5.

3 DATA CONVERSION

SYLLABUS
5.3 Data Conversion L1 Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types

DEFINING ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL DATA

Analogue
Most real life data are analogue It can have variable value and can fit into any readings.
E.g students height , 165cm, 155cn, 177cm .. Etc

Discrete
Digital signal in any of the given state, example either 0 or 1. It cannot have any reading in between.

EXAMPLES OF DATA CONVERTION

Digital to Analogue
Like CD data to speakers inputs

Analogue to Digital
Microphone outputs to digital for storage in CD.

Accuracy and Conversion

In the analogue to digital converter, there are two important features:
Accuracy measure of how close the figure to true value. Example 1% accuracy means, for 100v, the reading can range between 99v to 101v. Resolution respond to the changes in value. A resolution of 100mv, will enable to digital output to 0.1 volt

ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL
+VE
8 7
ANALOGUE SIGNAL

VREF

6 5 4 3 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1

+
VIN

VOUT

3 BIT WORD

As many as the bits

DIGITAL SIGNAL

Thus the more bits available the greater the resolution for a given range of analogue signal input. It can be seen from the above that an ADC using an n-bit word would have a resolution of one part in 2n

The output of the comparator will be logic 0 when the reference voltage is greater than the analogue input, It will be logic 1 when the analogue voltage is greater than the reference voltage.

ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL

DIGITAL TO ANALOGUE CONVERTER

16
ANALOGUE O/P SIGNAL

14
12 10

8 6
4 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0

Note that the discrete nature of the graph. The Digital Signal need the circuit to convert to analogue.

0 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

DIGITAL I/P SIGNAL

DAC Converter

MSB
4 B I T W O R D 2R R

V OUT
4R

LSB

8R