A girls cries for help while being raped were drowned in the loud music being played in her

neighbourhood. She committed suicide later. The Times of India, June1, 1998.

Noise: regulations in India

Machine noise can mask an alarm from reaching the ears, thereby increasing the chances

Introduction Legislations Limits Code of practice MoEF Case studies Conclusion

Sitara D. 2011 215 008 M.E. Environmental Engg.

Sources

Ambient noise
Definition A reference background sound pressure level at a location Adverse effects hearing loss sleep disruption cardiovascular disease pschological stress
dB(A) the audible response of human ear 800 to 3000 Hz

vehicles, horns, firecrackers loud speakers sound producing instruments

Sound level meter

Microphone Weighting network, filters Display unit (dB)

2

Construction machinery Traffic Horns, engine noise

Drums, commercials Loud speakers

DG sets
Fire cracker Sound level meter
3

Legislations - Noise Regulation

Legislation Constitution of India: Right to Life: - Article 21 Relevance Anyone in his house has a right to prevent noise as pollutant reaching him

Criminal Procedure Code Magisterial court can order to (Cr.P.C.) 1973: Section 133 remove or abate nuisance by noise Indian Penal code (I.P.C.): Chapter IV: Sections 268295 Public nuisance - Offences relating to public health, safety

Air (Prevention & Control of noise included as air pollutant Pollution) Amendment Act, 1987: Chapter I, 2. Definition (a)
4

Legislations - Noise levels

Legislation Relevance Env. Protection Act 1986: Env. Protection Rules 1986 I. Rule 5 (1) (ii) The noise pollution (regulation and control) rules, 2000 - Ambient stds., Restricts major noise II. Rule 3: Schedule 1 sources Items no. 46, 47, 89, 91, 94 Noise limits & measurement for III. Rule 3 A: Sch V1: Part specific articles E Noise limits for specific articles

Factories Act 1948: I. 3rd Schedule, Sec 89, Noise hearing loss: notifiable 90: disease II. Modal Rules: Noise exposure limits at work
5

Legislations - Noise levels

Legislation Motor Vehicles Act 1988 Ch VII Rule 110, (1) (h): Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1999 Ch V Construction, equipment & maintenance of motor vehicles

Relevance Rule 119: Horns (1) AIS 014 standards (2) No multi-toned or harsh horn (3) Exceptions (on duty) Ambulance, Fire fighting Salvage purpose Police Motor vehicles Dept. & approved construction equipment, agricultural tractor vehicles Rule 120: Silencers (1) Must for all vehicles (2) Conform to noise stds. given in EP rules Schedule VI Part E. IS: 3028 1998 (3) Agri. tractor: IS 12180 2000

THE NOISE POLLUTION (REGULATION AND CONTROL) RULES, 2000

Under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

Drafted: Published & enforced: Last amended:

June - July1999 February 14th 2000 January 11th 2010

Objective: To maintain the ambient air quality standards in respect of noise

By: Regulating and controlling noise producing and generating sources
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Ambient air quality standards w.r.t. noise

The noise pollution (regulation and control) rules, 2000 Area code Category of area/zone Limits in dB (A) Leq Level of sound w.r.t. human hearing Day time 6.00 am 10.00 pm Night time 10.00 pm 6.00 am

A B C D

Industrial area Commercial area Residential area Silence zone

(100 metres around hospitals, educational institutions, courts,

75 65 55 50

70 55 45 40

Responsibilities
The noise pollution (regulation and control) rules, 2000

State govt. Identify areas/zones Abatement of noise

Complaints If noise > the stds by 10d(B) A: report to the authority Redressal by authority Order control or stop noise source Conduct hearing Baseless charges rejected
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Public works dept. Value as a parameter of quality of life

Enforcement Any Govt. authority or Officer Deputy Superintendent of Police

Restrictions on use of noise sources

The noise pollution (regulation and control) rules, 2000

Loud speakers / public address system (PAS) & sound producing instruments
written permission Not at nights, excepting o closed premises o emergencies o festivals max. 15/year

Horns, construction equipments & bursting of fire crackers

Not at nights in o residential areas o silence zones

PAS

o Not 10 dB (A) > stds. or o 75 dB (A) (--lower limit)

Horns excepted during emergencies

Instruments

o Not 5 dB (A) > stds.

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Noise limits
Serial no. (in Schedule 1) Product

(as on 31st March, 2010)

Noise limit Max. dB(A)

46. Noise limits Motorcycle, Scooters and 3 80 for automobiles - wheelers (free field) at 1m Passenger cars 82

&
EP rules Schedule VI Part E A (free field) at 7.5 m

Passenger or Commercial vehicles upto 4 T Passenger or Commercial vehicles > 4 T & upto 12 T Passenger or Commercial Vehicles above 12 T

85 89 91

(Central Motor Vehicles Rules amendment)

Agricultural tractor bystander ear level 88 operator ear level 98

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Noise limits

Serial no. (in Schedule 1) 47. Noise limits for domestic appliances and construction equipment &
EP rules Schedule VI Part E B

Product Window air conditioners: 1to 1.5 tonne Air Coolers Refrigerator Compactors(rollers), Front loaders, Concrete mixers, Cranes(movable), Vibrators and Saws

Noise limit Max. dB(A) 68 60 46 75

Noise limits

Serial no. (in Schedule 1) 89. Noise stds. for fire crackers
& The explosives rules, 2008

Product fire - crackers

Noise limit Max. dB(A) 125 at 4 m

91. Noise limit for Petrol or kerosene generator sets generator sets run with petrol or kerosene 94. Noise limit for DG upto1000 KVA, made generator sets after 1 Jan, 2005: run with diesel Other sets: Given acoustic treatment &

86

75 at 1m (Integral enclosure) Min. Insertion loss: 25 dB(A)

Diesel run generators

Without noise-proofing With acoustic enclosure

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Acoustic enclosure

(Fibreglass )
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Noise limits for vehicles -1Apr, 2005

EP rules Schedule VI Part E AA IS:3028-1998 measurement of pass-by noise level
Sl. No. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.0 2.1 2.2 3.0 Type of vehicles Noise limits dB(A) 75 77 80 77 80 74
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Two wheelers Displacement upto 80 cc Displacement more than 80 cc but upto 175 cc Displacement more than 175 cc Three wheelers Displacement upto 175 cc Displacement more than 175 cc Vehicles used for the carriage of passengers and capable of having not more than nine seats, including the drivers seat

EP rules Schedule VI Part E AA

Sl. No. 4.0

Type of vehicles

4.1 4.2 5.0

5.1 5.2 6.0 6.1 6.2

Noise limits dB(A) Vehicles used for the carriage of passengers having more than nine seats, including the drivers seat, and a maximum Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) of more than 3.5 tonnes With an engine power less than 150 KW 78 With an engine power of 150 KW or above. 80 Vehicles used for the carriage of passengers having more than nine seats, including the drivers seat : vehicles used for the carriage of goods. With a maximum GVW not exceeding 2 tonnes 76 77 With a maximum GVW greater than 3 tonnes but not exceeding 3.5 tonnes Vehicles used for the transport of goods with a maximum GVW exceeding 3.5 tonnes. With an engine power less than 75 KW 77 78 With an engine power of 75 KW or above but

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Permitted noise exposure for factory workers

The Modal Rules of the Factories Act,1948 Impulse noise

Permitted number of impulses or impact/day
100 315 1000 3160 10000

Peak sound pressure level in dB (A)

140 135 130 125 120

No exposure in excess of 140 dB (A) peak SPL Other SPL - extrapolation

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The Modal Rules of the Factories Act,1948

Total exposure time (continuous or a no. of short term exposures) per day, in hr 8 Sound pressure level in dB(A) 90

6
4 3 2 1 1 1/2 1/4 1/8

92
95 97 100 102 105 107 110 115

No exposure in excess of 115 dB (A) Other SPL - extrapolation

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Code of practice - MoEF

Public Address System
Not towards the neighbourhood Not for commercials. Sound-limiters in mikes (Kolkata)

Burning of Crackers
No crackers with impulsive noise > 90 dB at 5 metres distance from the site of bursting No joined crackers Use only during public festivals.

Railway Operations

Near housing area o Erect acoustic barrier o Reduce speed and o Avoid whistling

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Code of practice - MoEF

Construction Activities

Aircraft Operations

Acoustic barriers near sites Max. noise 75 dB(A) Leq(5 min.) industrial areas 65 dB(A) Leq(5 min.) other areas Fencing around the site No material stockpiles Put unused equipment as barriers Temporary earth bund around the site using unwanted soil

Aerodrome - away from city Take off direction - away from city Boarding /un-boarding plane to be sufficiently away from airport buildings Min. night-time operations Ear muffs for workers Portable silencers in the plane intake & exhaust during idling period at the airport.

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Citizens part - CPCB

Do's Motor vehicle & exhaust silencer ok DG set enclosure - min. 25 dB(A) insertion loss. Dealers validity certificate for P/K gen sets. Low volume of loudspeaker or sound amplifiers - undisturbed neighbours Low volume of music systems Use approved fire-crackers only outdoors in large open areas and at community level. Don'ts Horn except at emergency. Multi toned/air horns. DG sets without prior approval of the competent authority, if required by local laws Loudspeaker in the open or at night (except in closed premises) Neighbour - a captive listener to your music system Noisy fire-crackers at night

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BIS codes on noise pollution

BIS Code Description IS-4954-1968 Noise abatement in town planning recommendations IS-3098-1980 Noise emitted by moving road vehicles, measurement IS-103991982 Noise emitted by stationary road vehicles, methods of measurement of

IS-6098-1971 Air borne noise emitted by rotating electrical machinery, method of measurement of IS-4758-1968 Noise emitted by machines, methods of measurements of IS-3483-1965 Noise reduction in industrial buildings, code of practice for IS-1950-1962 Sound insulation of non-industrial buildings, code of practice for

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Case study 1 Bottling plant

Case Date Cause Effect Noise due to bottling plant affects local people PRLog (Press Release) - Jan 12, 2012. (www.prlog.org) Noise from idling delivery trucks at the Coca Cola bottling plant in Bay City, Michigan, USA. i. ii. 89 dB(A) emitted by plant. Local people were highly disturbed. A sound barrier along the perimeter

Remedi i. al action

roadway. ii. Barrier: Grass covered, 300-foot wide berm

that incorporated a nine foot high Acoustifence barrier and landscaping for an attractive roadside aesthetic.

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Case study 1

CONSTRUCTION OF SOUND BARRIER IN COCO COLA PLANT

25

Case study 1

NOISE LEVELS AFTER BARRIER CONSTRUCTION

68 dB(A) at the plant 42.9 dB(A) at the nearest house

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Case study 2 Power plant

Case Date Cause Noise due to power plant affects local children i. ii. i. 13th April 1997; The Sunday Times, Sri Lanka. July 15, 1997; Down To Earth, CSE webnet Koolair diesel power plant in Etul Kotte, Sri Lanka caused excessive noise due to reverberating noise of generators. Political emergency: environmental laws void to meet electricity demand. 70 -100 dB(A) emitted by plant 24x7. Local people were regularly sleepless 150 200 families. Hearing problems in children aged 2.5 months to 2 years - sue through parents, claim Right to Life Ambient stds. In Sri Lanka - Max noise limits: 60 dB(A) - day, 50 dB(A) - night. Supreme Court ordered the plant to close down its
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ii. Effect i. ii. iii. iv. Verdict i.

Case study 3 IGI airport

Subject Noise pollution due to Indira Gandhi International (IGI) airport, Delhi affects hospital located 8.3 km away

Reported March 3, 2010 (www.lawisgreek.com/noisepollutiondate delhi-airport)

Cause

Noise levels created by landing aircraft, when they fly at a low height of 200-300 feet: 75 to 94 dB(A)
i. ii. Patients at the Indian Spinal Injuries Centre suffered regular sleeplessness. Doctors disturbed while surgery. Delhi High Court barred use of 2 runways. Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is ordered to control noise pollution immediately.

Effects

Remedial i. action ii.

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Case study 3 (contd..)

Subject Many other nearby residents also affected.

Reported Sep 21, 2011 (ndtv.com) date

Cause Effects Noise arising from planes, especially at night i. ii. Regular sleeplessness. Auditory and psychological stress

Remedial i. action ii.

Delhi HC: Central govt. at fault Airport: Informs flight operators max of 105 dB(A) at day, 95 at night lower than most airports. iii. DGCA: All operations to be within limits. iv. Govt.: IIT experts to help; Noisy aircraft banned to take-off/land at night from Nov. 1
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Case study 3 (contd..)

Airport JFK, New York Max. dB (A) 99

Rio de Janeiro
Paris Osaka London (3 airports)

118.4
104.5 107 94

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Minister (MoEF) addresses queries in Rajya Sabha Press Information Bureau - MoEF
Print release Subject Level of Air and Noise Pollutions in the Country 23-Aug-2011 Amendment in Noise Polln. Norms 25-Aug-2010 Noise level of crackers 18-Dec-2008 National Ambient Noise Monitoring Network - Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Lucknow & Bengaluru 5/city Mar 2010-11 http://www.cpcbnoise.com/ Maharashtra govt. seeks relaxation of loudspeaker Silence Zone norms for 15 days in Mumbai. PESO officers at Sivakasi constant monitoring of fire cracker noise levels - inspecting licensed manufacturing premises Outcome Stds. are exceeded. Insufficient data. Trend unidentified. Proposal rejected.

Case study 4 Questions in Parliament

Few samples 12 manufacturers exceeded 31

Conclusion

Identify noise Kaizen Regular monitoring Control Plan Action

Better data analysis Effective monitoring Commitment of public Green bench in Supreme Court Noise-free vibrations:
o Pain, disability of hands & arms white finger o Drivers of certain mobile machines -tractors, forklift trucks, earth movers, etc o Not yet statutory
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Assessmen t, correction