Tortured Confessions:

Pre-psychotic Intoxication Syndrome (PpIS) and The Validation of The Adrenochrome Hypothesis Bradford S. Weeks, M.D. www.weeksmd.com
2007

The Biochemistry of the Tortured Confession

Tortured vs. Psychotic

Disclaimer
I am for using scientific rationale to lessen human suffering.
making me against torture and for real scientists like Abram Hoffer, M.D., Ph.D.

THESIS 1) Torture, to the breaking point, is unreasonable due to the fact that its confessions are pre-psychotic utterances extracted under the influence of the endogenous hallucinogen, adrenochrome, and for that reason are unreliable and devoid of value; 2) Enticements of rewards and win-win negotiations are the optimal methodology for conflict resolution.

Definition of the Problem

Torture does not produce reliable information.
Torture is inhuman - all parties suffer.

Torture is the official policy of the USA contrary to domestic laws and international treaties.

Note: to self:
Make an attempt to warm up the crowd and establish rapport by starting the lecture with a humorous anecdote or joke about torture.

..

I cant think of anything funny on that topic

Psychosis and Torture

a review of the scientific and clinical literature.

The Wisdom of the Colloquial

You are driving me crazy.

I am beside myself.
You push me to the breaking point.

The power of words

By naming things we have dominion over them

Consider the varied clinical (and financial implications!) of these two terms:

nervous breakdown vs. psychotic illness

What is a nervous breakdown?

a temporary state of incapacitation due to excessive stress coupled with inadequate coping ability.

A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett

pub. 1963 (author of The Secret Garden) page 146

Carmichael, he said. I must find her If she is alive, she is somewhere. If she is friendless and penniless, it is through my fault. How is a man to get back his nerve with a thing like that on his mind?

No, no said Carmichael. Try to be calm. Console yourself with the fact that when she is found you have a fortune to hand over to her.

The good-hearted father of the Large Family put his hand on his shoulder comfortingly. You ran away because your brain had given way under the strain of mental torture, he said. You were half delirious already. If you had not been you would have stayed and fought it out. You were in a hospital, strapped down in bed, raving with brain fever, two days after you left the place. Remember that.

Carrisford dropped his forehead in his hands. Good God! Yes! he said. I was driven mad with dread and horror, I had not slept for weeks. The night I staggered out of my house all the air seemed full of hideous things mocking and mouthing at me.

from

The Medical Record,

Dec 8th 1917

During my several years experience in the sanatorium with 1100 patients. Tuberculosis may be considered as an aetiological factor in the production of a psychosis in so far it acts as an additional difficulty in the life of an individual who is at the breaking point, successful adjustment to his environment depended upon a fine balance, and the knowledge that he was suffering from tuberculosis was sufficient to turn the scales resulting to complete inability of adjustment and hence a psychosis.
In no sense must we consider tuberculosis as an etiological factor in the production of a psychosis because of the Tuberculosis toxemia.

We all have a breaking point. But What is a breaking point bio-chemically speaking?

Dr. Abram Hoffers Adrenochrome Theory offers the best explanation of this biochemical breaking point see appendix for numerous related publications Hoffer, Osmond, Smythies et al 1951

Well, you dont say!!

A Brief History of the

(greatly tortured and much maligned)

Adrenochrome Hypothesis

In 1884, J.W.L. Thudichum, who is regarded by many as the father of modern neurochemistry, published a book on brain chemistry in which he advanced the hypothesis that "many forms of insanity" are caused by "poisons fermented within the body," that is, toxic substances produced or delivered to the brain by a faulty metabolism. He also suggested that these unknown processes would become quite obvious when we acquired a better understanding of the biochemistry of the brain.
Stone from http://www.vitamincfoundation.org/stone/index.html

Review of the literature shows. that adrenochrome and its derivatives have important biochemical and physiological properties, entirely different from those of adrenaline, and deserve further study.
The Metabolism of Adrenalin Z. M. Bacq Pharmacological Reviews, Vol 1, 1-26, 1949

Oxidation of adrenalin to quinone adrenochrome is

facilitated by copper, mercury, heavy metals, alkaline pH, uv light Inhibited by reducing agents: ascorbic acid (Verly, W. Arch Int. Physiology 1948), glutathione (Welach, Am J Physiology 1934), cysteine (Verly, W. Arch Int. Physiology 1948) dimercaptopropanol (BAL), (Bacq, Z Arch Int. Physiology 1948) amino acids, (Auderhalden, Pflugers Archives 1924) phenyols (Bacq, Z Arch Int. Physiology 1936) thyroxin (DeCaro,L Zeit Physio Chem 1933)

from The Metabolism of Adrenalin Z.M. Bacq, Liege Belgium

In the case of schizophrenia, a brilliant series of research papers, started in the early 1950s by A. Hoffer, H. Osmond, and their coworkers has brought much light into this are and has been a major factor in confirming Thudichum's insight. It has also served to return the biochemistry of the body to psychiatry after a long attempt to exile it in favor of culture and psyche. This research was based on a hypothesis which resulted from two simple observations:
(Stone from http://www.vitamincfoundation.org/stone/index.html

1. There is chemical similarity between adrenalin, the normal secretion of the adrenal gland, and mescaline, a hallucinatory drug. 2. The psychological effects of mescaline on humans in many ways resemble the symptoms of acute schizophrenia. The faulty metabolism of adrenalin in the body of a schizophrenic, possibly due to a genetic defect, could lead to an adrenalin metabolite with psychological properties resembling those of mescaline, but much more potent. If such a substance were made in the body, then clinical schizophrenia would result.
(Stone from http://www.vitamincfoundation.org/stone/index.html

It was suggested that the faulty metabolism of adrenalin led to an increased production of adrenochrome, which they showed was an hallucinogen. Their hypothesis suggested that the adrenochrome was partially responsible for the changes produced in schizophrenia, and it would follow that any method for decreasing adrenochrome production from adrenalin would be therapeutic for schizophrenia. This was attempted by using massive doses of the vitamin, niacin, to reduce the formation of the precursor, adrenalin, from noradrenalin.
(Stone from http://www.vitamincfoundation.org/stone/index.html

The Stories Around the Adrenochrome Hypothesis 1938 Green and Richter demonstrate that cytochrome oxidase can convert epinepherine to adrenochrome. 1951 Hoffer, Osmond, Smythies et al begin lifelong collaboration 1958 Hoffer reports presence of adrenochrome in human plasma, 1958 Szara fails to confirm Hoffers finding Julius Axelrod acts like a modern scientist, collaborates with Seymore Kety to get the Nobel prize. 1951- present Hoffers patients continue to get well and pay taxes and continues to publish papers which are ignored
See http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/archive_list/index.shtml
for listing of JOM articles 1967-present!

New generations of orthomolecular psychiatrists carry on the politically and economically incorrect work of offering patients safe, effective, and cost effective care.

The Adrenochrome Hypothesis: Scientific Support

VanderKamp (6), in 1966, found that schizophrenics metabolized ascorbic acid at rate 10 times that of a control group. He gave 6 to 8 grams of ascorbic acid every 4 hours to a group of ten schizophrenics, or a total of 36 to 48 grams of ascorbic acid a day.

All ten of the patients showed definite clinical improvement.

(Stone from http://www.vitamincfoundation.org/stone/index.html

The adrenochrome hypothesis of schizophrenia revisited.

Neurotox Res. 2002 Mar;4(2):147-50

Prof. John Smythies, M.D.

Abstract: This paper reviews the current status of the adrenochrome theory of schizophrenia. An account is first given of all the experiments in which adrenochrome was reported to induce psychotomimetic effects in normal volunteers. Then the evidence is presented that adrenochrome may actually occur in the brain as a metabolite of adrenaline in the C2 group of adrenergic neurons in the medulla, together with an account of current ideas of the function of these neurons in higher limbic functions.

Lastly the recent evidence is reviewed that the gene for the enzyme glutathione S-transferase is defective in schizophrenia. This enzyme detoxifies adrenochrome.

Glutathione S-transferase M1 gene deletion may be associated with susceptibility to certain forms of schizophrenia.
Harada, S, et al Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Feb 23;281(2):267-71.

Recent studies have revealed that GSTM1 and M2 of the mu-class glutathione S-transferases catalyze a glutathione conjugate of catechol oquinones including dopachrome, noradrenochrome, and adrenochrome under physiological conditions. Reduced or negative levels of activity amongst these enzymes would lead to an excess of neurotoxic compounds of catecholamine o-quinones. A defect in the mechanisms responsible for this form of detoxification may contribute to the development of certain forms of schizophrenia.

The frequency of the GSTM1*0 allele was significantly higher amongst the patients with schizophrenia compared to controls (P = 0.0075). Moreover, the incidence of the GSTM1*0 was significantly higher amongst the schizophrenic patients classified as disorganized type (P = 0.0008), relative to the control sample. Our findings suggest that the GSTM1*0 is associated with an increased susceptibility to schizophrenia, particularly disorganized type of the disease. It is therefore likely that the GSTM1 gene deletion constitutes to vulnerability for disease states of this kind, rather than being the direct cause of schizophrenic conditions.

Linus Pauling (10), in a 1967 paper entitled, "Orthomolecular Somatic and Psychiatric Medicine," proposed a new means of treating disease. The therapy merely provides the optimal molecular constitution of the body, especially the optimal concentration of substances which are normally present in the human body and are required for life itself.

It is known that the proper functioning of the mind requires the presence in the brain of molecules of many different substances, such as the B vitamins and ascorbic acid, and malfunction may result if optimal levels are not maintained. This work, which provides the rationale for the use of large doses of normal metabolites in the treatment of mental disease, was further elaborated in a paper on "Orthomolecular Psychiatry" in 1968.

Oxidative reactions and schizophrenia: a review-discussion.

Smythies,John Schizophr Res. 1997 Apr 11;24(3): 357-64.

Now that definitive direct evidence has been obtained that oxidized metabolites of catecholamines-aminochrome (derived from dopamine) and related compounds-occur in the human brain the question this paper explores is what is their function there, if any. They are precursors of neuromelanin and are formed inter alia by co-oxidation by prostaglandin H synthase during the synthesis of prostaglandin H from arachidonic acid. Their further metabolism by NAHPD-cytochrome P450 reductase forms the highly neurotoxic o-semiquinone together with free oxygen radicals. The defenses against these orthoquinones (o-quinones) and o-semiquinones (which include reduction, O-methylation, 5-cysteinylization, glutathione conjugation, conversion to the o-hydroquinone, and neuromelanin formation), and their possible status in schizophrenia, are reviewed.

This system is closely linked with glutamate neurotoxicity because glutamate receptors activate PGH synthase and because dopamine toxicity is mediated by these o-quinones acting on NMDA receptors. Interactions between glutamate and dopamine neurotoxicity are explored, including a possible role for the redox properties of catecholamines. The hypothesis is presented that some of the demonstrated cellular damage in the schizophrenic brain may be mediated by catecholamine oquinones.

The significance of the evidence from previous studies carried out 40 years ago, that a closely related catecholamine oquinone-adrenochrome-has psychotomimetic properties in humans and behavior disrupting properties in animals, is reviewed in the light of these recent findings.

Well, imagine that! It only took 57 years!!

I didnt only learn about adrenochrome and orthomolecular biochemistry from Dr. Hoffer.

Dr. Hoffers therapeutic comment to patients.

I wish I had your gene pool!

Dr. Hoffers therapeutic question to patients.

What will you do when you get well?

The Adrenochrome Hypothesis: Clinical Applications

Corrective Medicine & Psychiatry

Ferrari

Jeep

Which is better?

The Two Categories of Patients in my Practice

Psychiatric High performance but better stay on road and get regular maintenance!)

Somatic Can stay up all night partying, over imbibe, shake it off and do it again the next night. No mechanic required.

Question from a new receptionist.

How do I know which patient is psychiatric and which is not?

Answer: They (we!) are ALL psychiatric patients to the degree that they are suffering.

Psychological torture is far worse than physical torture.

Theodor H. Lustig tranlated from German as LEssai sur la psychologie de la terreur 1946 published in Complex Winter 1951

Adrenochrome Hypothesis restated and paraphrased for patients in my practice: When more adrenalin is created (in response to multi-factorial stress) than the body has orthomolecules and adaptive behaviors to adequately (safely) metabolize, then the suboptimal method for rendering adrenalin inert via oxidation is utilized. Oxidized adrenalin, adrenochrome, is an endogenous hallucinogen which is implicated in all psychotic illnesses including schizophrenia, mania, depersonalization and dissociation experiences.

What I tell my patients. You are not mentally ill. You are intoxicated.

Distress vs. Disease Intoxication vs. Illness

Being Drunk vs. Being a Drunk

Question for a patient:

If you have never tasted alcohol before and I manage to slip you a gallon of rum, you would most certainly be drunk. But, would you be a drunk?

Question for patient: If you become overwhelmed with stress and create too much adrenochrome, you would certainly have a nervous breakdown, but would you be mentally ill?

Stress: staying up too late, leaving home, relationship issues, not taking care of yourself, running on empty .

Adrenalin

Unsafe level (overflow)

Safe level

Oxidized adrenalin A crazy making brain substance

If all the spigots arent open, There is overflow (oxidation)

Rx: Vit B3, Vit C, glutathione, zinc, fish oil

Safe and sane metabolites

Emotional/ Environmental Stress Nor adrenalin Vitamin C Auto-oxidation with Cu+

Niacin as a methylacceptor

Adrenalin

Adrenochrome, (an endogenous hallucinogen)

MAO

Leukoadrenochrome

Deaminated Aldehyde Intermediates

Aldehyde reductase

Adrenolutin (an endogenous hallucinogen)

Alcohol/Acid metabolites 3,4 dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) Dihydroxymandelic acid (DHMA)

Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)

Example of a rational treatment protocol: the cast.

The Health Pyramid

Bradford S. Weeks, M.D. Hospital Drugs / Surgery Supplement and / or Detoxify

LIFESTYLE FACTORS Repair the NET Nutrition (get it) Exercise (use it) Thoughts (manage it)

But it is NOT rational treatment if the patient is still in a cast 6 years later! .Well, we never know when you might break your leg again, so we surgeons decided to keep you in this cast for the rest of your life. Better to be safe than sorry!

Therapeutic Insight based upon the Adrenochrome Hypothesis: We all have a breaking point.
(effort to de-stigmatize)

The problem is correctable.

(the role of hope)

CASE STUDY

DX: OCD, Tourettes, Major Depression, Myalgias, SX: disfiguring spastic tics (constant - 100 tics a minute), yelling, stuttering, unable to concentrate, depression, helpless hopeless, worthless, angry; (only child, both parents are doctors) Age of onset for SX: infancy, Chicken Pox MMR->serious fever Duration of SX prior to CM&P treatment: 15 years Prognosis by psychiatrist: no hope, no future education, work in the trades, stay on medications (Risperal 1.5mg since 1998, Prozac 20mg since 1996),
Age when started CM&P treatment: 15 December 2003

CM&P Dx and Rx:

Educate and De-stigmatize
Corrective replenishment & biotherapeutic drainage:
Lifestyle, MVMM, EFA, UNDA Food allergies/gastritis: no dairy/wheat, Betaine HCL pepsin Yeast: yeast-free diet, Apo-Fluconazol, saccromyces. B. Myalgia: magnesium and rehydration Low iodine: SSKI GABA receptor dysfunction: GABA and Xyrem (GHB)

Duration of time to get off prescription meds: 2 months Duration of treatment in office: 4 visits over 9 months Current status: sophomore at Reed College, straight As, happy, planning career in medicine; Meaningful relationships? Yes (self included!) Employed? Not yet, full academic load Paying taxes? Not yet

We ARE so delighted we worship the ground you walk on Dr. Weeks.

from the parents

CASE STUDY

DX: Schizophrenia SX: Visual and auditory (command and demeaning) hallucinations, depression, stopped high-school, house bound, no friends visit, unable to read or compute, watches TV, weight gain on Zyprexa: 120 pounds!!! Age of onset for SX: 15 Duration of SX prior to CM&P treatment: 2 years Prognosis by psychiatrist: no hope, no future education, sheltered home; stay on medications, (Zyprexa, Welbutrin, Lexapro, Glucophage, Atenolol, diet)

Age when started CM&P treatment: 17 May 2001

CM&P Dx and Rx:

Educate and De-stigmatize

Corrective replenishment & biotherapeutic drainage: Lifestyle (diet, exercise), MVMM, EFA, UNDA, IM vitamin B shots, NAC, Food allergies/gastritis: no dairy/wheat, Betaine HCL pepsin Yeast: yeast-free diet, Apo-Fluconazol, saccromyces. B. Low iodine: SSKI

Duration of time to get off prescription meds: 5 months Duration of treatment in office: 5 visits over 17 months Date of last consultation: 2003 Current status: GED 2002, graduated College 2007, started medical school fall, 2007, Meaningful relationship? Yes, boyfriend Employed? Yes Part time at school with professor

Paying taxes? Yes

Letter from mother of the patient to psychiatrist

Psychiatry is more fun

when the patients get well. BSW

I enjoy my practice of psychiatry quite well, thank you very much!

her former psychiatrist

Thank you, Abram (and all the other orthomolecular pioneers!)

TORTURE IN USA

Regardless of all differences between patients who have suffered from psychotic breakdowns and those with the sequelae of torture, our experience have shown that some common features can be recognized.
The `living dead' Survivors of torture and psychosis Werbart, Andrzej Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Volume 7, Number 2, 1993 , pp. 163-179(17)

A medical malpractice suit filed yesterday asserts that a Tufts Medical Center psychiatrist who diagnosed the girl as bipolar when she was 28 months old and then treated her for two years with a regimen of powerful drugs is to blame for her death. The parents of 4-year-old Rebecca Riley are awaiting trial on charges that they killed her in December 2006 with an overdose of psychiatric drugs.
Shelley Murphy, Globe Staff April 4, 2008

Rebecca Riley
2002-2006

See www.caica.org

The Army Field Manual 2-22.3, officially titled Human Intelligence Collector Operations eschews coercion and instead offers general advice on behavior:
People tend to want to talk when they are under stress and respond to kindness and understanding during trying circumstances.

It offers 19 approaches to interrogation that Congress wants the C.I.A. to stick to, including: - Mutt and Jeff, or good cop, bad cop; - We Know All, in which the interrogator pretends merely to be confirming details of a story he knows already; - Rapid-Fire Questioning, to produce contradictions that can then be challenged; - Ego Up, in which flattery produces a bond; - False Flag, in which an American interrogator poses as one from another nation.

The principles are familiar to anyone whos watched enough police procedurals.

The overriding principle should be: Make it as easy as possible for someone to cooperate with you, he said. If we want someone to re-create in minute detail something that happened three years ago, how can we help them remember?
Col. Steven M. Kleinman, a veteran interrogator in Iraq

International Treaties

The Geneva Conventions consist of four sequential cumulative treaties which establish reasonable standards for international law during times of war to protect non-combatants and prisoners of war. Henry Dunant was the driving force in the establishment of these treaties after he witnessed horrors and inhumanity during the Battle of Solferino in 1859. Three amendments to the Geneva Conventions were added in 1977 and 2005.

The Geneva Conventions declare that all signatory states must establish and enforce sufficient domestic laws that make grave violations of the Geneva Conventions by national or military leadership and functionaries a punishable criminal offense. "No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of war to secure from them information of any kind whatever. Prisoners of war who refuse to answer may not be threatened, insulted or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantageous treatment of any kind." Third Geneva Convention, Article 17

Forced confessions are known to be unreliable.

Senior law enforcement agents with the Criminal Investigation task Force (CIFT), a military unit made up of members from all the branches of the U.S. armed forces created in 2002 by the US dept. of Defense to conduct investigations of detainees captured in the War on Terrorism, told MSNBC.com in 2006 that they complained inside the Defense Department in 2002 that the "interrogation" tactics used by a separate team of intelligence investigators were unproductive, not likely to produce reliable information, and probably illegal.

PORTIA (to her love, Bassanio)

Ay, but I fear

you speak upon the rack, Where men enforced do speak anything.

The Merchant of Venice

by Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, aka Shakespeare see www.shakespeare-oxford.com/

Under torture you are as if under the dominion of those grasses that produce visions. Under torture you say not only what the inquisitor wants, but also what you imagine might please him, because a bond (this, truly, diabolical) is established between you and him.

Umberto Eco

(Bush) has rejected the Army field manuals recognition that such horrific tactics elicit unreliable information, put U.S. troops at risk and undermine our counterinsurgency efforts,
Mr. Harry Reid, ranking Democrat

March 8, 2008
Mr. Bush vetoed a bill that would have explicitly prohibited the agency from using interrogation methods like waterboarding, a technique in which restrained prisoners are threatened with drowning and that has been the subject of intense criticism at home and abroad. Many such techniques are prohibited by the military and law enforcement agencies.

Waterboarding circa 1556

La plus ca change

TECHNIQUES OF TORTURE

Experts Marty Lederman, H. Candace Gorman, Arthur Bright, Scott Horton have reported that blogger, political commentator and former editor of The New Republic Andrew Sullivan claimed that "enhanced interrogation" bears remarkable resemblance to the techniques the Gestapo called "Verschrfte Vernehmung," for which some of them faced prosecution in Norway after World War II and were "found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death.

Verschrfte Vernehmung" loosely translated "enhanced interrogation" employs techniques including: - Simplest or contaminated rations to the point of malnutrition and starvation; - Hard bed to the point of inducing sleep deprivation; - Dark cell to the point of inducing confusion and disorientation in time and place; - Exhaustion exercises to the point of giving up hope. - Blows with a stick to the point of depersonalization and dissociation

Note: these Nazis' interrogative methods were found to be torture. In contrast, objective assessment by historians notes that Allies' methods of interrogation at the time were far less abusive and far more effective than either the Nazi Verschrfte Vernehmung" or the enhanced interrogation techniques used by the United States today:

White House nears completion of new torture guidelines.

Critics say administration's endorsement of 'enhanced interrogation' is 'immoral,' draw comparisons to Nazi war crimes
By Arthur Bright, The Christian Science Monitor, May 31 2007

The 18 techniques were divided into three categories and came with only rudimentary guidance. No limits were placed on how many methods could be used at once, or for how many days in succession. The detainee was to be provided with a chair. The environment should be generally comfortable. If the detainee was uncooperative, you went to Category I.

Category 1: This comprised two techniques, yelling and deception.

Category II included 12 techniques aimed at humiliation and sensory deprivation: the use of stress positions such as standing; sleep deprivation; isolation for up to 30 days; deprivation of light and sound; 20-hour interrogations; removal of religious items; removal of clothing; forcible grooming, such as the shaving of facial hair; the use of individual phobias, (fear of dogs), in order to induce stress.

When sleep deprivation becomes great enough, the effects mimic those of psychosis.

Today, average young adults report sleeping about seven to seven and one-half hours each night. Compare this to sleep patterns in 1910, before the electric light bulb, the average person slept nine hours each night.

This means that today's population sleeps one to two hours less than people did early in the century (Webb and Agnew, 1975).

Per Lt. Cmdr. John J. Ross of the U.S. Navy Medical Neuropsychiatric Research Unit in San Diego. Gardner's symptoms that Ross reported included: * Day 2: Difficulty focusing eyes and signs of astereognosis (difficulty recognizing objects by touch). * Day 3: Moodiness, some signs of ataxia (inability to repeat simple tongue twisters). * Day 4: Irritability and uncooperative attitude, memory lapses and difficulty concentrating. Gardner's first hallucination was that a street sign was a person, followed by a delusional episode in which he imagined that he was a famous black football player.

* Day 5: More hallucinations (e.g., seeing a path extending from the room in front of him down through a quiet forest). These were sometimes described as "hypnagogic reveries" since Gardner recognized, at least after a short while, that the visions were illusionary in nature. * Day 6: Speech slowing and difficulty naming common objects.

Day 7 and 8: Irritability, speech slurring and increased memory lapses. * Day 9: Episodes of fragmented thinking; frequently beginning, but not finishing, his sentences. * Day 10: Paranoia focused on a radio show host who Gardner felt was trying to make him appear foolish because he ws having difficulty remembering some details about his vigil. * Day 11: Expressionless appearance, speech slurred and without intonation; had to be encouraged to talk to get him to respond at all. His attention span was very short and his mental abilities were diminished. In a serial sevens test, where the respondent starts with the number 100 and proceeds downward by subtracting seven each time, Gardner got back to 65 (only five subtractions) and then stopped. When asked why he had stopped he claimed that he couldn't remember what he was supposed to be doing.

Though short periods of sensory deprivation can be relaxing, extended deprivation can result in extreme anxiety, hallucinations, bizarre thoughts, depression and antisocial behavior.

A prisoner at the United States Camp X-ray facility at Guantanamo Bay, in Cuba being subjected to sensory deprivation, through the use of goggles, ear muffs, visor, breathing mask and heavy mittens

Category III included four techniques:

1) the use of mild, non-injurious physical contact, such as grabbing, poking, and light pushing; 2) the use of scenarios designed to convince the detainee that death or severely painful consequences were imminent for him or his family; 3) exposure to cold weather or water; 4) waterboarding. This last technique, which powerfully mimics the experience of drowning, was later described by Vice President Cheney as a dunk in the water.

Music as a weapon for torture.

November 18, 1998, authorizing now-defunct Synetics Corporation to produce a tightly focused beam of infrasoundthat is, vibration waves slower than 100 vpsmeant to produce effects that range from disabling or lethal.
In 1999, Maxwell Technologies patented a HyperSonic Sound System, another highly directional device ... designed to control hostile crowds or disable hostage takers. The same year Primex Physics International patented both the Acoustic Blaster, which produced repetitive impulse waveforms of 165dB, directable at a distance of 50 feet, for antipersonnel applications, and the Sequential Arc Discharge Acoustic Generator, which produces high intensity impulsive sound waves by purely electrical means
http://www.sibetrans.com/trans/trans10/cusick_eng.htm

Nancy Sinatra singing These Boots were made for Walking

was aimed at Branch Davidian family members at Waco, Texas April 19th 1993.
source: Aleksandr Kachurov Moscow Psychotronic Institure http://www.apfn.org/apfn/nancy.htm

Torture technique details under the Bush administration today Former and current CIA officials have revealed details of interrogation techniques authorized by the CIA under President GW Bush. These include: The Attention Grab: The interrogator forcefully grabs the shirt front of the prisoner and shakes him. Attention Slap: An open-handed slap aimed at causing pain and triggering fear.

The Belly Slap: A hard open-handed slap to the abdomen. The aim is to cause pain, but not internal injury. Doctors consulted advised against using a punch, which could cause lasting internal damage.

Long Time Standing: This technique is described as among the most effective. Prisoners are forced to stand, handcuffed and with their feet shackled to an eye bolt in the floor, for more than 40 hours. The Cold Cell: The prisoner is left to stand naked in a cell kept near 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius). Water boarding: The prisoner is bound to an inclined board, feet raised and head slightly below the feet. Material is wrapped over the prisoner's face and water is poured over him. Unavoidably, the gag reflex kicks in and a terrifying fear of drowning leads to almost instant pleas to bring the treatment to a halt.
(source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques#cite_noteCSM_on_the_techniques-2)

And you could inflict pain. You also had stress positions, and you escalated the stress positions, Davis said. Handcuffs behind their backs, high up, in very uncomfortable positions, or chained down.

La plus ca change

Then you had the submersion. You put the people in garbage cans, and youd put ice in it, and water. Or stick them underneath the shower spigot naked. Theyd be freezing. It was a routine, he said: Open a window while it was, like, forty degrees outside and watch them disappear into themselves . . . before they go into shock.

This year I was really a player, Feith said, thinking back on 2002 and relishing the memory. I asked him whether, in the end, he was at all concerned that the Geneva decision might have diminished Americas moral authority. He was not. The problem with moral authority, he said, was people who should know better, like yourself, siding with the assholes, to put it crudely.
Douglas J. Feith. As undersecretary of defense for policy, directly below Wolfowitz and Donald Rumsfeld as reported by by Phillippe Sands May 2008 in Vanity Fair

Haynes recommended that Rumsfeld give blanket approval to 15 out of 18 proposed techniques of aggressive interrogation. Rumsfeld duly did so, on December 2, 2002, signing his name firmly next to the word Approved. Under his signature he also scrawled a few words that refer to the length of time a detainee can be forced to stand during interrogation.

However, I stand for 8-10 hours a day. Why is standing limited to 4 hours? D.R.

Not all the Americans in Iraq are those who torture and murder. I don't know how many are doing it but I know it is systematic throughout the United States military. I think that's been revealed. John Pilger

Freedom Tickles

Shamefully, we now learn that Saddam's torture chambers reopened under new management, U.S. management. Edward Kennedy

Abu Ghraib 2004

I mean, we've had all these awful pictures from the prison in Iraq and these sort of memos floating around about justifying torture, all this kind of stuff. And it makes you want to take a shower, you know? Ron Reagan

How did the US get into this mess?

In a talk presented at the Second International Conference of Social Psychiatry in London in 1969, Pauling suggested that an optimal intake of ascorbic acid could mean a 10 percent improvement in physical and mental health. He speculated: "What would be the consequences for the world if the national leaders and the people as a whole were to think just 10 percent more clearly?"

The healthy man does not torture others generally it is the tortured who turn in to torturers. Carl Gustv Jung

Bushs response to citizens demand to Clean up the CIA

The Outraged US Citizenry

In general, persons who have been tortured prefer a holistic approach that addresses their current reality in a culturally sensitive way. Many have begun to recover from torture with the help of proper nutrition and exercise that may enhance the patient's coping ability and resilience. Torture and its human and social effects are now in the global public eye. Medical professionals must relinquish their fears and take the lead in healing the wounds inflicted by the most extreme acts of human aggression. Commitment to a process that begins with a simple but courageous act asking the right question bespeaks the belief that medicine is a potent antidote to the practices of torturers. Surviving Torture Richard F. Mollica, M.D. NEJM 2004 Jul 1;351(1):5-7.

In considering how human rights might serve as a 'guiding value' in American foreign policy, one should not dismiss the historical record, which is ample. There is indeed a close relationship between human rights and American foreign policy. There is substantial evidence that American aid and diplomatic support increase as human rights violations increase, at least in the Third World. Extensive violations of human rights (torture, forced reduction of living standards for much of the population, police-sponsored death squads, destruction of representative institutions or of independent unions, etc.) are directly correlated with US government support. The linkage is not accidental; rather it is systematic. The reason is obvious enough. Client fascism often improves the business climate for American corporations, quite generally the guiding factor in foreign policy. It would be nave indeed to think that this will change materially, given the realities of American social structure and the grip of the state ideological system. Noam Chomsky

My view is history is going to judge us all.

Rep. Bill Delahunt, a Democrat from Massachusetts

We must be the change we wish to see in the world. Gandhi

Summary and Conclusions

When stressed past ones breaking point, (defined biochemically by the intoxicating accumulation of adrenochrome), whether from life in general or a torturer in specific, people experience worsening stages of disorientation, depersonalization, and distress.

In clinical settings this is termed psychosis, mania, schizophrenia and more accurately, nervous breakdown.
In political settings when being tortured, this is termed willingness to confess. In both instances, the biochemistry renders the content implausible to the point of being an unreliable version of reality since the subject is intoxicated past his ability to speak the truth.

Diagnostic & Therapeutic Tools Clinical Presentation Physical Examination Review of Medical History Review of Psychiatric History Review of Scientific Literature

Might I suggest a.

Review of

Poetic Literature?

i sing of Olaf glad and big whose warmest heart recoiled at war: a conscientious object-or

his wellbelovd colonel(trig westpointer most succinctly bred) took erring Olaf soon in hand; but--though an host of overjoyed noncoms(first knocking on the head him)do through icy waters roll that helplessness which others stroke with brushes recently employed anent this muddy toiletbowl, while kindred intellects evoke allegiance per blunt instruments--

Olaf (being to all intents a corpse and wanting any rag upon what God unto him gave) responds, without getting annoyed "I will not kiss your fucking flag" straightway the silver bird looked grave (departing hurriedly to shave)

but--though all kinds of officers (a yearning nation's blueeyed pride) their passive prey did kick and curse until for wear their clarion voices and boots were much the worse, and egged the firstclassprivates on his rectum wickedly to tease by means of skillfully applied bayonets roasted hot with heat-Olaf (upon what were once knees) does almost ceaselessly repeat "there is some shit I will not eat"

our president, being of which assertions duly notified threw the yellowsonofabitch into a dungeon,where he died

Christ (of His mercy infinite) i pray to see; and Olaf, too preponderatingly because unless statistics lie he was more brave than me: more blond than you. -edward estlin cummings 1931

ee cummings 1884-1962

I pleased only my patients.

Paracelsus

Abram Hoffer, M.D., Ph.D. going strong at 90!

Final Case History

Take yourselves, for example.

Feeling a bit crazy after hearing all this? Ask for samples at our helpful exhibitors! Vit C Niacin EFA Glutathione and sleep well tonight!

There will one day spring from the brain of science a machine or force so fearful in its potentialities, so absolutely terrifying, that even man, the fighter, who will dare torture and death in order to inflict torture and death, will be appalled, and so abandon war forever.
Thomas A. Edison

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