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2 NUMBERING SYSTEMS
DECIMAL SYSTEM
Composed of 10 numerals or symbols
Using these symbols as digits of a number, can
express any quantity.
Called the base-10 system because it has 10
digits.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
DECIMAL EXAMPLE
3.1410
53210
1082410
64900010
BINARY SYSTEM
There are only two symbols or possible digit
values, 0 and 1.
This base-2 system can be used to represent
any quantity that can be represented in
decimal or other base system
BINARY EXAMPLE
1110
1011110
1111011100
10000101111011
OCTAL SYSTEM
The octal number system has a base of eight
Eight possible digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
OCTAL EXAMPLE
Octal Example
5410
765421
1047664
4123170137
HEXADECIMAL SYSTEM
The hexadecimal system uses base 16.
It uses the digits 0 through 9 plus the letters A,
B, C, D, E, and F as the 16 digit symbols.
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
HEXADECIMAL EXAMPLE
BD
452EA
E451B2CD3
35412BABE
NUMBERING CONVERSION
OCTAL
DECIMAL
BINARY
HEXADECIMAL
21
2
22
4
23
8
24
16
25
32
26
64
27
28
29
128 256 512
2710 = 16+8+0+2+1
= 11011
18110 = 128+0+32+16+0+4+0+1
= 10110101
EG : 18110
181/2 = 90 balance 1
90/2 = 45 balance 0
45/2 = 22 balance 1
22/2 = 11 balance 0
11/2 = 5 balance 1
5/2 = 2 balance 1
2/2 = 1 balance 0
1/2 = 0 balance 1
Result : 18110=
101101012
Ex : 398510
3985/8 = 498 balance 1
498/8 = 62 balance 2
62/8 = 7 balance 6
7/8 = 0 balance 7
Result 398510 = 76218
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL
Ex : 37810
378/16 = 23 balance 10 = (A)
23/16 = 1 balance 7
1/16 = 0 balance 1
Result 37810 = 17A16
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL
Ex : 694210
6942/16 = 433 balance 14 = (E)
433/16 = 27 balance 1
27/16 = 1 balance 11 = (B)
1/16 = 0 balance 1
Result 37810 = 1B1E16
21
2
22
4
23
8
24
16
25
32
26
64
110112
= 24+23+02+21+20
= 16+8+0+2+1
= 2710
101101012
= 27+06+25+24+03+22+01+20
= 128+0+32+16+0+4+0+1
= 18110
27
28
29
128 256 512
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
Example:
100 111 0102 = (100) (111) (010)2 = 4 7 28
1 101 0102 = (001) (101) (010)2 = 1 5 28
BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
EXAMPLE :
101 11012 = (101) (1101)2 = 5 D16
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
Example:
4 7 28 = (100) (111) (010)2 = 100 111 0102
1 5 28 = (001) (101) (010)2 = 1 101 0102
HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
Example :
2E16 = 2(161) + 14 (160) = 4610
9BC316 = 9(163) + 11 (162) +12 (161) +3 (160) =
3987510
HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
NUMBERING CONVERSION
X/2
(+2 x )
BINARY
Table (div 4)
Table (div 4)
DECIMAL
Table (div 3)
Table (div 3 )
OCTAL
HEXADECIMAL
CONVERSION VALUE
Binary - Hexa
Power 2
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
210
1
2
4
8
16
32
64
128
256
512
1024
Power 8
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
1
8
64
512
4096
32768
262144
2097152
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
Binary - Octal
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111