SQL Server 2008 for Developers

UTS Short Course

Eric Phan SA @ SSW

w: ericphan.info | e: EricPhan@ssw.com.au | t: @ericphan

Loves C# and .NET

Specializes in

Application architecture and design SQL Performance Tuning and Optimization Agile, Scrum Certified Scrum Trainer Technology aficionado
Silverlight ASP.NET Windows Forms

Course Website

http://sharepoint.ssw.com.au/Training/UTSSQL/Pages/

Course Timetable Course Materials

Last Week

SQL Management Studio SQL Configuration Manager Consoles

SQLCMD PowerShell

SQL Profiler

SQL Database Tuning Advisor

Course Overview
Session Date 1 Time 18:00 - 21:00 Topic SQL Server 2008 Management Studio

Tuesday 06-03-2012
Tuesday 13-03-2012 Tuesday 20-03-2012 Tuesday 27-03-2012 Tuesday 03-04-2012

18:00 - 21:00

T-SQL Enhancements

18:00 - 21:00

High Availability

18:00 - 21:00

CLR Integration

18:00 - 21:00

Full-Text Search

Last Week - Additional

1. 2.

How to setup maintenance plans over night Database encryption

1. 2.

Data Source code (Stored procs)

3.

Best practices
1. 2.

Typical maintenance plans Policies

1. 2.

Modify maintenance plan 2nd page in wizard (new plan)

Database encryption
Encrypting data - Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb934049.aspx http://www.acorns.com.au/blog/?p=147 Encrypting Connections to SQL Server http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189067.aspx Encrypting source code
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/database/ProtectSQLCodeObject.aspx

Best practices - Maintenance

http://ola.hallengren.com/

Steps
Backup Integrity check Index optimization

Solution used in
mission-critical environments in many organizations.

Best practices - Security

Security Best Practices http://download.microsoft.com/download/8/5/e/85eea4fa-b3bb4426-97d0-7f7151b2011c/SQL2005SecBestPract.doc

Security Best Practices Checklist http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc966456.aspx

Homework?
Create a schema called Salary Create a table called Employees in Schema Create a user called Manager Give only manager permission to update/insert/delete in schema Create a user called Peter Give Peter only read to schema (=salary) Create a user Alice Deny everything for Alice in Salary

Agenda

New Data Types Inline variable assignment

Table Value Parameters

DDL Triggers CTE (Common Table Expressions) TOP %, XML Queries

PIVOT/UNPIVOT
ADO.NET

Datatypes - Exact Numerics

bigint, int, smallint, tinyint

-2^63 ... 2^63-1 0..255

Bit (0 or 1) decimal = numeric

Exact type Numbers -10^38 +1 ... 10^38

Money, smallmoney

accuracy to a ten-thousandth money unit Smallmoney = smaller money

Datatypes Approximate Numerics

Floating point numeric data

float real

Datatypes - text

char

Fixed length

varchar

Variable length

Datatypes - text

char, varchar, text

Ascii - 1 byte

nchar, nvarchar, ntext

Unicode - 2 bytes

binary, varbinary, image

Date and Time

SQL 2008 now has the following data types to represent time:

DateTime SmallDateTime Date Time DateTime2 really a BigDateTime

Min Date is 1st Jan 0000 Max date 31st Dec 9999 Y10K BUG!!

DateTimeOffset

Date Time details

Data type time Format Range Accuracy User-defined Storage size fractional second Time zone offset (bytes) precision Yes No No No Yes No No No No No

hh:mm:ss[.nnnn 00:00:00.0000000 through nnn] 23:59:59.9999999 0001-01-01 through 9999-12date YYYY-MM-DD 31 YYYY-MM-DD 1900-01-01 through 2079-06smalldatetime hh:mm:ss 06 YYYY-MM-DD 1753-01-01 through 9999-12datetime hh:mm:ss[.nnn] 31
datetime2

100 nanoseconds 3 to 5 1 day 1 minute 0.00333 second 3 4 8

YYYY-MM-DD 0001-01-01 00:00:00.0000000 hh:mm:ss[.nnnn through 9999-12-31 100 nanoseconds 6 to 8 nnn] 23:59:59.9999999

YYYY-MM-DD 0001-01-01 00:00:00.0000000 datetimeoffset hh:mm:ss[.nnnn through 9999-12-31 100 nanoseconds 8 to 10 nnn] [+|-]hh:mm 23:59:59.9999999 (in UTC)

Yes

Yes

Datatypes - Other

cursor table

Timestamp = rowversion

binary number Reflects data modifications

uniqueidentifier = Guid

Format: 04c4ce04-16c1-406f-a895-5dd321db7f0b

New Data Types

Filestream Sparse Columns Filtered Indexes Spatial Data HierarchyID

DATE and TIME data types

Example: Storing images

I am designing an Employee table that needs to cater for employee photographs. What should I do?

blob vs. file system

I am designing an Employee table that needs to cater for employee photographs. What should I do? You can store the image in the database (blob) You can store a URL to the image in the database (Recommended for SQL2005)

http://www.ssw.com.au/ssw/standards/Rules/RulestoBetterSQ LServerdatabases.aspx#ImageReplaceWithURL

blob

You can store the image in the database (blob) Database grows really big Backups take longer Your code needs to convert the bytes back into an image Your images are in sync with your data

File system

You can store a URL to the image in the database (Recommended for SQL2005) Database is smaller Easily validate or change the image (you can look at it on the file system) Data could become out of sync with the file system Need to backup the database and the file system

Filestream

Filestream to the rescue Implemented as a special varbinary(max) where data is stored as a blob on the file system Allows you to have transactionally consistent Integrated backup and restore of your binary images Size limitation is the size of your hard drives free space

Problem

Q:\ Ive got an Contacts table with 200,000 rows. To support the latest Web 2.0 trends we want to also record the contacts blog address. What should I do?

Solution?

A:\ Just add a new BlogUrl column in

Solution?

A:\ Just add a new BlogUrl column in

Q:\ Whats the problem with that?

A:\ Most of the entries in your table will be null, it wastes a lot of database space

Solution

Use a sparse column

These columns are new to SQL 2008 They are optimized for storing NULL values

Sparse Columns
Data type bit tinyint smallint int bigint real float smallmoney Nonsparse bytes 0.125 1 2 4 8 4 8 4 Sparse bytes 4.125 5 6 8 12 8 12 8 NULL percentage 98% 86% 76% 64% 52% 64% 52% 64%

money
smalldatetime datetime uniqueidentifier date

8
4 8 16 3

12
8 12 20 7

52%
64% 52% 43% 69%

Sparse Columns
Data type datetime2(0) datetime2(7) time(0) time(7) datetimetoffset(0) datetimetoffset (7) decimal/numeric(1,s) decimal/numeric(38,s) Nonsparse bytes 6 8 3 5 8 10 5 17 Sparse bytes 10 12 7 9 12 14 9 21 NULL Percentage 57% 52% 69% 60% 52% 49% 60% 42%

vardecimal(p,s)

Use the decimal type as a conservative estimate.

Sparse Columns
Data type sql_variant varchar or char nvarchar or nchar varbinary or binary xml Nonsparse bytes Varies with the underlying data type 4+avg. data 4+avg. data 4+avg. data 4+avg. data 2+avg. data 2+avg. data 2+avg. data 2+avg. data 60% 60% 60% 60% Sparse bytes NULL Percentage

hierarchyId

4+avg. data

2+avg. data

60%

Filtered Indexes

Allows you to add an index to a column with a where clause Useful for indexing columns with null values in them

Spatial Data Types

Geometry Geography

Virtual Earth Integration

Planar vs Geodetic Algorithms Separate install for spatial assemblies

http://www.conceptdevelopment.net/Database/Geoquery/

Spatial Datatypes Hierarchy

Spatial Data Types

Geometry allows you to represent and process polygons

How do I represent an Org Chart?

Employee with a ManagerID column (self join) New HierarchyID data type

Can be indexed using:

Depth First Breadth First

Depth First Search

A depth-first index, rows in a subtree are stored near each other. For example, all employees that report through a manager are stored near their managers' record.

Breadth First Search

A breadth-first stores the rows each level of the hierarchy together. For example, the records of employees who directly report to the same manager are stored near each other.

Inline Variable Assignment

Instead of:

DECLARE @myVar int SET @myVar = 5

You can:

DECLARE @myVar int = 5

Table Value Parameters

Pass in a table as an argument to a SPROC Instead of:

exec sp_MySproc 'murphy,35;galen,31;samuels,27;colton,42 SPROC needs to then parse that string

Table Value Parameters

You can do this instead

CREATE TYPE PeepsType AS TABLE (Name varchar(20), Age int) DECLARE @myPeeps PeepsType INSERT @myPeeps SELECT 'murphy', 35 INSERT @myPeeps SELECT 'galen', 31 INSERT @myPeeps SELECT 'samuels', 27 INSERT @myPeeps SELECT 'colton', 42 exec sp_MySproc2 @myPeeps

Table Value Parameters

The SPROC would look like this:

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_MySproc2(@myPeeps PeepsType READONLY)

DDL Triggers

Auditing, regulating schema changes, capture events on create_table, alter_procedure, drop_login etc

PIVOT

CTE (Common Table Expression) Before

CTE (Common Table Expressions) After

More features

ROW NUMBER see example TRY/Catch in queries see example

Top % WITH TIES

select top with tie feature( if top 10 and there are 15 that match number 10 will bring back all 15)

Working with XML - RAW

SELECT TOP 3 Person.FirstName, Person.LastName, PersonPhone.PhoneNumber FROM AdventureWorks.Person.Person INNER JOIN AdventureWorks.Person.PersonPhone ON PersonPhone.BusinessEntityID = Person.BusinessEntityID FOR XML RAW

Working with XML - RAW

<row FirstName="Ken" LastName="Snchez" PhoneNumber="697-555-0142"/> <row FirstName="Terri" LastName="Duffy" PhoneNumber="819555-0175"/> <row FirstName="Roberto" LastName="Tamburello" PhoneNumber="212-555-0187"/>

Working with XML - RAW

What happened to our relationships? RAW doesnt show our table relationships but gives us a flat XML hierarchy

Working with XML - Auto

SELECT TOP 3 Person.FirstName, Person.LastName, PersonPhone.PhoneNumber FROM AdventureWorks.Person.Person INNER JOIN AdventureWorks.Person.PersonPhone ON PersonPhone.BusinessEntityID = Person.BusinessEntityID FOR XML AUTO

Working with XML - Auto

<AdventureWorks.Person.Person FirstName="Ken" LastName="Snchez"> <AdventureWorks.Person.PersonPhone PhoneNumber="697555-0142"/> </AdventureWorks.Person.Person>

Working with XML - Auto

Great, but what if I needed to format the XML to output into a certain schema

Working with XML - Explicit

SELECT TOP 3 1 AS TAG,

NULL AS PARENT,
BusinessEntityID AS [Person!1!BusinessEntityID], FirstName AS [Person!1!FirstName!ELEMENT] FROM AdventureWorks.Person.Person FOR XML EXPLICIT

Working with XML - Explicit

<Person BusinessEntityID="285> <FirstName>Syed</FirstName> </Person> <Person BusinessEntityID="293"> <FirstName>Catherine</FirstName> </Person> <Person BusinessEntityID="295"> <FirstName>Kim</FirstName> </Person>

Working with XML - Explicit

Can control how the XML gets output Ugly query

Is there a better way?

Working with XML - PATH

SELECT TOP 3 BusinessEntityID "Person/@BusinessEntityID",

FirstName "Person/FirstName"
FROM AdventureWorks.Person.Person FOR XML PATH ('')

Working with XML - XQuery

XQuery is a query language for XML Data

XQuery Declaring our XML string

DECLARE @x XML SET @x = '<christmaslist><person name = "betty" gift = "camera"/><person name = "zach" gift = "elmo doll"/><person name = "brad" gift = "socks"/></christmaslist>'

XQuery - Querying
SELECT @x.exist('/christmaslist/person[@gift="socks"]') SELECT @x.exist('/christmaslist/person[@gift="lump of coal"]')

SELECT @x.exist('/christmaslist/person[@gift="Socks"])
SELECT @x.value('/christmaslist[1]/person[1]/@name', 'VARCHAR(20)) SELECT @x.query('/christmaslist/person')

XQuery - Querying

query() value()

exist()
nodes() modify()

XQuery - Resources

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms345117.aspx

ADO.NET

ADO.NET gives you full control over how you access and retrieve data from the data source

Strongly typed data sets

Work in disconnected mode

ADO.NET

SQLConnection
Manages the connection to the database

SQLCommand
Defines the data to be read, updated etc.

SQLDataAdapter
Runs the SQLCommand against the database

DataSet
A complete in-memory copy of the data (tables, relationships, data types) Search, filter, navigate your data without even being connected to the database!

TSQL Tricks

Randomize Select output Repeat statements with GO x

Resources 1/2

Spatial Data playground

http://www.conceptdevelopment.net/Database/Geoquery/

Hidden Features in SQL Server

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/121243/hiddenfeatures-of-sql-server

Top 10 Hidden Gems in SQL Server

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-au/library/cc917696.aspx

Resources 2/2

What to do when you take over a new SQL Server box?

http://www.brentozar.com/sql/blitz-minute-sql-server-takeovers/

Session 2 Lab

T-SQL Enhancements

Download from Course Materials Site (to copy/paste scripts) or type manually
http://sharepoint.ssw.com.au/training/UTSSQL/

Where Else can I Iget help? else Can Get Help?

Free chats and webcasts List of newsgroups

Microsoft community sites

Community events and columns

www.microsoft.com/technet/community

3 things

EricPhan@ssw.com.au http://ericphan.info twitter.com/ericphan

3 things

mehmet@ssw.com.au http://blog.ozdemir.id.au twitter.com/mozdemir_au

Thank You!
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