5.

15 TYPICAL AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

THE EFIS
The electronic flight instruments have the following advantage:
Versatile pilot can select the information Display as required, less clutter Reduce pilots workload.

EADI

THE EADI DISPLAY CAPABILITY

Pitch and Roll information Slip/ skid inclinometer. Speed and speed error Flight Director information Glide slope and localizer Warning and Status Message

DISPLAYED AS REQUIRED
Some of the display are not available all the time. It is displayed when in use. These are:
Radio altimeter Decision Height Marker Beacon Rising Runway Glide slope Vertical Nav

EHSI
Originate from magnetic compass The gyro was added to provide stability during turn. The name was changed to HSI with the added function of navigation and flight information. With glass cockpit, the name was changed to EHSI

EHSI DISPLAYED INFORMATION

Magnetic Heading Radio Steering Command Way Point, Nav Aids Distant to Go ILS steering command

EHSI

Electronic HSI

EICAS - Engine Indication and Crew Alert System ECAM - Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring

Engine Indication and Crew Alert

Boeing EICAS
Two Displays
Top Engine Parameters Bottom Blank

Airbus ECAM
Two Displays
Top Engine Parameters Pictorial Diagram

Fault Situation
Top - Fault message Bottom Fault parameters.

Fault Situation
Check list is provided System limitation is given

EICAS

Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor (ECAM)

The upper ECAM screen displays engine, flaps setting, fuel quantity and alert information. The lower ECAM displays the various systems parameters.

3. Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor (ECAM)

ECAM also known as MFD (Multifunction Display) ECAM monitors the overall aircraft systems, including its fuel, electrical and engine systems. Give the pilots warning when there is a malfunction. For example, if an engine begins to lose oil pressure, the ECAM might sound an alert, switch the display to the page with the oil system information and outline the low oil pressure data with a red box.

ECAM A320

ACARS
ARINC COMMUNICATION, ADDRESSING & REPORTING SYSTEM

A/C SYSTEMS

ACARS

VHF 3

AIRLINE COMPUTER SYSTEM

TRANSMISSION NETWORK

MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS

FLIGHT OPERATIONS

PASSENGER SERVICES
VHF TRANSMITTER/RECEIVER

PURPOSE
The ACARS is a digital data link for either ground-air or air-ground connections. The system reduces the flight crews workload because it transmits routine reports automatically and simplifies other reporting

Components
Management Units (MU) Multipurpose Interactive Display Units (MPIDU) Thermal Printer

MANAGEMENT UNIT (MU)

Collins IN FLT : 0123 0008 DFDAU FAIL SEND

VHF 3 ANTENNA

NUMERIC ENTRY 13 : 02 : 58
D A T A L I N K

1 4 7

2 5 8 0

3 6 9

CLR

RET

DEL

MULTIPURPOSE INTERACTIVE DISPLAY UNIT

MANAGEMENT UNIT

VHF 3 TX/RX

FLIGHT DATA ACQUISTION UNIT

THERMAL PRINTER

Management VHF3 Communication Respond to the request from ground and acquire data from FDAU.

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

ECAM
ELECTRONIC CENTRALIZED AIRCRAFT MONITORING

WARN
CAUT

WARN
CAUT

ECAM CONTROL PANEL

DMC 1

DMC 3

DMC 2

FWC 1

SDAC 1

SDAC 1

FWC 2

A/C SYSTEM SENSORS RED WARNINGS SYSTEM PAGES FLIGHT PHASE

A/C SYSTEM SENSORS AMBER WARNINGS SYSTEM PAGES

NAV & AFS SENSORS

FLIGHT WARNING COMPUTER (FWC)

2 FWCs acquire all data to generation the alert messages.

form the aircraft sensors (mostly Red) Through the SDACs for cautions from the aircraft systems (amber)

Generate codes for ECAM display units.

Procedures associated to failures. Status functions (aircraft and procedures). Memo function (reminder of functions/systems, which are temporarily used or items of normal checklist).

ECAM COMPONENTS
SYSTEM DATA ACQUISITION CONCENTRATORS (SDAC) DISPLAY MANAGEMENT COMPUTER (DMC)

Acquire cautions inputs and input to FWCs. Alert DMCs for display on ECAM

Inputs
SDAC Nav and AFS Sensors FWCs

Process inputs for display

Graphic Generate code

DISPLAY UNIT

4 MODES OF DISPLAY
Automatic
1. Flight Modes 2. Advisory 3. Failure Mode

4. Manual
Selection from 12 systems

AUTOMATIC FLIGHT PHASES

The flight phases are:
Preflight Take off Climb Cruize Descent Approach Post Landing

EXAMPLE OF AUTOMATIC ECAM DISPLAY

Pre Take Off Cruize

ECAM CONTROL PANEL

EFIS
With the introduction of fully integrated, computer-based navigation system, most electro/mechanical instrumentation has been replaced with TV type colour displays. The EFIS system provides the crew with two displays: Electronic Attitude Direction Indicator (EADI). Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator (EHSI). The EADI is often referred to as the Primary Flight Display (PFD) and the EHSI as the Navigation Display (ND). The EADI and EHSI are arranged either side by side, with the EADI positioned on the left, or vertically, with the EADI on the top.

 SYSTEM LAYOUT

As is the case with conventional flight director systems, a complete EFIS installation consists of two systems. The Captains EFIS on the left and the First Officers on the right. The EFIS comprises the following units: Symbol Generator (SG). Display units X 2 (EADI & EHSI). Control Panel. Remote Light Sensor

EFIS
Honeywell ATT 2 AOA F 20 10 20 10 G
FULL ARC WX GS TTG DIM TEST RASTER DIM DH ET MAP SC CP REV

GS

CRS

BOT

TOP

HDG

S CMD M .99 200DH

10 20

10 20 I RA DH 140

AIR DATA COMP

NAV
ADF 2 ADF 1 AUTO OFF

EFIS SG No 1
HDG
VOR 2

VLF

FMS

INS 1

INS 2

ATT

Honeywell CRS NAV 1

INERTIAL REF SYSTEM NAV AID ILS/VOR

VOR 1 ADF 2 ADF 1 OFF

345
+0
BRG
VOR 1

H 2.1NM

BRG

ADF 1

HDG

013

GSPD

130 KTS

EFIS SG No 3
RAD ALT
Honeywell

WEATHER RADAR DME

FULL ARC WX GS TTG DIM TEST RASTER DIM DH ET MAP SC CP REV

ATT 2 AOA F 20 10 20 10

GS

G S CMD M .99 200DH 10 20 10 20 RA DH 140

FMS AFCS GPWS

CRS

BOT

TOP

HDG

EFIS SG No 2
Honeywell
NAV
ADF 2 ADF 1 AUTO OFF

VLF

FMS

INS 1

INS 2

HDG
VOR 2

ATT

CRS

345
+0

H 2.1NM

NAV 1

VOR 1

BRG

BRG
ADF 1

HDG

VOR 1 ADF 2 ADF 1 OFF

013

GSPD

130 KTS

FULL ARC

WX

GS TTG

ET

MAP

SC CP

REV

DIM

DH

BOT

TOP

CRS
TEST

HDG

EFIS DISPLAY UNITS

Each display unit consists of the following modules:
Cathode Ray Tube. Video Monitor Card. Power Supply Unit. Digital Line Receivers. Analog Line Receivers. Convergence Card.

EADI Display the traditional ADI Pitch and Roll attitude information Altitudes and speed information. Early EFIS - (CRT) Later instrument (LCD)

EADI
In normal use, the EADI is coupled directly to the autopilot and the display is used by the pilot to monitor flight progress. Alternatively, steering and attitude (pitch and roll) demand bars help the pilot to fly manually. The EADI provide steering information to follow, for example: a manually input heading; a route input on the Flight Management System (FMS); a navigation beacon (VOR, ADF, etc.); an IRS (Inertial Reference System) track; or, an ILS localiser. and to: climb or descend to a level and maintain that level on reaching; follow an ILS glidepath; or, follow a Go-around procedure;

EHSI (Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator)

Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator (EHSI) The Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator (EHSI) replaces a number of different instruments found on a conventional aircraft, and may be used to depict some or all of the following information: heading flown; heading or track selected; bearing to or from a navigation beacon (VOR, DME); lateral deviation from a selected track; ground speed, distance and time to go; aeronautical map; weather information; plus much more information according to design

EHSI

Display According to the selected mode

EFIS

P183

FBW-Fly by Wire
Video to Introduce Fly By Wire. Keep Your Eye For. The Instruments Control Stick Flying characteristics

FBW Definition
COMMAND SIGNAL SIGNAL CONTROL MODULE FEEDBACK SIGNAL POSITION TRANSDUCER COMMAND SIGNAL SPEEDBRAKE LEVER PROCESSED COMMAND SIGNAL HYDRAULIC PRESSURE SPOILER PANEL POWER CONTROL ACTUATOR

POSITION TRANSDUCER

ELECTRICAL

HYDRO-MECHANICAL

The command from the pilot to move the control surfaces transmitted by electrical wires.

The electrical signals are generated, transmitted through computer to operate a servo.

FBW Example
COMMAND SIGNAL SIGNAL CONTROL MODULE FEEDBACK SIGNAL POSITION TRANSDUCER COMMAND SIGNAL SPEEDBRAKE LEVER PROCESSED COMMAND SIGNAL HYDRAULIC PRESSURE SPOILER PANEL POWER CONTROL ACTUATOR

POSITION TRANSDUCER

ELECTRICAL

HYDRO-MECHANICAL

For B767 FBW is used to control spoiler. The lateral signal given by the position transducer is processed by signal control module.

Which actuated the solenoid valve, operate the actuator and provide position feedback to the control module.

A320 SIDESTICK CONTROLLER

The sidestick