HUMAN SECURITY

Presentation By Group 2 MAPSS Bicol University 15 June 2012

Scope of Presentation
Origins of Human Security Definition of Human Security Concept of Traditional Security Concept of Human Security Critism of Human Security Conclusion

Origins of Human Security

Product of convergence factors at the end of Cold War Challenged the dominance of traditional security Failure to address complex threats Exponential rise of democratization and human rights

Exponential rise of democratization and human rights

Definition of Human Security

People Centered Multi-Dimensional Interconnected Universal

Concept of Traditional Security

Traditional vs Human Security

Type of security

Referent

Responsibility

Threats Interstate war, nuclear proliferation, revolution, civil conflict

Traditional

The state

Integrity of the state

Human

The individual

Integrity of the individual

Disease, poverty, natural disaster, violence, landmines, human rights abuses

Concept of Traditional Security

Traditional Security Human Security
Traditional security policies are designed to promote Human security is people-centered. Its focus shifts to demands ascribed to the state. Other interests are protecting individuals. The important dimensions are to entail Referent subordinated to those of the state. Traditional security the well-being of individuals and respond to ordinary protects a state's boundaries, people, institutions and people's needs in dealing with sources of threats. values. Traditional security seeks to defend states from external aggression explained that state security is about a state's ability to deter or defeat an attack. It makes uses of deterrence strategies to maintain the integrity of the state and protect the territory from external threats.(military posture)

Scope

In addition to protecting the state from external aggression, human security would expand the scope of protection to include a broader range of threats, including environmental pollution, infectious ,economic deprivation.

The state is the sole actor, to ensure its own survival. Decision making power is centralized in the government, The realization of human security involves not only and the execution of strategies rarely involves the public. governments, but a broader participation of different Actor(s) Traditional security assumes that a sovereign state is actors, viz. regional and international organizations, nonoperating in an anarchical international environment, in governmental organizations and local communities. which there is no world governing body to enforce international rules of conduct.

Means

Traditional security relies upon building up national power Human security not only protects, but also empowers people and military defense. The common forms it takes are and societies as a means of security. People contribute by armament races, alliances, strategic boundaries etc. identifying and implementing solutions to insecurity.

Concept of Traditional Security

Theoretical Approaches

Realism
Classical realism Neorealism

Liberalism
Economic Liberalism Liberal Institutionalism

Constructivism

Concept of Traditional Security

Realist and liberal security systems
Theoretical base Structure of the international system Conceptions of security Basic principles Realist (alliance) Material; static; anarchic; selfhelp system Accumulation of power Military deterrence; control of allies Military realm only Strategic relevance Reflects distribution of power; most likely hegemonic Liberal (community of law) Social; dynamic; governance without government Integration Democratization; conflict resolution; rule of Law Multiple issue areas Democratic system of rule Symmetrical; high degree of interdependence

Strategies
Institutional features Functional scope Criterion for membership Internal power structure Decision-making Relation of system to its environment

Will of dominant power prevails Democratically legitimized Dissociated; perception of threat Serves as an attractive model; open for association

Concept of Traditional Security

Theoretical Approaches

Realism
Classical realism Neorealism

Liberalism
Economic Liberalism Liberal Institutionalism

Constructivism

Concept of Human Security

UNDPs Seven Threat Areas Freedom from Fear Freedom from Want Relationship with development Relationship with human rights Relationship with non-governmental organizations Gender and human security Relationship with Humanitarian Action

Concept of Human Security

UNDPs Threat Areas
Economic Security Food Security Health Security Environmental Security Personal Security Community Security Political Security

Concept of Human Security

Components of human security as per the HDR 1994 report[33]

Type of security
Economic security Food security

Definition
An assured basic income

Threats
Poverty, unemployment, indebtedness, lack of income

Physical and economic Hunger, famines and the lack of physical and economic access to access to basic food basic food Protection from Inadequate health care, new and recurrent diseases including diseases and unhealthy epidemics and pandemics, poor nutrition and unsafe environment, lifestyles unsafe lifestyles Healthy physical environment Environmental degradation, natural disasters, pollution and resource depletion From the state (torture), other states (war), groups of people (ethnic tension), individuals or gangs (crime), industrial, workplace or traffic accidents From the group (oppressive practices), between groups (ethnic violence), from dominant groups (e.g. indigenous people vulnerability) Political or state repression, including torture, disappearance, human rights violations, detention and imprisonment

Health security

Environmental security

Security from physical Personal security violence

Community security

Safe membership in a group

Living in a society that Political security honors basic human rights

Concept of Human Security

UNDPs Seven Threat Areas Freedom from Fear Freedom from Want Relationship with traditional security Relationship with development Relationship with human rights Relationship with non-governmental organizations Gender and human security Relationship with Humanitarian Action

Critism of Human Security

Too broad No definite boundaries Policy Formulation is Difficult Failure of UN in fulfilling their task

Conclusion
Todays threats are becoming more and more complex, interrelated, and transnational. Traditional national security approaches alone is limited. Community-driven approaches is the core element of human security.

END OF PRESENTATION
THANK YOU AND GOOD DAY