hope these questions are very much vital. As a experience DBA and Apps DBA I have attended many interviews.Below are the questions which I have faced and find them really useful to put in this post.Many times we know the answer for the questions but unintentionally we may commit mistakes which should be avoided to get selected for your ideol Role/Position.

1) Tell me about yourself? Ans: Looks to be a simple question as there is no thinking require.But,This is the question which may decides your selection sometimes.Here You have speak about your experience and why you are the best person for this particular position and what you have done in past,what you are doing now and what you will be doing in future for your growth,Team growth and Organization growth. In brief about myself: This is Srinivas here.I'm working as Oracle DBA and Apps DBAs since 4 yrs. I've been involved in Handling Database and Applications.As a part of DBA and Apps DBA team I have done Oracle RAC implentation on Linux and Solaris platform using ASM,OCFS and RAW DEVICE Storage mechanism,I've involved in migration of Database and Upgradation from Oracle 9i to Oracle 11g rel2 and Upgradation of Oracle Applications from Oracle 11i to Oracle R12 .I have worked on 4 Unix based platformsi.e Linux,Solaris,HP-UX and IBM-AIX including windows server. I've handled Oracle Database 9i,10g & 11g and I've Handled Oracle Applications 11i & R12 Administration.I've been involved in Clonning & Patching of Oracle Applications. I've completed Oracle 9i OCP,10g OCP,11g OCP,RAC Expert,Oracle E-businness Suite R12 OCP and ITIL v3 foundation Certification. Right now I'm focussing on Oracle SOA,Oracle Data Integrator,Oracle JDeveloper,Weblogic and Fusion middleware components. Note:Please take about your skillsets and experience while answering the above question so that interview can ask questions sometime based on your experience and skillsets and not necessary what skillset he wants.

2)How you stop Your RAC Database configue with ASM? Ans: This is a bit tricky.But a simple logic is Database depends on storage and storage depends on node.Hence We can tell like this,Important is to remember that node application and cluster is started and stopped only with 'root' user or the user having sudo privilege to do this in /etc/sudoers file.One more point to remember always asm instance should be started first.

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There are actually 2 commands to do it: 1) crsctl stop crs: This command will stop all the node applications(i.e gsd, VIP, ons, listener) and crs daemons(crsd,evmd,ocsd) However /etc/init.d/init.crs {start|stop|enable|disable} can be used to start,stop,enable and disable these crs daemons or services. Login as root or a user with sudo permission to run the crsctl command: #cd ORA_CRS_HOME/bin #crsctl start crs => Run as root or you should have SUDO permissing in /etc/sudoers file. #ssh testnode_1n1 /home/app/crs/bin/crsctl check crs (or) #ssh testnode_1n1 /home/app/crs/bin/crsctl stop crs Note:This command will prevent CRS from starting on a reboot.There is no return output from the command. [root@TEST_NODE1 oracle]# crsctl disable crs For checking this use 'crsstat' command: [root@TEST_NODE1 oracle]# crsstat HA Resource Target State ----------- ------ ----ora.TEST_NODE1.ASM1.asm OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.TEST_NODE1.LISTENER_TEST_NODE1.lsnr OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.TEST_NODE1.gsd OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.TEST_NODE1.ons OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.TEST_NODE1.vip OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.orcl.RAC.cs OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.orcl.RAC.orcl1.srv OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.orcl.RAC.orcl2.srv OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.orcl.db OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.orcl.orcl1.inst OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.orcl.orcl2.inst OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.TEST_NODE2.ASM2.asm OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.TEST_NODE2.LISTENER_TEST_NODE2.lsnr OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.TEST_NODE2.gsd OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.TEST_NODE2.ons OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.TEST_NODE2.vip OFFLINE OFFLINE Lets not forget to enable CRS on reboot: [root@TEST_NODE1 oracle]# crsctl enable crs

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2)srvctl stop: -------------To stop a RAC Database configure system with ASM step by step: -------------------------------------------------------------------------srvctl stop service -d test =>To stop services like TAF(Transparent Application failover srvctl stop database -d test =>To stop Database which may include 'n' number of instances srvctl stop asm -n node1-pub1 =>To stop asm instance on node1 srvctl stop asm -n node2-pub2 =>To stop asm instance on node2 srvctl stop nodeapps -n node1-pub1,node2-pub2 =>To stop all node apps(listeners,GSD,ONS,VIP) (or) To start a RAC Database configure with ASM: --------------------------------------------------------------------------We have to first start the nodeapps,then the ASM instances, followed by the database instances, and lastly the services for TAF and load balancing. srvctl start nodeapps -n node1-pub srvctl start nodeapps -n node2-pub srvctl start asm -n node1-pub srvctl start asm -n node2-pub srvctl start database -d test

Note 1: When we use crsctl to stop clusterware,It will stop nodeapps,asm instances and Database instance. Note 2:Starting and Stopping of Cluster in Oracle 11g is changed because of 1)Separate home for clusterware i.e Grid home. 2) OCR is in diskgroup inside ASM, then no way to stop ASM using srvctl, you have to shutdown the cluster to stop ASM. We can start or start cluster or other services as follows: Starting / Stopping the Cluster in Oracle 11g rel2: -------------------------------------------------------------------Stopping Cluster: ----------------------We can Use the "crsctl stop cluster" command on node1 to stop the Oracle Clusterware stack: root@node1 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stop cluster

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Starting Cluster: --------------------------------[root@node1 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl start cluster We can start/stop all the clusterware nodes by using below command: [root@node1 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl start cluster all [root@node1 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stop cluster all

3)How you check the health of Your RAC Database? Ans: 'crsctl' command from root or oracle user can be used to check the clusterware health But for starting or stopping we have to use root user or any privilege user. [oracle@TEST_NODE1 ~]$ crsctl check crs CSS appears healthy CRS appears healthy EVM appears healthy 4)How you check the services in RAC Node? Ans: We can check the service or start the services with 'srvctl' command.load balanced/TAF service named RAC online. [oracle@TEST_NODE1 ~]$ srvctl start service -d orcl -s RAC [oracle@TEST_NODE1 ~]$ crsstat HA Resource Target State ----------- ------ ----ora.TEST_NODE1.ASM1.asm ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE1 ora.TEST_NODE1.LISTENER_TEST_NODE1.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE1 ora.TEST_NODE1.gsd ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE1 ora.TEST_NODE1.ons ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE1 ora.TEST_NODE1.vip ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE1 ora.orcl.RAC.cs ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE2 ora.orcl.RAC.orcl1.srv ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE1 ora.orcl.RAC.orcl2.srv ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE2 ora.orcl.db ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE2 ora.orcl.orcl1.inst ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE1 ora.orcl.orcl2.inst ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE2 ora.TEST_NODE2.ASM2.asm ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE2 ora.TEST_NODE2.LISTENER_TEST_NODE2.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE2 ora.TEST_NODE2.gsd ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE2 ora.TEST_NODE2.ons ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE2 ora.TEST_NODE2.vip ONLINE ONLINE on TEST_NODE2 [oracle@TEST_NODE1 ~]$

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4)If there is some issue with virtual IP how will you troubleshoot it?How will you change virtual ip? Ans: To change the VIP (virtual IP) on a RAC node, use the command [oracle@testnode oracle]$ srvctl modify nodeapps -A new_address 5)What kind of backup stratergy you follow for your Databases? Ans:We follow different backup strategy for our Databases depends on type of Database.We use different kind of Backup stratergy for Production,Test,Performance,Demo,Development Databases.But the main aim is to recover the Database with minimal or no Data loss: 1)Production Databases: ----------------------------Backup stratergy for Production Database is as follows: RMAN BACKUP: --------------------incremental level 0 =>Weekly Basis at 6am -- Full backup of Database with archive logs and copy of Current control file incremental level 1 =>Mon,Tues,Thurs,Friday at 6am --Changes from recent back to a particular day cummulative backup =>Wed,Saturday at 6am -- changes from the lowest level i.e mon-wed and Thur-Sat. While deciding the backup stratergy for our production system of 300GB we had in our mind the following points: 1)Backup should be schedule at less peak hours. 2)With no loss we should recover Database in case of any Disaster. For scripts and scheduling details refer my below link: http://srinivasoracledba.blogspot.com/search/label/RMAN expdp Backup: ---------------Export Datapump backup on daily basis at 9pm. We should have one datapump backup which should be most recent to recover the lost of Table or any Data.Below points are same: 1)Backup should be schedule at less peak hours. 2)With no loss we should recover Database in case of any Disaster. For scripts and scheduling details refer my below link: http://srinivasoracledba.blogspot.com/search/label/expdp%2Fimpdp 2)Test Databases:

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--------------------Usually Test Database is almost same as production in terms of Data.However whenever we want to test some patch or any script before applying to production we can apply in test and than apply in production.I usually prefer to have same backup stratergy as production for Test Databases. 3)Development Database: --------------------------In a development Database.We can go for below backup statergy,However if you have space and enough infrastructure you can repeat the same backup stratergy as above. Expdp full backup: In a Development environment,We should have full Database logical Backup up to date and should be schedule on daily basis,so that whenever there Is some table drop or table backup is requested by developer you can restore That table from your Logical backup.

COLD RMAN BACKUP: ------------------We can schedule cold rman backup on every sundays at 9am(any time which you feel is convinient without affecting much to developers and end users).Below is the link for implementing RMAN cold Backup: http://srinivasoracledba.blogspot.com/2011/06/scheduling-rman-cold-backup-and-copy.html 6)How you will backup your RAC Database? Ans: Backup strategy of RAC Database: An RAC Database consists of 1)OCR 2)Voting disk & 3)Database files,controlfiles,redolog files & Archive log files 1)OCR BACKUP: ------------Oracle performs physical backup of OCR devices every 4 hours under the default backup direcory $ORA_CRS_HOME/cdata/ and then it rolls that forward to Daily, weekly and monthly backup. You can get the backup information by executing below command. Login with help of 'root' user and fire the below command. ocrconfig -showbackup [root@testnode -pub ~]# ocrconfig -showbackup

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testnode-pub 2011/05/03 17:50:47 /u01/app/crs/cdata/test-crs/backup00.ocr testnode-pub 2011/05/03 13:46:45 /u01/app/crs/cdata/test-crs/backup01.ocr Manually backing up the OCR we can do with the help of same command 'ocrconfig ocrconfig -manualbackup -->Physical Backup of OCR The above command backs up OCR under the default Backup directory.We can export the contents of the OCR using below command (Logical backup). ocrconfig -export /tmp/ocr_exp.dat -s online <<-- Logical Backup of OCR 2)Voting Disk Backup: ---------------------------Backup the existing votedisks as below as oracle: dd if=/u02/ocfs2/vote/VDFile_0 of=$ORACLE_BASE/bkp/vd/VDFile_0 [root@node1-pub ~]# su - oracle [oracle@node1-pub ~]$ dd if=/u02/ocfs2/vote/VDFile_0 of=$ORACLE_BASE/bkp/vd/VDFile_0 41024+0 records in 41024+0 records out [oracle@node1-pub ~]$ Note: If we want to add a voting disk we can do with the help of 'crsctl' as given below: [root@node1-pub ~]# su - oracle [oracle@node1-pub ~]$ touch /u02/ocfs2/vote/VDFile_3 [oracle@node1-pub ~]$ crsctl add css votedisk /u02/ocfs2/vote/VDFile_3 Now formatting voting disk: /u02/ocfs2/vote/VDFile_3. Successful addition of voting disk /u02/ocfs2/vote/VDFile_3. Note:Please ask the interview about which version ,this is because,In Oracle 11g rel2,The way we take backup of Voting Disk and OCR is totally different,Because now we can use ASM for storing OCR and Voting Disk.Another point to keep in mind is Voting File is no longer supported to take a manual backup of it with 'dd' command Instead,the Voting File gets backed up automatically into the OCR. As a New Feature,we can now do a manual backup of the OCR any time you like, without having to wait until that is done automatically which is also still done. Now the manual backup: [root@node1-pub ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/ocrconfig -manualbackup

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We can take backup on a separate shared location also: [root@node1-pub ~]#/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/ocrconfig -backuploc /u02/ocr_backup To see the above backup we can use the same command 'ocrconfig': [root@node1-pub ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/ocrconfig -showbackup Note:Oracles solution to this problem is to combines the clusterware and ASM into a single Grid Infrastructure home and comes up a procedure with a complex start up sequence which mixes the different components of clusterware and ASM instance in order 3)Datafiles Backup: -------------------For Backing up your Database files,Redolog files,control files,Archive log files and other Database files,Please use 'rman' as it has many advantages over other user managed backup.RMAN gives you the flexibility of backing up Database in archive log mode(hot backup) and unarchive log mode(Cold backup). http://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?messageID=9624568#9624568 7)How to recover your RAC Database? Ans: If you have valid backup of OCR,Voting Disk and Database files than RAC Database recovery can be done without much lost or Damages.Below are some steps to do these: 1)OCR can be restore and recover using 'ocrconfig' command if you have a valid export backup of ocr. 2)Voting disk can be restore and recovered using 'dd' command if you have got the backup which you took from 'dd' command. Detail process we can get from below link: http://www.idevelopment.info/data/Oracle/DBA_tips/Oracle10gRAC/CLUSTER_65.shtml#Rec over the Voting Disk 3)Restore and Recover the Database First, take the database out of cluster mode,This is very important step, via: # sqlplus "/ as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat May 24 17:02:17 2008 Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup nomount; ORACLE instance started.

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Total System Global Area 268435456 bytes Fixed Size 1261300 bytes Variable Size 251658508 bytes Database Buffers 8388608 bytes Redo Buffers 7127040 bytes SQL> alter system set cluster_database=false scope=spfile sid='*'; System altered. SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01507: database not mounted ORACLE instance shut down. Then restore the database via RMAN: # rman target=/ Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat May 24 17:04:10 2008 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. connected to target database (not started) RMAN> startup mount; Oracle instance started database mounted Total System Global Area 268435456 bytes Fixed Size 1261300 bytes Variable Size 251658508 bytes Database Buffers 8388608 bytes Redo Buffers 7127040 bytes RMAN> restore database; Starting restore at 24-MAY-08 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=154 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

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restoring datafile 00001 to /u02/oracle/ora1/TESTDB/systTESTDB01.dbf restoring datafile 00002 to /u02/oracle/ora1/TESTDB/undotbs01.dbf restoring datafile 00003 to /u02/oracle/ora1/TESTDB/sysaux01.dbf restoring datafile 00004 to /u02/oracle/ora1/TESTDB/users01.dbf restoring datafile 00005 to /u02/oracle/ora1/TESTDB/example01.dbf restoring datafile 00006 to /u02/oracle/ora1/TESTDB/undotbs02.dbf restoring datafile 00007 to /u02/oracle/ora2/TESTDB/mgmt.dbf restoring datafile 00008 to /u02/oracle/ora1/TESTDB/mgmt_ecm_depot1.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/oracle/ora3/TESTDB/backups/0ijh6j4t_1_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 piece handle=/u02/oracle/ora3/TESTDB/backups/0ijh6j4t_1_1 tag=FHB_EM1200805241630 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:06:36 Finished restore at 24-MAY-08 Since my database is so small, I will simply restore the entire thing, however, since you know which datafile is missing, you could simply restore it and then recover the database as necessary. Recover the Database RMAN> recover database; Starting recover at 24-MAY-08 using channel ORA_DISK_1 starting media recovery media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 Finished recover at 24-MAY-08 RMAN> alter database open; database opened RMAN-06900: WARNING: unable to generate V$RMAN_STATUS or V$RMAN_OUTPUT row RMAN-06901: WARNING: disabling update of the V$RMAN_STATUS and V$RMAN_OUTPUT rows ORACLE error from target database: ORA-06502: PL/SQL: numeric or value error: character to number conversion error Afterwards, place the database back into cluster mode and startup both instances: # sqlplus "/ as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat May 24 17:16:36 2008

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Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining options SQL> alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile sid='*'; System altered. SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down.

# srvctl start database -d TESTDB [oracle@rac1 bdump]$ srvctl status database -d TESTDB Instance TESTDB1 is running on node rac1 Instance TESTDB2 is running on node rac2

8)What kind of backup strategy you are following for application server? Ans;Complete Oracle Application Server Environment Backup can be done using the below techniques, A complete Oracle Application Server environment backup includes: * A full backup of all files in the middle-tier Oracle homes (this includes Oracle software files and configuration files) * A full backup of all files in the Infrastructure Oracle home (this includes Oracle software files and configuration files) * A complete cold backup of the Metadata Repository * A full backup of the Oracle system files on each host in your environment. OracleAS Backup and Recovery Tool can be used for taking Oracle Application server backup.For more details and configuration of OracleAS Backup and Recovery tool refer the below link: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B14099_19/core.1012/b13995/br_tool.htm

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9)How your Add node to your RAC Database? Ans: To add a new node(server) to your RAC Database use the command 'srvctl' with the option given below. [oracle@testnode oracle]$ srvctl add nodeapps -n newserver_name -o $ORACLE_HOME -A 149.181.220.1/255.255.255.0/eth1 Note: The -A flag precedes an address specification. Howerver there is one more method: Run the addNode.sh script On an existing node from the Oracle_home/oui/bin directory,run the addNode.sh script Note:For above question if it is asked in detail than there are lot of steps,Which is explained in Q11. 10)For a Database created with ASM on RAC How you would add one more asm configuration? Ans: We can use DBCA in Silent Mode to Add ASM and Database Instances to Target Nodes We can use the DBCA in silent mode to add instances to nodes on which you have extended an Oracle Clusterware home and an Oracle Database home. Use the following syntax where password is the password as given below: $dbca -silent -addInstance -nodeList node -gdbName gdbname [-instanceName instname] -sysDBAUserName sysdba -sysDBAPassword password

Note:We can use Oracle Enterprise Manager grid control also to do the same task.

11)How you add node for a RAC cluster?Step by step? Ans:Below are the v steps for adding non-rac node to an RAC Database: I)Prerequisite Steps for Extending Oracle RAC to Target Nodes: The following steps describe how to set up target nodes to be part of your cluster: Step 1, "Make physical connections" Step 2, "Install the operating system" Step 3, "Create Oracle users" Step 4, "Verify the installation" =>use cluvfy ustility for verification of clusterware installation

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Eg: cluvfy stage -post hwos -n node_list|all [-verbose] II)Extend Oracle Clusterware to Target Nodes In the above step you have to stop clusterware services with 'crsctl' and create a clone environment by copying file and making identical copy of clusterware hope. III)Configure Shared Storage on Target Nodes Depending on the environment existing whether it is having asm,ocfs2,raw or any vendor shared storage make the environment same as the source.If the ASM HOME and ORACLE RAC database HOME exists in oracle than you don't need to do any thing as ASM home to a node will happen implicitly if it is not so the case,you must first extend the Oracle Clusterware home (CRS_home),ASM home, and then the Oracle home (in that order), in order to add the new node to the cluster. IV)Add the Oracle Real Application Clusters Database Homes to Target Nodes We can add the Oracle RAC database home to target nodes using either of the following methods: 1)Extending the Database Home to Target Nodes Using Oracle Universal Installer in Interactive Mode (OR) 2)Extending the Database Home to Target Nodes Using Oracle Universal Installer in Silent Mode Let us see the 2nd method which doesn't involve user interaction: We can optionally run addNode.sh in silent mode, replacing steps 1 through 6, as follows where nodeI, nodeI+1, and so on are the target nodes to which you are adding the Oracle RAC database home. *Ensure that you have successfully installed the Oracle Database with the Oracle RAC software on at least one node in your cluster environment. *Ensure that the $ORACLE_HOME environment variable identifies the successfully installed Oracle home. Go to Oracle_home/oui/bin and run the addNode.sh script. In the following example, nodeI, nodeI+1 (and so on) are the nodes that you are adding: addNode.sh -silent "CLUSTER_NEW_NODES={nodeI, nodeI+1, nodeI+n}" You can also specify the variable=value entries in a response file, known as filename, and you can run the addNode script as follows: addNode.sh -silent -responseFile filename Command-line values always override response file values.

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v)Add ASM and Oracle RAC Database Instances to Target Nodes We can add ASM and RAC Database Instances with the help of DBCA. After you terminate your DBCA session, run the following command to verify the administrative privileges on the target node and obtain detailed information about these privileges where nodelist consists of the target nodes: cluvfy comp admprv -o db_config -d oracle_home -n nodelist [-verbose] Above the steps in brief so that we can crack the interview.The actual steps might be in detailed which we have to plan and do to avoid issues. 12)Have you done upgrade/migration from Oracle 11i Application to Oracle R12 Applications and What are the steps followed in brief? Ans: Upgradation/migration tasks from Oracle 11i to R12 can be divided into 3 steps in broad: 1: Prerequisites: Must be completed prior to using the migration utility. 2: Migration Tasks : Tasks to migrate an application tier to a new platform. 3: Finishing Tasks: Tasks that need to be performed after the migration. Application Tier Platform Migration with Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12 [ID 438086.1] explain these steps in best way.Other metalink notes from My oracle support which can be really helpful in performing upgradation/migration are: Export/import process for R12 using 11gR1 or 11gR2 [ID 741818.1] Using Transportable Database to migrate E-Business Suite R12 Using Oracle Database 10gR2 or 11g [ID 734763.1] Oracle EBS R12 with Database Tier Only Platform on Oracle Database 11.2.0 [ID 456347.1] 13)What are the difference between Oracle 12.0.4 and 12.1.1 applications? Ans: The metalink note 566521.1 Oracle Application Object Library Release Notes, Release 12.1.1 explain the difference in the best way.Link is given below: https://support.oracle.com/CSP/main/article?cmd=show&type=NOT&doctype=README&id=5 66521.1 14)What is the difference in java for Oracle 11i and Oracle R12 Application? Ans: There are 3 key technical differences when we compare Oracle 11i and R12,They are: 1) Jserv in apps 11i(mod_jserv) is replaced by OC4J (mod_oc4j) in apps R12. 2) JDBC version is changed from version 9 in apps 11i to version 10.2.0 in Apps R12 and 3) Java processes use JDK version 1.3.1 or 1.4.2 in Apps 11i,where as R12 uses JDK/JRE version 1.5.0. 15)What are the difference between Oracle 11i and R12? Ans:

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Database: Database Version in 11i (11.5.9 & 11.5.10) was 9i Rel 2 where as in Release 12 its 10g R2 (10.2.0.2) Application Tier: Tech Stack in Application Tier consist of iAS(1.0.2.2.2) & Developer 6i (Forms & Reports 8.0.6) but in Applications R12 it is build on Fusion Middleware (10g Web Server and 10g Forms & Reports) Sub component in Application Tier A) HTTP Server or Web Server in R12 is Version 10.1.3 which is built on Apache version 1.3.34. In apps 11i it is Version 1.0.2.2.2 built on Apache Version 1.3.19 B) Jserv in apps 11i is replaced by OC4J (mod_jserv is replaced by mod_oc4j) C) Forms Version 6i in Apps 11i is replaced by Forms 10.1.2.0.2 in R12 D) Reports Version 6i in Apps 11i is replaced by Reports 10.1.2.0.2 in R12 E) JDBC version is changed from version 9 in apps 11i to version 10.2.0 in Apps R12 F) modplsql or mod_pls is removed from Apps R12 (What will happen to my mod plsql applications- coming soon* ) G) Java processes use JDK/JRE version 1.5.0 in R12 against JDK version 1.3.1 or 1.4.2 in Apps 11i H) For various environment variable changes check below picture I) New top INSTANCE_TOP added in Release 12 for configuration and log files 16)What is the major use of INST_TOP? Ans:New TOP $INST_TOP(INSTANCE_TOP) in Application Tier.If you are familiar with Oracle Apps 11i ,The file system for 11i with various TOP's consist of APPL_TOP, ORA_TOP, COMMON_TOP, DB_TOP and DATA_TOP. With Multiple Middle Tier configuration came shared APPL_TOP (only APPL_TOP used to be shared ). After shared APPL_TOP came shared Application Tier (All three TOP's on Application Tier, APPL_TOP, ORA_TOP and COMMON_TOP were shared across servers). With this came challenge of configuration files which are specific to a server mainly iAS & 806 configuration file. If we have configured Shared Application Tier (sharing ORA_TOP as well) in 11i then this problem was overcome by creating conf directory in COMMON_TOP. In Oracle Apps R12,We can see new TOP called INSTANCE_TOP($INST_TOP) in Application Tier. This TOP will now hold any configuration files (specific to that server) , Certificates (If SSL is enabled SSL Certificates & any other certificates specific to that server) and related log files or pid files (for Apache or any other process). In diagram tops with <>ST can be shared across servers (Shared Tier) and INSTANCE_TOP will be specific to Server. 17)What is OID? Ans:OID which stands for Oracle Internet Directory is part of Identity Management in

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Infrastructure Tier of Fusion Middleware. OID is part of infrastructure tier in 10g Application Server (Identity Mangement from 10.1.4 onwards). Oracle Internet Directory (OID) is Oracles Implementation of LDAP (Light weight Directory Access Protocol)which is ldap version 3 compliant. OID is special kind of database repository in which information is stored in Tree structure also called DIT (Directory Information Tree). 18)How to do Oracle Application single-signon configuration? Ans:We can use OID (Oracle Internet Directory) For configuring Single-Signon configuration.For implementation details the best link is the below one: http://www.appsdba.info/docs/oracle_apps/advance/Integrate_AppsR12_with_OID_SSO.pdf (OR) The below MY ORACLE SUPPORT ID can be useful in doing single-signon configuration using Progress Reporter. Configuring Oracle Application Server Single Sign-On (OSSO) with P6 [ID 1110098.1] We can configure Oracle Application server single sign-on(OSSO) with P6(progress reporter 6). Configuring Oracle Application Server Single Sign-On (OSSO) with P6 Part 1 - Configure P6 Authentication Scheme In the P6 v7.0 Client Applications media download, there is a tool called LDAPCfgWiz.exe (\P6_70_Client_Applications\install\database\ldap-config). This tool configures the authentication mode and specifies the LDAP store information as well as steps for provisioning users from the LDAP store to the database. In the Admin Guide, located in the Documentation medial download (P6_70_Documentation\language\Product Manuals) or http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E16281_01/index.htm, follow pages 313-323 for detailed steps to setting authentication mode, specifying LDAP store information, and provisioning users. Note: For Web Authentication you will be setting Web Single Sign On.Provisioning the users to the database is a required step. When the users are provisioned, these users still require licensing to Primavera modules. This is accomplished by logging into the P6 Project Management application. Part 2 - Configure P6 Web Access The P6 Web Administration Application has to be configured for authentication to Oracle Application Server Single Sign-On.

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Launch the Administration Application by going to the P6 Web Home directory and launching. adminpv.cmd (windows) or adminpv.sh (unix). You can also launch the Administration Application through the browser (http://servername:port/primaveraweb/admin.jsp). We will need to log into the P6 Web Administration Application using your privileged database user account (ex. PRIVUSER). Under Custom, select the plus-sign (+) next to the configuration you are using for P6 Web Access (ex. Primavera Configuration) Expand Authentication and set the Mode equal to WebSSO Under Web Single Sign-On, set the following values: Setting Value User Name Header Key The name of the http header you specified in the policy server Context Path Override The path used to pass web requests from the Single Sign-On Web server to the server of P6 Web Access. Server and Port Override The fully qualified domain name and port for the Web server that the Single Sign-On server is controlling. Save your configuration and restart the P6 Web Application server Part 3 - Configure P6 Progress Reporter The P6 Progress Reporter Configuration Application has to be configured for authentication to Oracle Application Server Single Sign-On Launch the Configuration Application through the browser by going to http://servername:port/pr/admin/configuration Click the Authentication link at the top of the screen Enter the User Header being used with your SSO configuration (ex. Proxy-Remote-User) Save your configuration and restart the P6 Progress Reporter server 19)Do you have any idea of load balancing in application?How load balancing is done? Ans: I will not be doing justice to myself and others if I don't share this link with you all.Navdeep had explained the load balancing in application in a really beautiful way.Check the below link: http://practicalappsdba.wordpress.com/category/for-master-apps-dbas/ If we want more basic stuffs we can get from below MY ORACLE SUPPORT ID(metalink note 380489.1): Using Load-Balancers with Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12 The most current version of this document can be obtained in Oracle Metalink Note 380489.1

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20)What is demililitarized setup? Ans:DMZ stands for Demilitarized Zone. It is a network segment that is separate from your internal network, where publicly accessible servers reside, (ie: an FTP server). This separation provides an additional layer of security for your internal network. If one of these DMZ servers is compromised, intruders will not be allowed direct access to your internal network as well.To provide segregation from your internal network, the DMZ should be created on an interface of the SonicWall that is different from the one used for your internal LAN. The above question is basically dealing with how you protect your network and security of the Network.Ofcourse as a DBA networking awareness and security details related to networking is very crucial so that we can guide network team to maintain security at network layer also. 21)Do you have any questions? Ans: In this question you have to express your eagerness to know about company,team size and the role you will be assigned after getting this postition.Be carefull don't show your eagerness to get this job at any cost by begging,remember one thing "If the company needs you they will take you by paying any cost but,if they don't need than you don't get that job even after reducing your cost. Below are few questions we can ask: 1)Gather some information about company if you come to know before giving interview or else ask For which kind of sector the company is progressing. 2)How many memembers are going to work on this project? 3)What will be my role if I get selected? I tried to share my knowledge in a best way.I used Few links and reference to get the best out of the oracle technology and understand in a best way. Hope it helps. Happy INTERVIEWS Best regards,

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1)Describe oracle 9i Architecture? Ans:

This is one of the basic question asked in interview.To explain in brief,oracle 9i Server consist of 1)ORACLE INSTANCE & 2)ORACLE DATABASE 1)ORACLE INSTANCE:Oracle Instance consists of SGA and group of mandatory back ground processes like SMON,PMON,DBWR,LGWR & CKPT SGA:SGA Consist of Shared pool which in turn consists of library cache and Data Dictionary cache.In the Library cache recently executed SQL,PL/SQL statements are stored.Dictionary cache is used to give privileges to the users or roles. Database buffer cache:The database buffer cache is a portion of the System Global Area (SGA) , which is responsible for caching the frequently accessed blocks of a segment. The subsequent transactions requiring the same blocks can then access them from memory, instead of from the hard disk. The database buffer cache works on the basis of the least recently used (LRU) algorithm, according to which the most frequently accessed blocks are retained in memory while the less frequent ones are phased out. Redolog Buffer cache:A log buffer is a circular buffer in the SGA that holds information about changes made to the database. This information is stored in the redo entries. Redo entries contain the information necessary to reconstruct or redo changes made to the database by insert, update, delete, create, alter, or drop operations. Redo entries are primarily used for database recovery as necessary. The server processes generate redo data into the log buffer as they make changes to the data blocks in the buffer. LGWR subsequently writes entries from the redo log buffer to the online redo log. Program Global Area (PGA) A Program Global Area (PGA) is a memory region that contains data and control information for a server process. It is a non-shared memory region created by Oracle when a server process is started. Access to the PGA is exclusive to that server process and it is read and written only by Oracle code acting on its behalf. It contains a private SQL area and a session memory area JAVA Pool:The JAVA Pool holds the JAVA execution code,used by export/import activities. LARGE POOL: Oracle Large Pool is an optional memory component of the oracle database SGA. This area is used for providing large memory allocations in many situations that arise during the operations of an oracle database instance.

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1. Session memory for the a shared server and the Oracle XA Interface when distributed transactions are involved 2. I/O Server Processes 3. Parallel Query Buffers 4. Oracle Backup and Restore Operations using RMAN Large Pool plays an important role in Oracle Database Tuning since the allocation of the memory for the above components otherwise is done from the shared pool. Also due to the large memory requirements for I/O and Rman operations, the large pool is better able to satisfy the requirements instead of depending on the Shared Pool Area. Usage of a Large Pool Area allows the shared pool to primarily cache SQL and avoid the overhead UGA:The User Global Area (UGA) is a memory area (RAM) that holds session-based information. UGA comes in to picture only in case of Shared server connection because of the below reasons: Dedicated Server : When running in Dedicated Server mode (one session = one dedicated process), the UGA is stored in the PGA (process global area). Shared Server: When running in Shared Server mode (MTS(Multi-threaded server)) with shared servers and dispatchers), sessions can be served by multiple server processes. As a result, the UGA cannot be stored in the PGA, and is moved to the SGA (shared global area). Mandatory Background process and their short descriptions are as follows: ------------------------------------------------------------------------1)SMON:The System Monitor process performs instance recovery when a failed instance starts up again. 2)PMON:The Process Monitor process performs process recovery when a user process fails . PMON is responsible for cleaning up the cache and freeing resources that the failed process was using and for checking on the dispatcher and server processes and restarting them if they have failed. 3)DBWR:Database Writer writes all modified blocks from the database buffer cache out to the proper datafiles. 4)LGWR:The Log Writer process writes redo log entries from the redo log buffer out to the online redo logs on disk. If your database has multiplexed redo logs, log writer writes the redo log entries to the entire group of online redo log files and commits only when all the redo has been written to disk. 5)CKPT:The checkpoint ensures that the checkpoint number is written into the datafile headers and along with the log sequence number, archive log names (if the database is in archive log

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mode), and the system change numbers is written into the control file. i.e The checkpoint process is responsible for syncronization of the Datafiles and control file with the same SCN number. Note:CKPT does not write blocks to disk; DBWn always performs this task. CKPT triggers DBWR to write the blocks out to their respective files. Archiver (ARCn) Archiver (an optional process) copies the online redo log files to archival storage after a log switch has occurred for databases running in archive log mode. Although a single archiver process (ARC0) is usually sufficient for most systems, you can specify up to 10 ARCn processes by using the dynamic initialization parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES. If the archiving workload gets to be too much for the current number of archiver processes, log writer automatically starts another archiver process up to the maximum of 10 processes. ARCn is active only when a database is in ARCHIVELOG mode and automatic archiving is enabled. Recoverer (RECO) The Recoverer (an optional process) is used to resolve any distributed transactions left pending due to a network or system failure in a distributed database. At timed intervals, the local RECO attempts to connect to the associated remote databases and, if it is successful, automatically complete the commit or rollback of the local portions of any pending distributed transactions

Physical structure of the Database: physical components of oracle database are control files redo log files and datafiles. 1)Datafiles:Datafiles are the physical files which stores data of all logical structure. 2)Control file: control file is read in the mount state of database. control file is a small binary file which records the physical structure of database which includes *database name *names and locations of datafiles and online redo log files. *timestamp of database creation *check point information *current log sequence number. 3)Redo log files: Redo log files saves all the changes that are made to the database as they occur. This plays a great role in the database recovery.

2)How to check concurrent manager is up & running ? Ans: One way to see if a concurrent manager is up & running is to use the 'Administer concurrent Managers' form. Navigate to Concurrent->Managers->Administer.You will see two columns labeled 'Actual' and 'Target'.The Target column lists the number of processes that should be running for each manager for this particular workshift.The Actual column lists the number of processes that are actually running.If the Actual column is zero,there are no processes running for this manager.If the Target column is zero,then either a workshift does not specify any target processes.If the

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target column is not zero,then the manager processes have either failed to start up,or gone down.We should check the manager's logfile and the ICM(Internal concurrent manager) logfile. Note:It is possible for the form to be inaccurate,i.e it may show actual processes even thought they are not really running.So check the below command. (OR) In Unix environment:We can also check for OS processes using the 'ps' command. $ps -ef|grep FNDLIBR In windows environment:We can check to see if the concurrent manager services is running using the service control panel. 3)How to check the Apache or Http server is up and running? Ans: We can use the below command: $ps -ef|grep httpd 4)What is resumable space allocation? Ans: Resumable Space Allocation Long running operations such as imports and batch processes sometimes fail because the server is unable to allocate more extents for an object. This may be because the object has reached max_extents or there isn't sufficient room in the tablespace for the object to expand. In previous releases the operation would have to be rerun, possible with some manual cleanup necessary. In Oracle9i operations that would fail due to space allocation problems can be suspended and restarted once the problem is fixed. It can be enabled or disabled as follows: ALTER SESSION ENABLE RESUMABLE; ALTER SESSION DISABLE RESUMABLE; 5)How to create password file in oracle & List the options used to create the password file? Ans: We can create a password file using the password file creation utility,ORAPWD . Eg:orapwd FILE=orapworcl ENTRIES=30 Where: FILE :Name to assign to the password file.We must specify the full path name for the file. ENTRIES This argument specifies the number of entries that you require the password file to accept. This number corresponds to the number of distinct users allowed to connect to the database as SYSDBA or SYSOPER. The actual number of allowable entries can be higher than the number of users, because the ORAPWD utility continues to assign password entries until an operating system block is filled. For example, if your operating system block size is 512 bytes, it holds four password entries. The number of password entries allocated is always a multiple of four. Entries can be reused as users are added to and removed from the password file. If you intend to specify REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE, and to allow the granting of SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges to users, this argument is required. FORCE This argument, if set to Y, enables you to overwrite an existing password file. An error is

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returned if a password file of the same name already exists and this argument is omitted or set to N. IGNORECASE If this argument is set to y, passwords are case-insensitive. That is, case is ignored when comparing the password that the user supplies during login with the password in the password file. 6)What is conflict Resolution Manager in oracle Application?Ans: Concurrent Managers read requests to start concurrent programs running.The conflict Resolution Manager checks concurrent program definitions for incompatibility rules. If a program is identified as Run Alone,then the Conflict Resolution Manager prevents the concurrent manager from starting other programs in the same conflict domain. when a program lists other programs as being incompatible with it,the conflict Resolution Manager prevents the program from starting until any incompatible programs in the same domain have completed running. 7)How to check the process consuming more cpu & what action you will take on this? Ans: At the OS level we can use the below commands: sar & top to get CPU utilization details. sar -u 2 5 -u=>user level Report CPU utilization for each 2 seconds. 5 lines are displayed. (OR) $top -c Database level: -----------------The join query involving mainly v$process,v$session can also be used to get CPU and I/O consumption of the users: Users and Sessions CPU and I/O consumption can be obtained by below query: -- shows Day wise,User wise,Process id of server wise- CPU and I/O consumption set linesize 140 col spid for a6 col program for a35 trunc select p.spid SPID,to_char(s.LOGON_TIME,'DDMonYY HH24:MI') date_login,s.username,decode(nvl(p.background,0),1,bg.description, s.program ) program, ss.value/100 CPU,physical_reads disk_io,(trunc(sysdate,'J')-trunc(logon_time,'J')) days, round((ss.value/100)/(decode((trunc(sysdate,'J')-trunc(logon_time,'J')),0,1,(trunc(sysdate,'J')trunc(logon_time,'J')))),2) cpu_per_day from V$PROCESS p,V$SESSION s,V$SESSTAT ss,V$SESS_IO si,V$BGPROCESS bg where s.paddr=p.addr and ss.sid=s.sid and ss.statistic#=12 and si.sid=s.sid and bg.paddr(+)=p.addr and round((ss.value/100),0) > 10

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order by 8; 8)What will be the state of Database when the current online redolog gets corrupted? Ans: Database should be up and running. If the CURRENT redo log is lost and if the DB is closed consistently, OPEN RESETLOGS can be issued directly without any transaction loss. SQL>Alter Database open resetlogs; For more such scenarios check the below link: http://drdatabase.wordpress.com/2009/03/13/missing-redo-logs-scenario/ 9))What will happen to Database when any of the mandatory Background process gets killed? Ans: Instance should get crashed. 10)What is ORA-60 error? Ans: ORA-60 is the Deadlock error.We can see this error in the alert log file of the Database.For more detail regarding this error check the alert log file which will tell you the trace file location which is usually present in UDUMP Directory(User related error and trace file Directory location).We can check this trace file to see which session is blocking which session and we can also get the exact SQL statement which is causing the deadlock from this trace file.Usually Deadlocks are detected and resolved automatically by oracle.In most of the cases I Found Deadlock happens due to Application designing issue.In order to prevent them happening next time we need to change the Application design which is causing deadlock. 11)How often you take production Database backup?What kind of Backup do you take? Ans: We have to be very careful when answering Backup strategy related questions usually we don't shut down or bounce our production Database daily,production database is bounced weekly once to take cold backup.But we take hot backup/online backup monday to Saturday after export backup.Cold backup is done only on sundays after doing logical export backup in my current organization. Backup strategy we follow for production Database is as follows: 1)Full export at 3 am followed by cold backup on sunday. 2)Full export at 6 am followed by online backup on monday-saturday. We usually take hot and cold backup for our production Database.

Hope these questions help in interview preparation and interview clearance.

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INTERVIEW QUESTIONS OF GENISYS

Hi, Below are the interview questions of Genisys : Q 1)How to check the archive log mode ? Ans: We can check the archive log mode as follows: SQL> archive log list Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /usr/app/oracle/arch Oldest online log sequence 14237 Next log sequence to archive 14245 Current log sequence 14245 SQL> select log_mode from v$database; LOG_MODE -----------ARCHIVELOG Q 2)How to apply patch online in apps? Ans: We can apply patch online without selecting the option 5 of adadmin utility which tells enable maintainance mode and using adpatch options=hotpatch. Q 3)How to check th patches applied in Oracle Database? Ans: opatch -lsinventory gives the list of patches applied in oracle Database. 4)How to check the patches applied in Oracle application? Ans: Method 1: Check Patches applied from Oracle Application Manager(OAM). a)Connect to OAM: http://hostname.domain:PORT/servlets/weboam/oam/oamlogin Go to Site Map->Maintenance->Applied Patches Enter Patch ID and press 'Go' See if Patch was returned. Method 2: Use 'adphrept' utility documented in Metalink Note:181665.1. Method 3:

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We might also use the below query,However method 1 & 2 are more reliable. SELECT DISTINCT RPAD(a.BUG_NUMBER, 11)||RPAD(e.patch_name, 11)||RPAD(TRUNC(c.end_date), 12)||RPAD(b.applied_flag, 4)BUG_APPLIED FROM ad_bugs a, ad_patch_run_bugs b, ad_patch_drivers d, ad_applied_patches e WHERE a.bug_id=b.bug_id AND b.patch_run_id=c.patch_run_id AND c.patch_driver_id=d.patch_driver_id AND d.applied_patch_id=e.applied_patch_id AND a.bug_number in('','') ORDER BY 1 DESC; Method 4: In multi-node environment we are advised to use Patch Query from section "Checking the Patch Requirements on each Appl_Top" of the Metalink Note:364439.1 (OR) 1)Login as apps user into sqlplus or an other tool to query the oracle Database: 2)Execute the below query: Select *from applsys.ad_bugs where bug_number=''; If that query returns a row then the patch is applied. is the number associate to the patch in Metalink.

Q 5)What are the parameters obsolute or depreciated in oracle 10g? Ans :There are about 122 obsolute parameters in oracle 11g : SQL> select name from v$obsolete_parameter; To list few of them are: spin_count,use_ism,lock_sga_areas,instance_nodeset,large_pool_min_alloc enqueue_resources,,lgwr_io_slaves,arch_io_slaves,backup_disk_io_slaves....... Parameters obsolute in oracle 10g are: According to v$parameter there are 25 deprecated Oracle 10g initialization parameters mts_servers,mts_services,mts_max_dispatchers,max_rollback_segments,log_parallelism... Q 6)How to kill session at OS level and Database level? Ans: OS LEVEL: ---------

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kill -9 pid where pid=> process id DATABASE LEVEL: ---------------ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION 'sid,serial#'; Eg:

Q 7)How to check the patch logs in oracle 11i application? Ans:$cd $APPL_TOP/admin/SID/log Which consists of two files one is the main log file with .log extension and another is the lgi file which is the log information file.

Q 8)If we lost context file in oracle apps,how can we recreate it? Ans: Yes,we can recreate the context file in the oracle application with the help of the perl script $perl adclonectx.pl \ contextfile=Path name Hope this help.Please feel free to give any feedback.

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS OF IBM

Hi, These are the interview questions of IBM : Q 1)What is ORA-01555 error? Ans: This is one of the most favourite interview question,It can be asked by many companies: Tom had explained beautifully check the below link: http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=100:11:0::::P11_QUESTION_ID:275215756923 Q 2)How you will kill a process completely? Ans We use the command SQL>alter system kill session(sid,serial#) immediate; The process might still be existing in OS We use kill -9 pid Through SQL we can get pid of OS in SPID column by combining views v$process and v$session. Q 3)What are the new features of RMAN in oracle 10g? Ans: The top 10 new features of RMAN in oracle 10g are: 1)Incrementally Updated Backups:Using this feature all changes between the SCN of the original image copy and the SCN of the incremental backup are applied to the image copy,

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winding it forward to make the equivalent of a new database image copy without the overhead of such a backup. The following example shows how this can be used: RUN { RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'incr_backup' UNTIL TIME 'SYSDATE - 7'; BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'incr_backup' DATABASE; } The RECOVER COPY... line will not do anything until the script has been running for more than 7 days. The BACKUP INCREMENTAL line will perform a complete backup (level 0) the first day it is run, with all subsequent backups being level 1 incremental backups. After 7 days, the RECOVER COPY... line will start to take effect, merging all incremental backups older than 7 days into the level 0 backup, effectively moving the level 0 backup forward. The effect of this is that you will permanently have a 7 day recovery window with a 7 day old level 0 backup and 6 level 1 incremental backups. Notice that the tag must be used to identify which incremental backups apply to which image copies. 2)Fast Incremental BackupsThere are performance issues associated with incremental backups as the whole of each datafile must be scanned to identify changed blocks. In Oracle 10g it is possible to track changed blocks using a change tracking file. Enabling change tracking does produce a small overhead, but it greatly improves the performance of incremental backups. The current change tracking status can be displayed using the following query: SELECT status FROM v$block_change_tracking; Change tracking is enabled using the ALTER DATABASE command: ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING; Disabled using: ALTER DATABASE DISABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING; 4)BACKUP for Backupsets and Image CopiesIn Oracle 10g the BACKUP command has been extended to allow it to initiate backups of image copies in addition to backupsets. As a result the COPY command has been deprecated in favour of this new syntax. BACKUP AS COPY DATABASE; BACKUP AS COPY TABLESPACE users; BACKUP AS COPY DATAFILE 1; 5)Cataloging Backup PiecesIt is now possible to manually catalog a backup piece using the CATALOG commands in RMAN. This allows backup files to be moved to alternate locations or manually archived to tape and brought back for restore operations. In Oracle 9i this functionality was only availabale for controlfile copies, archivelog copies and datafile copies. In addition, there are some shortcuts to allow multiple files to be cataloged using a single command. The following examples give the general idea: # Catalog specific backup piece.

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CATALOG BACKUPPIECE '/backup/MYSID/01dmsbj4_1_1.bcp'; # Catalog all files and the contents of directories which # begin with the pattern "/backup/MYSID/arch". CATALOG START WITH '/backup/MYSID/arch'; # Catalog all files in the current recovery area. CATALOG RECOVERY AREA NOPROMPT; # Catalog all files in the current recovery area. # This is an exact synonym of the previous command. CATALOG DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST NOPROMPT; 6)Automatic Instance Creation for RMAN TSPITRIf a tablespace point-in-time recovery (TSPITR) is initiated with no reference to an auxillary instance RMAN now automatically creates an one. The auxillary instance configuration is based on that of the target database. As a result, any channels required for the restore operations must be present in the target database so they are configured correctly in the auxillary instance. The location of the datafiles for the auxillary instance are specified using the AUXILIARY DESTINATION clause shown below. RECOVER TABLESPACE users UNTIL LOGSEQ 2400 THREAD 1 AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/u01/oradata/auxdest';The tablespace is taken offline, restored from a backup, recovered to the specified point-in-time in the auxillary instance and re-imported into the target database. The tablespace in the target database should then be backed up and the tablespace brought back online. BACKUP TABLESPACE users; SQL "ALTER TABLESPACE users ONLINE";On successful completion the auxillary instance will be cleaned up automatically. In the event of errors the auxillary instance is left intact to aid troubleshooting. 7)Cross-Platform Tablespace Conversion The CONVERT TABLESPACE allows tablespaces to be transported between platforms with different byte orders. The mechanism for transporting a tablespaces is unchanged, this command merely converts the tablespace to allow the transport to work. The platform of the source and destination platforms can be identified using the V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM view. The platform of the local server is not listed as no conversion in necessary for a matching platform. SQL> SELECT platform_name FROM v$transportable_platform; PLATFORM_NAME -----------------------------------Solaris[tm] OE (32-bit)

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... ... Microsoft Windows 64-bit for AMD 15 rows selected.The tablespace conversion can take place on either the source or the destination server. The following examples show how the command is used in each case: # Conversion on a Solaris source host to a Linux destincation file. CONVERT TABLESPACE my_tablespace TO PLATFORM 'Linux IA (32-bit)' FORMAT='/tmp/transport_linux/%U'; # Conversion on a Linux destination host from a Solaris source file. CONVERT DATAFILE= '/tmp/transport_solaris/my_ts_file01.dbf', '/tmp/transport_solaris/my_ts_file02.dbf' FROM PLATFORM 'Solaris[tm] OE (32-bit)' DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT '/tmp/transport_solaris','/u01/oradata/MYDB';In the first example the converted files are placed in the directory specified by the FORMAT clause. In the second example the specified datafiles are converted to the local servers platform and placed in the correct directory specified by the DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT clause. 8)Enhanced Stored Scripts Commands Scripts can now be defined as global allowing them to be accessed by all databases within the recovery catalog. The syntax for global script manipulation is the same as that for regular scripts with the addition of the GLOBAL clause prior the word SCRIPT. Examples of it's usage are shown below: CREATE GLOBAL SCRIPT full_backup { BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG; DELETE FORCE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE; } CREATE GLOBAL SCRIPT full_backup FROM FILE 'full_backup.txt'; RUN { EXECUTE GLOBAL SCRIPT full_backup; } PRINT GLOBAL SCRIPT full_backup; LIST GLOBAL SCRIPT NAMES; LIST ALL SCRIPT NAMES; # Global and local scripts. REPLACE GLOBAL SCRIPT full_backup {

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BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG; DELETE FORCE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE; } REPLACE GLOBAL SCRIPT full_backup FROM FILE 'full_backup.txt'; DELETE GLOBAL SCRIPT 'full_backup'; 8)Backupset CompressionThe AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET option of the BACKUP command allows RMAN to perform binary compression of backupsets. The resulting backupsets do not need to be uncompressed during recovery. It is most useful in the following circumstances: You are performing disk-based backup with limited disk space. You are performing backups across a network where network bandwidth is limiting. You are performing backups to tape, CD or DVD where hardware compression is not available. The following examples assume that some persistent parameters are configured in a similar manner to those listed below: CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS; CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/backups/MYSID/%d_DB_%u_%s_%p'; The AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET option can be used explicitly in the backup command: # Whole database and archivelogs. BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG; # Datafiles 1 and 5 only. BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET DATAFILE 1,5;Alternatively the option can be defined using the CONFIGURE command: # Configure compression. CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET; # Whole database and archivelogs. BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;Compression requires additional CPU cycles which may affect the performance of the database. For this reason it should not be used for tape backups where hardware compression is available. 9)Restore PreviewThe PREVIEW option of the RESTORE command allows you to identify the backups required to complete a specific restore operation. The output generated by the command is in the same format as the LIST command. In addition the PREVIEW SUMMARY command can be used to produce a summary report with the same format as the LIST SUMMARY

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command. The following examples show how these commands are used: # Preview RESTORE DATABASE PREVIEW; RESTORE TABLESPACE users PREVIEW; # Preview Summary RESTORE DATABASE PREVIEW SUMMARY; RESTORE TABLESPACE users PREVIEW SUMMARY; 10)Managing Backup Duration and ThrottlingThe DURATION clause of the of the BACKUP command restricts the total time available for a backup to complete. At the end of the time window backup is interrupted with any incomplete backupsets discarded. All complete backupsets are kept and used for future restore operations. The following examples show how it is used: BACKUP DURATION 2:00 TABLESPACE users; BACKUP DURATION 5:00 DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOGS; Q4)What are the advantages of DATAPUMP over export import?Why Datapump is very fast compared to export/import? Ans:Top 10 difference between exp/imp(export/import) and expdp/impdp(Datapump export and import) are: 1)Data Pump Export and Import operate on a group of files called a dump file set rather than on a single sequential dump file. 2)Data Pump Export and Import access files on the server rather than on the client. This results in improved performance. It also means that directory objects are required when you specify file locations. 3)The Data Pump Export and Import modes operate symmetrically, whereas original export and import did not always exhibit this behavior. For example, suppose you perform an export with FULL=Y, followed by an import using SCHEMAS=HR. This will produce the same results as if you performed an export with SCHEMAS=HR, followed by an import with FULL=Y. 4)Data Pump Export and Import use parallel execution rather than a single stream of execution, for improved performance. This means that the order of data within dump file sets and the information in the log files is more variable. 5)Data Pump Export and Import represent metadata in the dump file set as XML documents rather than as DDL commands. This provides improved flexibility for transforming the metadata at import time. 6)Data Pump Export and Import are self-tuning utilities. Tuning parameters that

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were used in original Export and Import, such as BUFFER and RECORDLENGTH, are neither required nor supported by Data Pump Export and Import. 7)At import time there is no option to perform interim commits during the restoration of a partition. This was provided by the COMMIT parameter in original Import. 8)There is no option to merge extents when you re-create tables. In original Import, this was provided by the COMPRESS parameter. Instead, extents are reallocated according to storage parameters for the target table. 9)Sequential media, such as tapes and pipes, are not supported. 10)The Data Pump method for moving data between different database versions is different than the method used by original Export/Import. With original Export, you had to run an older version of Export (exp) to produce a dump file that was compatible with an older database version. With Data Pump, you can use the current Export (expdp) version and simply use the VERSION parameter to specify the target database version

Q5)What is lock?What is row and table level lock? Ans:Locks are mechanism that prevent distructive interaction between transaction accessing the same resource. This is most common scenario where a developer comes and tell you my session got locked can you please release the lock,as a DBA you just need to check the actual session holding the lock with the help of below query:

Step1:To verify the lock object Here is the import query: ---------------------------------------------------------------

SELECT o.owner, o.object_name, o.object_type, o.last_ddl_time, o.status, l.session_id, l.oracle_username, l.locked_mode FROM dba_objects o, gv$locked_object l WHERE o.object_id = l.object_id; Step 2: --------Find the serial# for the sessions holding the lock: SQL> select SERIAL# from v$session where SID=667; SERIAL# ----------

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21091 SQL> alter system kill session '667,21091'; System altered.

Actual speaking all locks acquired by statement within a transaction are held for duration of the transaction. Oracle release all locks acquired by statement within a transaction when an explicit or implicit commit or rollback is executed.

Q6)What are the Database you are handling?What is the maximum size? Ans:I'm handling Production,Stand by,Datawarehouse,Performance,Test,Development,Demo and SAP Databases. The maximum size of my Database(Datawarehouse Database) is 750 gb,usually Datawarehouse Database(OLAP=>Online Analytical processing) will be larger in size compare to transactional Databases(OLTP=>Online Transactional processing.

Best regards, Srinivas. Posted by Srinivas at 2:48 AM 2 comments Links to this post Email This BlogThis! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Google Buzz Labels: INTERVIEWS Reactions:

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MOST IMPORTANT DBA & APPS DBA INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Hi , Below is the list of favourite interview questions and answers: 1)Describe the hot backup mechanism?Why we say more redos generate during hot backup? (SONY,TESCO,ROBERT BOSCH Ans: When we give the below command: SQL>Alter tablespace/database TS_NAME begin backup; The following things happen: 1)A Checkpoint occurs 2)A timestamp is started. 3)Datafile header gets freezed but the DBWR process can write the data or the server process reads the data to the other portion of the datafile.

Here we come across some interesting things happening: 1)As Users can continue to work on the database when the database is in hotbackup mode,at the same time we say more redos are generated. Let me tell you how we confirm the tablespace is in hot backup mode: SQL>select status from v$backup; SQL> select file#||' '||status||' '||time from v$backup; If the status = active,It is in hotbackup mode. If the status = not active,It is not in hotbackup mode. We say when the tablespace is in hot backup mode more redos are generated: Let me tell you what exactly what this concept is,when we issue the command ALTER TABLESPACE TS_NAME BEGIN BACKUP,Users are doing the normal transaction activities in the form of insert/update/delete so when the OS command CP is issued to copy the file to backup destination at that time if there is ANY UPDATE is issued or any change happen to the block than the ENTIRE IMAGE OF THE BLOCK IS COPIED TO REDOLOG FILES.This happen frequently whenever there is change happening to the block,so each time any change happening to the block the ENTIRE IMAGE OF THE BLOCK IS COPIED TO THE REDOLOG FILE FOR RECOVERY PURPOSE so we say in HOT BACKUP MORE REDOS ARE GENERATED. There is one more interesting thing happening as CP is a dummy command it doesn't know the change happened in the block when there is some data written by DBWR so the block in such a

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state during the hot backup is known as "SPLIT BLOCK" or "FRUCTURED BLOCK".Thats why we say the hot backup is inconsistent backup. When we issue the command: SQL>ALTER TABLESPACE/DATABASE TBS_NAME end backup; The datafile headers get open and the normal database operations can go on as it is. Hope it helps .........

2)Describe the steps for upgrading the Database?(SONY,ORACLE) Refer my previous posts. 3)How can you determine the CPU usage,IO usage ? Ans: IN Operating system: top -c can give up the %CPU usage. iostat can give up the blocks read/write per second detail information along with the iowait. IN Database: A Join query of v$session and v$process can help in getting the CPU and process related details as below: select s.username Oracle User,s.osuser OS User,i.consistent_gets Consistent Gets,i.physical_reads Physical Reads,s.status Status,s.sid SID,s.serial# Serial#, s.machine Machine,s.program Program,to_char(logon_time, DD/MM/YYYY HH24:MI:SS) Logon Time,w.seconds_in_wait Idle Time, P.SPID PROC, name Stat CPU, value from v$session s, v$sess_io i, v$session_wait w, V$PROCESS P, v$statname n, v$sesstat t where s.sid = i.sid and s.sid = w.sid (+) and SQL*Net message from client = w.event(+) and s.osuser is not null and s.username is not null and s.paddr=p.addr and n.statistic# = t.statistic# and n.name like %cpu% and t.SID = s.sid order by 6 asc, 3 desc, 4 desc; 4)Describe the apps file system?(ROBERT BOSCH) Ans: Refer the below link for ORACLE 11i/12 filesystem: http://becomeappsdba.blogspot.com/2007/01/oracle-apps-r12-file-system-changes.html 5)How you tune your query?(COGNIZANT,ORACLE,SONY)

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Ans:Refer my previous post. In general: 1)Generate the execution plan with the help of tool like EXPLAIN PLAN,SQL_TRACE,DBMS_PROFILER 2)Gather the statistics 3)Check the joins and joins order in the query. 4)Check the where clause conditions 5)Check the index usage details 6)Use or guide developers for using various hints to alter the execution plans. 6) Where do we see concurrent manager log files? Ans: $cd $APPLCSF/$APPLLOG 7)How is clonning/Migration done?(YODLEE,SONY) Ans The below details by Burleson is quite helpful: database cloning procedure is especially useful for the DBA who wants to give his developers a full-sized TEST and DEV instance by cloning the PROD instance into the development server areas. This Oracle clone procedure can be use to quickly migrate a system from one UNIX server to another. It clones the Oracle database and this Oracle cloning procedures is often the fastest way to copy a Oracle database. STEP 1: On the old system, go into SQL*Plus, sign on as SYSDBA and issue: alter database backup controlfile to trace. This will put the create database syntax in the trace file directory. The trace keyword tells oracle to generate a script containing a create controlfile command and store it in the trace directory identified in the user_dump_dest parameter of the init.ora file. It will look something like this: STARTUP NOMOUNT CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "OLDLSQ" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG MAXLOGFILES 16 MAXLOGMEMBERS 2 MAXDATAFILES 240 MAXINSTANCES 1 MAXLOGHISTORY 113 LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u03/oradata/oldlsq/log1a.dbf', '/u03/oradata/olslsq/log1b.dbf') SIZE 30M, GROUP 2 ('/u04/oradata/oldlsq/log2a.dbf', '/u04/oradata/oldlsq/log2b.dbf') SIZE 30M DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/oldlsq/system01.dbf',

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'/u01/oradata/oldlsq/mydatabase.dbf' ; # Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored # backups, or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate. RECOVER DATABASE # Database can now be opened normally. ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

STEP 2: Shutdown the old database STEP 3: Copy all data files into the new directories on the new server. You may change the file names if you want, but you must edit the controlfile to reflect the new data files names on the new server. rcp /u01/oradata/oldlsq/* newhost:/u01/oradata/newlsq rcp /u01/oradata/oldlsq/* newhost:/u01/oradata/newlsq rcp /u03/oradata/oldlsq/* newhost:/u03/oradata/newlsq rcp /u04/oradata/oldlsq/* newhost:/u04/oradata/newlsq STEP 4: Copy and Edit the Control file Using the output syntax from STEP 1, modify the controlfile creation script by changing the following: Old: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "OLDLSQ" NORESETLOGS New: CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "NEWLSQ" RESETLOGS STEP 5: Remove the recover database and alter database open syntax # Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored # backups, or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate. RECOVER DATABASE # Database can now be opened normally. ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

STEP 6: Re-names of the data files names that have changed. Save as db_create_controlfile.sql. Old:

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DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/oldlsq/system01.dbf', '/u01/oradata/oldlsq/mydatabase.dbf' New: DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/newlsq/system01.dbf', '/u01/oradata/newlsq/mydatabase.dbf' STEP 7: Create the bdump, udump and cdump directories cd $DBA/admin mkdir newlsq cd newlsq mkdir bdump mkdir udump mkdir cdump mkdir pfile

STEP 8: Copy-over the old init.ora file rcp $DBA/admin/olslsq/pfile/*.ora newhost:/u01/oracle/admin/newlsq/pfile STEP 9: Start the new database @db_create_controlfile.sql STEP 10: Place the new database in archivelog mode

Oracle Apps DBA - Interview Questions

Oracle Apps DBA - Interview Questions 1. what is the utility to change the password of a dba schema in oracle apps? Ans: FNDCPASS 2. what are mandatory users in oracle apps? Ans: applsys,applsyspub,apps 3. What simplay a oracle Architechture? Ans: Desktop Tier, Application Tier, Database Tier 4. What are the components in the Application Tier?

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Ans: Apache(http) Jserver(jre) Forms Server(f60srv) Metric Server(d2ls) Metric Client(d2lc) Report Server(rwm60) Concurrent Server(FNDLIBR) Discoverer 5.What are main file systems in Oracle Apps? Ans: APPL_TOP, COMMON_TOP, DB_TOP,ORA_TOP 6. What are there in Desktop Tier? Ans: Internet Browser, JInitiator 7. What is the location of JInitiator in the Desktop Tier? Ans: c:\program files\oracle\Jinitiator 8. What is the location of client cache? Ans: c:\documents and settngs\user\oracle jar Cache 9. What is the location of Server cache? Ans: $COMMON_TOP/_pages 10. Which package will be used for the user validation by plsql agent? Ans: oraclemypage 11. What are adadmin utilities? and Its location? $AD_TOP/bin Ans: 1.adadmin 2.adpatch 3.adsplice 4.adident 5.adrelink 6.adlicmgr 12.What are the location of JaVA Files? Ans: JAVA_TOP and all PRODUCT_TOP/Java/Jar 13. What is the name of the xml file of Apps and its location? Ans: Context Name.xml and $APPL_TOP/admin 14. what is the location of Apps environment file? and its name? Ans: contextname.env and $APPL_TOP

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15. In how many way Jar files are generated? Ans: Normal and Force 16. Once Jar files are generated what files get effected? Ans: All Product_top/java/jar files and Two files in JAVA_TOP they are appsborg.zip appsborg2.zip 17. How do you see the files in zip file? Ans: unzip -v 18.How do you generate jar files? Ans: Using adadmin and option 5 19. How do you start the apps services? Ans: $COMMON_TOP\admin\scripts\Contextname\adstrtal.sh apps/appspwd 20. What is the executable to generate jar files? Ans: adjava 21. How do you relink a executable of a product Ans: by relinking option in adadmin or adrelink 22. How do you relink AD product executable? and usage? Ans: adrelink.sh and adrelink.sh force=y "ad adsplice" 23.When do you relinking? Ans: 1. when you miss a executable file 2. When there is a problem with any executable file 3. When any product executable get currupted 24. What is DAD? Ans: It is a file which stores apps passwords in hard coded format. i.e wdbsvr 25.How do you relink OS files and libraries? Ans: using make command 26.What is compile scheman option in adadmin? Ans: This option is used to compile/resolve the invalid objects 27. Where do you get the info about invalid objects? Ans: from dba_objects where status=invalid 28.How do you compile an obect ? Ans: alter object_ type objet _name compile. Eg: alter table fnd_nodes compile 29.How do you see the errors of a table or view?

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Ans: select text from dba_errors where name='emp_view' 30. How do you see the errors in the db? Ans: show error 31. How do you compile a schema? Ans: using utlrp.sql (location is ?/rdbms/admin/) or going adadmin, compile schema option 32. How do you know how many invalid objects are in specific schema? Ans: select count(*) from dba_objects where status='INVALID' group by owner; 34. How do you know the package version? Ans: select text from dba_source where name='package name' and type='PACKAGE BODY' and rownum<10>/rdbms/admin) 35. How do you load java class to database? Ans: loadjava 36. What are restart files? and its location? Ans: These files contains the previouse session info about adadmin.. location is $APPL_TOP\admin\sid\restart\*.rf9 37.How do you validate apps schema? Ans: To validate synonyms, missing sysnonyms and all grant. You can do it in adadmin. after validating it iwll produce a report in the location $APPL_TOP\admin\sid\out\*.out 38. How do you enable maintainance mode? Ans: using adadmin or running a script called "adsetmmd.sql ENABLE/DISABLE" (AD_TOP/patch/115/sql) 39.What is APPS_MRC Schema? Ans: It is used for multi language support. To synchronize APPs schema and APPS_MRC 40. How to see the version of a script or form or report or etc? Ans: grep Header adsetmmd.sql or adident Header adsetmmd.sql strings -a GLXSTEA.fmx grep Header or adident Header GLXSTEA.fmx 41.What is the location of adadmin log? Ans: $APPL_TOP\admin\sid\log 42. What are the oracle homes in Apps? Ans: 8.0.6ORACLE_HOME(Dev 6i products) and IAS_ORACLE_HOME (Apache) 43. How do you configure you ipaddress at client side? and server side?

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Ans: c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts and \etc\host 44. What is the location of Datbase server related scripts? Ans: $ORACLE_HOME\appsutil\scripts\contextname 45. what is the utility to clean the concurrent manager? Ans: @cmclean.sql ( You have download from metalink) 46. How do you stage the 11.5.10 Apps software? Ans: using adautostg.pl 47. What is the location of the source files of forms? Ans: AU_TOP/forms/US/ 48. What is the executable to generate forms? Ans: f60gen

Best regards,