Walking Stick With Heart Attack Detection

ECE 445 Spring 2005 Project 28 Helen Kim Choon Lee

Introduction

Why did we choose this topic? Create an equipment to be used in everydays life for a medical purpose Obtain the basic idea from Wireless Heart Attack Detector with GPS of Fall 2004 Most heart attack results from coronary artery disease (the restriction of blood flow to the heart) and it causes instant death of person
----The Center for Disease Control

Why did we choose this topic? (continued)

Help senior citizens who have health hazardous moment most often Use a walking stick as the medium asking for medical help as well as the main unit of detection

Objective

Goals of Design: -The wireless heart attack detector captures abnormal heart beat signals. -The alert system on the walking stick warns the user to realize his health condition. -Bluetooth wireless emergency calling system calls for help at the moment of heart attack via mobile phone.

Objective (continued)

Benefits: Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal transmitted wirelessly from the wrist to the main unit on the stick. This avoids the inconvenience of the attachment of the stick to the wrists. Automatic wireless emergency calling system via Bluetooth module Warning mode giving the users a chance to avoid the fatal moment actively

Original Design Review

Obtain ECG waveform from both wrists. Transmit ECG waveform wirelessly from wrist to a receiver on the stick. Microcontroller on the stick will run a heart attack algorithm to detect possible heart attack. Microcontroller will make the users cell phone to call 911 if heart attack detected.
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Block Diagram
Electrodes

ECG Unit

Bluetooth Module (EB500)

A/D Converter

Javelin Stamp (microcontroller)

Transmitter

Receiver

Components and Functions

ECG Analog Circuitry to obtain analog ECG waveform from wrists Unity-Gain Buffer. As Impedance Transformer. Skin impedance is high and Op-Amps input impedance is infinity. Differential Amplifier. Taking the difference between two bio signals from both wrists and output the ECG waveform with desired gain.
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2.

Components and Functions

3. Bandpass Filter Lower Cutoff Frequency 0.9 Hz Upper Cutoff Frequency -105 Hz - This filter removes noise outside the frequency range of ECG waveform. - Without the filter, no recognizable ECG was obtained during testing.
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Components and Functions

PIC16F877 as A/D Converter and RS232 A/D Conversion Analog ECG signal will be digitized into 8 bits (0 127). RS232 -Parallel bits of ECG digital data will be translated into serial bits for transmission. -It is a standard for serial binary data interchange between a DTE (Data terminal equipment) and DCE (Data communication equipment)
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Components and Functions

HP-3 Transmitter 1. The RS232 output of PIC16F877 will be fed into the input of HP transmitter.

***All the above components, ECG analog circuitry, PIC16F877 and HP-3 Transmitter will be worn on a wrist.
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Schematics
C2 U1 0.01u V1 (EC in G put ) 3 2 + 6 R1 10k LM741C R4 1k R5 R2 10k R9 R11

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C3 R12 PI C16F 877 0.01u 1k 1 2 3 01 GN D 02 RF /ANT Out 03 CS 0 04 CS 1 05 CS 2 06 CT S 07 PD N 08 VC C 09 GN D/MO DE 10 An alog In 0V VDC 5V VDC 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 Size A Date: Title 1 14

LI NX H P-3 Tra nsmi tter

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ECG Ampl ifi er , Dig ital Sig nal Pr ocessor and Transmi tter ( Helen Kim, Choon Lee) Document Number < Doc> Thur sday, Apr il 28, 2005 Sheet 1 of 1 Rev < Rev Code>

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The following components will be installed on the walking stick.

1. HP-3 Receiver 2. Javelin Stamp microcontroller 3. EB500 Bluetooth Module

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Components and Functions

HP-3 Receiver

1. The receiver will receive digital ECG waveform from wrist. 2. The receiver will then feed the digital signal to Javelin microcontroller.
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Components and Functions

Javelin Stamp Microcontroller

1. Microcontroller will run an algorithm through the ECG data to detect heart attack symptoms.

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Components and Functions

2. Heart Attack Algorithm - Symptoms of Heart Attack Weak Amplitude, Irregular Heart Pulse and Widened QRS Pulse. - Checking Amplitude -A baseline is set up by averaging all the data points.
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Components and Functions

-Amplitude is considered weak if it is below 50% of the baseline. -Checking Irregular Heart Beat - normal pulse rate is between 35bpm and 200bpm - if pulse rate falls outside of this range, then heart attack symptom is detected.
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Components and Functions

-Checking Widened QRS Pulse - Normal pulse width should be less than 36ms.

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Components and Functions

Alert Level - The failure of each of the three symptoms will raise the alert level. -The threshold of the alert level is set to 10. -If threshold is surpassed, emergency call will be activated.
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Components and Functions

LEDs -Two LEDs will indicate the alert level. -First LED means low risk, which will be turned on for alert level between 4 and 6. -Second LED means high risk, for alert level between 7 and 9.
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Components and Functions

EB500 Bluetooth Module -Javelin Stamp will send some commands to EB500 to set up a connection between the bluetooth module and the cell phone. -Bluetooth communication is nothing than just a wireless serial cable after the connection is set up.
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Components and Functions

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AT commands -AT commands direct a phone to dial (D), answer (A) and hang up (H). -Every AT command starts with AT (Attention). This is the command line prefix.
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Components and Functions

-AT commands to make 911 call ATD911; \r ATD2173335257; \r (Calling lab)

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Schematics
PC Serial Port Microcontroller Javelin Stamp DSR 6 2 7 RTS 8 4 9 5 05 P0 06 P1 07 P2 08 P3 09 P4 10 LINX HP-3 Receiver 11 12 01 antenna 02 03 GND 04 GND 05 GND 06 GND 07 GND 08 GND 09 N/C 0 0 0 Channel Select 10 CS0 11 CS1 12 CS2 13 PDN 14 RSSI 15 GND/MODE 16 VCC 5V DC 17 Analog Out Digital output to Javelin 18 Digital Out LED Size A Date: VCC 33k Title < Title> Document Number < Doc> Thur sday, Apri l 28, 2005 Sheet 1 of 1 Rev < Rev Code> LED D3 Emergency Call Activated R3 33k D2 High Risk R2 LED 33k D1 Low-Risk R1 5V VDC RF Input/Anttena Input GND P6 P7 P9 13 P8 'Alert Level' to Microcontroller BasicX P5 P10 14 P11 15 20 Vin 19 P12 16 18 17 P13 17 16 15 P14 18 14 13 P15 19 12 GND 04 VSS VDD 20 3 DTR 03 ATN RES' 21 08 TX 02 Sin Vss 22 06 CTS RTS 07 Status 10 Mode Ctrl 11 09 1 RX 01 Sout Vin 23 04 TX RX 05 24 02 VSS VSS 03 9 V VCC Bluetooth Module EB500 01

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Functional Testing

A/D Testing by inputting a known voltage level and checking the corresponding digital value. 0.1V - 5 1.0V 50 2.0V 100 2.5V 125 8 bits can only go up to 127 The highest peak of ECG waveform from analog circuitry will be amplified to only 2.0V
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Functional Testing

Collecting ECG waveforms -ECG Samples of team members -Notice that the amplitude is between 127 and -127 for 8 bits A/D.

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More ECG Samples

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0 1 -50 18 35 52 69 86 103 120 137 154 171 188 205 222 239 256 273 290

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More ECG Samples

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Functional Testing
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Heart Attack Algorithm Testing One of the ECG samples shown was stored and was changed in terms of amplitude, rate and width. Javelin Stamp was modified to run with this modified data. Each of the three thresholds responded correspondingly.
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Functional Testing

Bluetooth Communication & Lab Call -The communication worked properly and the lab phone rang properly.

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Successes & Challenges

Challenges Before Successes - Each component has to be tested and debugged individually before they were combined together. - TTL logic signal of PIC were captured by scope to test the functionality.

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Successes & Challenges

- ECG waveforms were captured by Javelin Stamp to test the wireless communication between wrist and the stick. -Suitable bluetooth module was selected carefully by reading data sheets to check certain commands to make sure that it is connectable to a cell phone.

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Successes & Challenges

The notion of AT commands was obtained by surfing online technical forums. AT commands were given by somebody met at a technical forum.

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Test

Operation Temperature We chose the reasonable range of outer weather. Test Range: -25C to 50C inside freezer and by hair dryer Result: We could observe that the whole system behaved properly.

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Test (continued)

Transmitter / Receiver
For our design, we assume the user stays the range of area near to the stick.

Test range between wrist circuitry and the stick : ~40 ft The javelin still could capture the digital signal.

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Recommendations

Better biosensors that reduce noise when hands are moving. Better circuit design to reduce power consumption. Lighter material for the wrist circuitry and the main unit on the stick.

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