Infectious Bronchitis

IB

Presented by Dr. Arifur Rabbi, DVM. MS

Deputy Manager (Veterinary Technical Services) Agrovet Division Eskayef Bangladesh Ltd.

Infectious Bronchitis
Infectious Bronchitis (IB) is highly contagious viral disease of chicken producing clinical sign mainly in respiratory tract, renal and reproductive tract.

Causal Agent
Infectious Bronchitis Virus: Single Stranded RNA, Enveloped virus.

Transmission

The virus is shed in nasal excretion and feces of infected birds. Transmission occurs through contaminated feed, water, equipment and others infected birds.

Incubation period: 18-36 hours

Morbidity: 100%.

Mortality: less than 5% but secondary infections with E coli, Mycoplasma significantly increase mortality rate.

Clinical Signs

Mixture of respiratory signs: coughing, sneezing & rales. In older than 6 wks age, these sign only be observable at night when the birds are normally quiet.

Transmission

Mature chicken does not show any symptom, just depression

Ocular discharge & Conjunctivitis

In young birds, may huddle near heat sources.

Baby chick showing signs of gasping and respiratory distress

Dyspnea (seen here) and tracheal rales may occur in some chickens. These respiratory signs may be caused by the accumulation of exudate in the upper respiratory tract as well as pneumonia in the lungs.

In severe cases, birds may experience severe dyspnea and gasp for air.

Ocular Discharge & peri-ocular feather loss

Soft misshapen eggs: Normal calcium deposition in egg shells is disrupted.

Egg shell is roughened, color and texture is also affected.

Albumen may be thin and watery, can easily separate albumen and yolk.

Egg production may drop by up to 50% and eggs may be soft-shelled (fragile) and misshapen.

Post Mortem Lesion

Trachea shows edema and congestion.

In severe cases, there may have accumulations of serous, catarrhal, or caseous exudate.

Normal

The ovarian follicles may be involution and appear flaccid. These lesions are non-specific for IB, as many other acute diseases shows this finding.

kidneys may become swollen and pale

Swollen kidneys with severe accumulation of white urates.

Swollen kidneys with severe accumulation of white urates.

Swollen kidneys with severe accumulation of white urates.

Urate accumulations have lead to visceral gout, deposition of urates on the surfaces of the liver and heart.

Trachea shows edema and congestion.

Economic Impact
Recovered bird never return to the pre-infection egg laying levels. If severe IB infection occur in < 2 wks of age resulting permanent impairment of egg laying capacity. In laying bird egg production may drop up to 50%. IB is highly contagious disease and morbidity 100%. Reduce egg shell, color and texture quality.

Prevention
Use of disinfectant and shed gape at least 2wk in recommended. Live attenuated IB vaccine at first day. Use killed vaccine at pre laying stage. *** Vaccination at laying stage is prohibited.

Treatment
There is no specific treatment for IB

But symptomatic treatment is very useful

Kidney Care: 4ml/Liter dinking water Eskcolis + Eska CTC Or Enroflox + Eskamox

Thanks