MOLLUSCA

The Characteristic of Mollusca

Called as soft body animals Triploblastic coelomata Bilateral symmetry Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs. Body possesses a through gut with mouth and anus. Body monomeric and highly variable in form, may possess a dorsal or lateral shells of protein and calcareous spicules. With a mantle which secretes a shell of 1, 2, or 8 plates ( shell vestigial, internal or absent in some). With a radula except in pelecypods. Its habitat : humid grounds, freshwaters and seawaters

Open circulatory system with a heart and an aorta except in cephalopods The excretory system makes use of the kidneys The reproduction system is occurred sexually and gonochoristic. Feeding habits use scrapers ,suspension feeders (rarely, carnivores) Nervous system with a circum-oesophagal ring, ganglia and paired nerve chords. Complete digestive system. Ventral muscular foot variousely modified for crawling, burrowing, or swimming. Has gaseous exchange organs called ctenidial gills

Molluscan Anatomy (chiton; Hickman Fig. 16-9)

Important Mollusca Features

coelom is a cavity present in body of molluscs and which contains internal organs suspended from mesenteries - just the pericardium, a sac around the heart muscular foot is present on underside of the body. - posterior, ventral, locomotory mantle is the upper surface of molluscs is covered by a shell formed from secretions The mantle cavity is a body part of molluscs formed by the fold produced in the mantle. Position of the mantle varies from one species to other. Ciliated mantle cavity helps with respiration and sometimes
feeding

Different organs present in the mantle cavity include the reproductive organs (gonads), gills, kidneys (nephridia) and the anus. Osphradia. The anus is formed of chemical sensors. Radula - tongue ,like scraper used for feeding Statocyst is incorporated in the foot structure of molluscs. (a balance organ) In limpets, the foot is modified into a sucker -which helps in anchoring the animal to hard surfaces. The foot in the gastropods -secrete mucus to facilitate movement.

MOLLUSCA CLASSIFICATION
(Based on its food shape)

1. 2. 3.

GASTROPODA CEPHALOPODA PELECYPODA

Class GASTROPODA (PULMONATA)

THE CHARACTERISTIC : o Belly footed animal (using their belly as foot) o Live in sea , freshwater and land o They have complete digestive system o Open circulatory system o Excretory system use nephridium o Hermaphrodite o Called as pulmonata (breathe with the mantle that similar function as lungs) o Tentacles to receive dark-bright stimulus o sensory and olfactory organs o Usually with a spiral shell of one piece. Shell vestigial or absent in some. o Foot broad and flattened. o Operculum for closing the shell.

Anatomy of Gastropoda

The Example OF GASTROPODA :

1. Achatina fulica (bekicot) 2. Limnea javanica (siput air tawar)

Class CHEPALOPODA
THE CHARACTERISTIC : Have foot in their head Bilaterally symmetrical body Their foots are modified to be tentacles to catch prey Have ink gland Have complete digestive system

The excretory system : nephridium The reproduction : internal fertilization

Well developed head surrounded by prehensile tentacles with suckers. Syphons for jet propulsion. Chromatophores allow color change. Well developed eyes. Most active and intelligent of mollusks. Shell external, internal, or absent.

Anatomy of Cephalopoda :

Cephalopoda is divided into two orders :

1. Tetrabranchiata a. has shell from calcareous b. has no ink pouch the example : Nautilus pompilus

2. Dibranchiata

a. has the inner shell or not at all b. has ink pouch the example : cuttlefish and octopus

Based on its foot, divided into :

Decapoda : has teen foots on its head, for example Loligo pealeli (siquid) and Sepia officinalis (cuttlefish)

loligo sp

sepia officinalis

 Octopoda

: has eight foots on its head, for example Octopus vulgaris (octopus) and Octopus bairdi (red octopus)

Octopus vulgaris

Octopus bairdi

o o o

o o o o o

Called as Bivalvia , have two shells connected by hinge Called also Lamellibranchiata , it breathes with sheetshaped gills Its cells consist of : a.periostracum (outermost shells chitin) as protecion b. prismatic (in the middle of its body) c. nacre (the inner layer) to make a pearl It breathe with gills There are three kinds, namely the male, the female, and the hermaprhrodite. Mantle secretes a shell of two lateral symmetric valves. No radula. Filter feeders.

Class PELECYPODA

ANATOMY OF PELECYPODA:

The example of Pelecypoda

The example : Pinctada magaritifera and Pinctada mertensi (pearl oyster)

Pinctada magaritifera

pearl oyster

THE BENEFIT OF MOLLUSCA :

1. 2.

3.

Pinctada margaritifera can be used as jewellery Molluscas shell can be used for necklace , lamp accessories Cuttlefish and squid : protein source