RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION DEVICES (RFID) Sharanjit Singh, 04EC56

OUTLINE
Auto Identification Introduction to RFID System Configuration Working Principle Types of Tag and Readers Operating Frequency Applications Issues, Advantages and Disadvantages References

Auto Identification
Technologies or Method used for : Automatically identify the object Collect Data about them Enter data to controller/PC Bar codes, Smart cards, Voice recognition, Biometric technologies (retinal scans), RFID and Optical character recognition (OCR)

What is RFID ?
Auto ID method that makes use of RADIO waves to retrieve data from the person/object The chip on the object/person transmit data through the antenna Reader converts the received signal to digital information back

System Configuration

Working Principle
The two principle used are 1) Inductive coupling 2) Backscatter coupling

Inductively Coupled RFID system

Coupling b/w reader and Tags coil Passive Tags (Range is less) Load Modulation

Backscattering RFID system

Power T/x by Reader provide the turn-on Reflection (backscattering ) characteristics controlled by Load resistor

RFID Tag and its type

Passive Tags Active Tags Semi-Passive Tags

Passive Tags
No Battery Gets needed power using RF from Reader High Signal Strength needed Up to 3-5 m, very less Max 128 bytes storage (WORM) Simple to design ,So Cheap

Active Tags
Internal Power Source More Reliable (can have a Session ) Works Equally well with weak Signal Can work in RF challenged environment Range up to 500m and 128-256(R/w) memory Bigger and expensive

Semi-passive Tags
On-board battery, but cannot initiate communication To Broadcast Signal ,RF energy of Reader reflected back Greater Sensitivity than passive Longer Battery Life than Active Can perform active functions under its own power and thus act as sensor

Reader
Transmit and Receive RF signals Contain a control unit to execute commands Incorporate an interface to transfer data Receives commands from a Host computer Tree Walking Singulation Used Dumb and Smart Readers

Operating Frequency
Makes use of ISM frequency ranges

APPLICATIONS
Retail
Point of Sales

APPLICATIONS
RETAIL
Customer Management Security Checking un-authorized movement Stock Verification Out-of-Stock situation

APPLICATIONS
Library

APPLICATIONS
Two- way communication with devices

APPLICATIONS
Safety in Mines E-Passports Livestock Transportation Payments Lap Scoring Human Implants (for Authentication )

ADVANTAGES
No line of sight needed More data holding capability than just a unique product code. Contact less and not so orientation sensitive Data integrity Security against theft, shop lifting Can be used in hostile environments

Disadvantages
More expensive than a printed barcode No uniform standard between different countries and company Consumer Privacy System can be easily jammed and spoofed Tag collision Reader Collision

References
RFID Study guide by PAUL Sanghera http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID http://www.rfid-handbook.de/rfid/ http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid http://www.rfid-weblog.com/ www.rfid-library.com

THANK YOU