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RESEARCH METHODS

LECTURE 1 Click to edit Master subtitle style

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RESEARCH

Careful, critical, disciplined inquiry, varying in technique and method according to nature and conditions of the problem identified, directed towards the clarification or resolution (or both) of problem ( Good, Carter V., 1972) The systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic or problem (Aquino, Gaudencio V., 7/30/12

RESEARCH

The process of gathering data or information to solve a particular of specific problem in a scientific manner (Bienvenido Manuel and Paz C. Medel, 1976) A systematic study or investigation of something for the purpose of answering questions posed by the researcher ( cited by quoted by Custodia A. Sanchez from Cristina P. 7/30/12

PURPOSES OF RESEARCH

PRESERVATION and IMPROVEMENT of the quality of human life Other purposes Discover new facts about known phenomenon. Find answers to problems which are only partially solved by existing methods and information

1.

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PURPOSES OF RESEARCH
3. Improve existing techniques and develop new instruments or products. 4. To discover previously unrecognized of substances or elements.-ex. periodic table 5. Discover pathways of action of known substances and elements. 6. To order related, valid generalization 7/30/12 into systematized science.-ex. a

PURPOSES OF RESEARCH
7. To provide basis for decision-making in business, industry, education, government, and in other undertakings. 8. To satisfy the researchers curiosity. 9. To find answers to queries by means of scientific methods.
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To acquire a better and deeper understanding about one 7/30/12 phenomenon that can be known and

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH


1.

Research is an original work


-Gathers new knowledge or data from primary or first hand sources -emphasizes upon the discovery of general principles

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Research is systematic.
-orderly and sequential manner

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Research is empirical
procedures employed and the data

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CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH


4. Research is analytical . -there is a critical analysis of data used so there is no error in their interpretation. 5. Research is objective, unbiased, and logical -all the findings and conclusions are logically based on empirical data and no effort is made to alter the 7/30/12 results of the research.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH


6.

Employs hypothesis
-hypothesis guides the investigation process -Objective or subproblems to be solved

7. Employs quantitative or statistical methods -data are transformed into numerical measures and are treated statistically to determine their 7/30/12 significance or usefulness.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH


8. Research is original work. 9. Research is done by an expert. 10. Research is accurate investigation, observation, and description.
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Research is patient and unhurried activity. Research requires an effort-making capacity. Research requires courage.

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13.

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Scientific Methods of Research


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Determining/recognizing the problem. Forming a hypotheses Doing a library research. Designing the study.
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2. 3. 4.

Deciding the methods of research to be used Study population

5.

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Developing the instruments for

Scientific Methods of Research


6. Collecting the data.
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Analyzing the data Determining the methods of collecting data such as interview, questionnaires, observation, etc.

7. Determining implications and conclusions for findings. 8. Making recommendations for further research.
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According to purpose
a)

KINDS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESEARCH

Predictive or Prognostic Research


-Has the purpose of determining the future operation of the variables under investigation with the aim of controlling or redirecting such for the better -purposes to give the result from one specific educational practice or pattern and seeks to establish a close statistical connection between characteristics of students and a prediction of educational outcome

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1.

According to purpose
b) Directive Research

KINDS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESEARCH

-determines what should be done based on the findings - to remedy an unsatisfactory condition, if there is any c) Illuminative research -concerned with the interaction of the components of the variable being 7/30/12investigated (ex. interaction of the

2. According to goal

KINDS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESEARCH

a) Basic or Pure research -done for the development of theories or principles -conducted for the intellectual pleasure or learning -mostly done in psychology and sociology b) Applied Research
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-the application of the results of pure

3. According to the levels of investigation


a) Exploratory Research

KINDS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESEARCH

-the researcher studies the variables pertinent to a specific situation b) Descriptive Research -the researcher studies the relationships of variables c) Experimental Research
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4. According to the type of Analysis


a)

KINDS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESEARCH

In Analytic Approach
-the researcher attempts to identify and isolate the components of the research situation

b) Holistic Approach -begins with the total situation, focusing attention on the system first and then on its internal relationships
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5. According to Scope

KINDS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESEARCH

-under this category is action research -done on a very limited scope to solve a particular problem which is not so big -almost problem-solving -in education, it is a firing-line or on the job type of problem-solving or research used by teachers, supervisors, and administrators to improve the quality of their decisions and actions 7/30/12

6. According to Choices of Answers to Problems


a)

KINDS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESEARCH

In evaluation research, all possible courses of action are specified and identified and the researcher tries to find the most advantageous.

b) In developmental research, the focus is on finding or developing a more suitable instrument or process than has 7/30/12 been available.

7. According to Statistical Content


a)

KINDS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESEARCH

Quantitative Research or Statistical Research is one in which inferential statistics are utilized to determine the results of the study

Inferential statistics such as correlation,chisquare, analysis of variance are used to test hypothesis This type includes comparison studies, cause-and-effect relationships, etc.

b) Non-quantitative 7/30/12

Research

8. According to Time Element/Major Research Methods


a)

KINDS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESEARCH

Historical Research what was

b) Descriptive Research-describe what is c) Experimental Research describes what will be

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