EXPRESSIONISM

Expressionism was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas. Expressionist artists sought to express meaning or emotional experience rather than physical reality.

The most well known German expressionists are: Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, Lionel Feininger, George Grosz, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, August Macke, Emil Nolde, Max Pechstein; the Austrian Oskar Kokoschka, the Czech Alfred Kubin and the Norwegian Edvard Munch are also related to this movement. During his stay in Germany, the Russian Kandinsky was also an expressionism addict.

CHARACTERISTICS
Unconcerned with accurate depiction of subjects Rejects general ideas of beauty and harmony Attempts to capture the inner reality / emotion or psychological experience throught distortion, exaggeration, symbols and unnatural devices Leans toward abstraction

Expressionism

Expressionism is a style of art in which the intention is not to reproduce a subject accurately, but instead to portray it in such a way as to express the inner state of the artist.

KEY CONCEPT
An opposite of Impressionism: An Expressionist wishes, above all, to express himself Developed as an avant-garde style before the First World War. Such art often occurs during times of social upheaval, such as the Protestant Reformation, German Peasants War, Eight Years War, when the rape, pillage and disaster associated with periods of chaos, and oppression are presented in the documents of the printmaker.

Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) Couple Riding

Franz Marc (1880-1916) Yellow Cow

Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920) - Nude -- Caryatid

Edvard Munch (1863-1944 ) Dead Mother

Gershon Iskowitz (1921-1988 ) Sky

Kathe Kollwitz (1867-1945 )

Paul Klee (1879-1940)

FANTASY ART
Fantasy art is a genre of art that depicts magical or other supernatural themes, ideas, creatures or settings.

KEY CONCEPT
Depictions of ancient myths and legends, as well as depictions of modern day fantasy in the form of divine interventions and other magical or supernatural forces, are very common elements, and help distinguish fantasy art from other forms. Dragons, wizards, fairies and other fantastical and mythical creatures are common features in fantasy art.

 Fantasy art is strongly linked to fantasy fiction. Indeed fantasy art pieces are often intended to represent specific characters or scenes from works of fantasy literature. Such works created by amateur artists may be called fanart

 Fantastic art explores fantasy, "space fantasy" (a sub-genre which incorporates subjects of alien mythology and/or alien religion), imagination, the dream state, the grotesque, visions and the uncanny, as well as so-called "Goth" art. Being an inherent genre of Victorian Symbolism, modern fantastic art often shares its choice of themes such as mythology, occultism and mysticism, or lore and folklore, and generally seeks to depict the inner life (nature of soul and spirit)

Mermaid Syndrome By George Grie

 The first "fantastic" artist is generally said to be Hieronymus Bosch. Other painters who have been labeled fantastic include Brueghel, Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Matthias Grnewald, Hans Baldung Grien, Francisco de Goya, Gustave Moreau, Henry Fuseli, Odilon Redon, Max Klinger, Arnold Bcklin, William Blake, Gustave Dor, Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Salvador Dal, Arik Brauer, Ernst Fuchs, Rudolf Hausner, Johfra, H.R. Giger, and Mati Klarwein.

Gustave Dor's fantastic illustration of Orlando Furioso: defeating a sea monster

FUTURISM
It was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized and glorified themes associated with contemporary concepts of the future, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane and the industrial city. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere.

 Key figures of the movement include the Italians Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carr, Gino Severini, Giacomo Balla, Antonio Sant'Elia, Tullio Crali and Luigi Russolo, and the Russians Natalia Goncharova, Velimir Khlebnikov, and Vladimir Mayakovsky, as well as the Portuguese Almada Negreiros.

 Important works include its seminal piece of the literature, Marinetti's Manifesto of Futurism, as well as Boccioni's sculpture, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, and Balla's painting, Abstract Speed + Sound (pictured).

Giacomo Balla, Abstract Speed + Sound, 19131914

 Futurism influenced art movements such as Art Deco, Constructivism, Surrealism, Dada, and to a greater degree, Rayonism and Vorticism.

 The Futurist Manifesto, written by the Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, was published in the Italian newspaper Gazzetta dell'Emilia in Bologna on 5 February 1909, then in French as "Manifeste du futurisme" in the newspaper Le Figaro on 20 February 1909. It initiated an artistic philosophy, Futurism, that was a rejection of the past, and a celebration of speed, machinery, violence, youth and industry; it was also an advocation of the modernisation and cultural rejuvenation of Italy.

 The Futurist painters were slow to develop a distinctive style and subject matter. In 1910 and 1911 they used the techniques of Divisionism, breaking light and color down into a field of stippled dots and stripes, which had been originally created by Giovanni Segantini and others

separation of colors into individual dots or patches which interacted optically.[

 See another file futurism art examples

ABSTRACTION
Abstract art uses a visual language of form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world. Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of visible reality.

 Robert Delaunay (12 April 1885 25 October 1941) was a French artist who, with his wife Sonia Delaunay and others, cofounded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and geometric shapes. His later works were more abstract, reminiscent of Paul Klee. His key influence related to bold use of colour, and a clear love of experimentation of both depth and tone.

Simultaneous Windows on the City, 1912, by Robert Delaunay, Hamburger Kunsthalle

KEY CONCEPT
Three art movements which contributed to the development of abstract art were Romanticism, Impressionism and Expressionism. Artistic independence for artists was advanced during the 19th century. Patronage from the church diminished and private patronage from the public became more capable of providing a livelihood for artists.

 Abstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art. This departure from accurate representation can be only slight, or it can be partial, or it can be complete. Abstraction exists along a continuum