Smartcard security system with IR based intruder alarm

BY: Snigdharani Sethi

INTRODUCTION

Security is main requirement in our day to day life. So our project is based on solving

the security problem.

SMART CARD SECURITY SYSTEM & INTRUDER ALARM can be useful in this case. In first stage here we make automatic alarm as intruder passes through a IR barrier without any acknowledgement.

In next stage, it uses a CARD for locking and unlocking and can store the code for years. The machine can be used to switch on or off the locking arrangement. One of the important part of the model is intruder alarm.

Continue

Intruder alarm is invisible in nature. It uses invisible IR light to detect intruder. One of the system is IR transmitter another is a IR receiver. IR transmitter transmits IR signal towards IR receiver.

When some one passes through the light barrier, the light falling upon the IR sensor will obstruct.

Then it will wait for reset switch otherwise it will ON the buzzer. The main advantage of the project is that it can not be visible to a intruder. Receiver and the transmitter can be placed in invisible place. Normal day light cannot affect the operation .

FEATURES

Microcontroller based design Ir barrier is used for detection of intruder in fisrt stage A alarm system is fitted to indicate intruder. Smart card using secret code for locking & unlocking the lock User can change secret code as security point of view. The system is so designed that it can operate with password given by the user and also smart card.

Code stays for 200 years without any power. It generates a switching signal for the magnetic arrangement for lock. Can be operated in battery.

Intruder Alarm
Block Diagram :-

Description of the block diagram

Transmitter section It is a IR led that can emit IR light. Receiver section -This section contains an IR sensor. IR sensor is a device which generates output voltage when an IR light falls on it.

Comparator - It converts the analog signal out of the sensor into a digital output.

Microcontroller section - It is the main section which controls the buzzer as well as sensor
input. Sensor input is taken and timer is activated for 15 seconds to make the buzzer ON. Reset switch input is judged by it. When reset switch is pressed the buzzer is immediately made off. The program loaded in the memory is responsible for all necessary functions.

Regulator power supply It contains a step down transformer which reduces the 230v Ac supply into 12v AC. Then it is rectified by a full wave rectifier using two diodes. Then it is smoothen by a filter capacitor. Then it is regulated by a regulator of +5V. This will help to make constant out instead of input AC voltage variation.

Circuit diagram

Circuit diagram description

IR led emits light straight. It follows all the theories of light like reflection &

refraction.
IR light falls on the IR transistor, it starts to switch ON.

Optical coupling between a LED & a transistor.

When a person enters into barrier it totally blocks the light flow therefore

making a large change in output signal.

This signal is to be fed to logic device but before that the signal must be

made 1/0. So an OPAMP is used as a comparator to make it possible.

So that according to the output of comparator the microcontroller works

Microcontroller section
Microcontroller PIC16C54

Description

When Pin-17 get output high from comparator then then oscillator will

provide a frequency for which the timer will be turned on for 15 seconds

If in between that if the reset switch is not pressed then after finishing of the time period of 15 seconds the buzzer will be turned on .

This shows that an unkown has entered to that place

After switching on the reset button the voltage of 5 volt wiil go through the

short ckt to the ground and no buzzer will occour.

Description

The smart card contains nothing but a memory only. This smart card is programmable only and so it contains a electrically erasable PROM. This can be programmed to contain some data.

Keyboard contains nine switches and they all used for entry of password. They all are connected in

atypical fashion. It generates ten-line signal.

Microcontroller section contains a mircocontroller which is the heart of this project. This section gathers 4bit data from keyboard section and from smart card and then compare them. If both matches it commands for switch on at it tripping device.

Switching section contains a tripping device and a driver transistor. This section switches on the locking device to lock or unlock.

Power supply is most essential part of this project as provide DC power from mains. So also the output +5 V is regulated there fore it is more safe for digital ICs.

Circuit diagram
Microcontroller PIC16F873

Description
+5v supply is connected to the pull-up registers. when write button is pressed all the pull-up registers goes to ground. A 5-digit password is written. This password IS then locked which is send to

the EEPROM.The EEPROM store it.

Again when the lock button is pressed and the password is enterd on the

keyboard,the EEPROM send an acknowledgement.

if password from the keyboard pressed and eprom is matchedthen pin 7 in

microcontroller goes low.the pole shits to n/c. The solenoid is off and is unlocked.
if password is unmatched then pin 7 in microcontroller goes high,trasister is

on.The lock is remain closed

EEPROM
Single supply with operation

down to 2.5V
1 mA active current typical -10

A standby current typical at 5.5V

Schmitt trigger inputs for noise

suppression

Data retention > 200 years

Power Supply

Circuit diagram

Circuit description

Power supply is important part for operation of the microcontroller.

Microcontroller operate at +5 volt and also for other digital IC and for displays.
A 220V AC to 12-0- 12 v transformer is used and for rectification two diodes

1N4007 are connected for rectification of the step down AC supply.

Filter capacitor of 1000F is used for smoothening. Then it is regulated to +5V using a regulator 7805. 0.1 F capacitor is used for filtration of high frequency noise . LED is given for power on indication.

7805 ( +5v Voltage Regulator)

Features
Output Current up to 1A

Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V

Thermal Overload Protection

Short Circuit Protection Output Transistor Safe Operating

Area Protection

Electromechanical Relay :-

The relay will trip whenever it will receive a 12v. The contact point is always set between two contact points C1 & C2. The one side of

the plastic is always attached by a spring S with iron frame.

Electromagnetic force is produced by the magnetic flux which is produced by the

operating quantity.
The electromagnetic force exerted on the moving element, is proportional to the

square of the flux in the air gap or the square of the current.

Circuit Diagram
Relay

Description of relay working

Block diagram
Pin-7 high 1 Transistor on 2 Coil magnetized 3

Pole shifts to n/o

12v supply available to solenoid

Solenoid magnetised

Lock iron attenuated door

Door will be remain locked

CONSTRUCTION

There must not be dry soldering. Otherwise it will have resistance in the circuit. Transformer must be taken is 12-0-12V and the out put is regulated therefore the

output will not come down to +5 voltage, and it will prevent any voltage fluctuation.
The output is connected to a relay for switching.

Applications
As in high security regions a special security code is given to special people

for the unlocking the doors.

It has application fields in like

1. scientific installation where more secret valuable scientific

data, formulae are stored 2.Defense area where important ammunition is stored 3.Industrial applications like preventing machine operation from unauthorized worker

CONCLUSION

It has tremendous application field. It has no fear of loss of key, copying of key or forcibly taking away the key. Here we are checking a person is authorized or not using a intruder alarm. If the person is unauthorized then he is captured automatically due to timer facility. But one can change password per his wish no limit nothing. There is another greater advantage of this system. As we can card as well as and entering pass word though a keyboard. If anybody get the smart card he can not give the password to be entered at keyboard. Therefore only one process can not open the lock. So also the unlocking facility is can be given to many persons at a

time.