The First Three Weeks

Thomas A. Marino, Ph.D. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Temple University School of Medicine

Introduction
The lecture will focus on the early development of the embryo We will cover the first three weeks after fertilization. Will start with a fertilized egg.

Week 1-3:
Formation of: Blastocyst Bilaminar disc
Gastrulation

Trilaminar disc
Lateral body folding Head and tail folding

Vertebrate body plan

Week 1:
2 cell stage Day 2
4 cell stage Late Day 2 Morula Day 3

Blastocyst Day 5

Fertilization Day 1

Implantation Day 6 - 7

Early Embryology

http://www.infertilitydoctor.com/ivf/ivf_devel.htm PACIFIC FERTILITY CENTER

Week 1
The blastocyst consists of :
Inner Cell Mass (embryoblast)

Trophoblast

Blastocele

Week 1
Uterine Artery Uterine Gland

Epithelium of Uterus

Inner Cell Mass

Trophoblast Blastsocele

Week 2 Day 7.5

Inner Cell Mass Blastocyst Cavity

Cytotrophoblast

Syncytiotrophoblast

Week 2: Early Development

Cytotrophoblast Amniotic Cavity Amnioblasts Inner Cell Mass: Epiblast Hypoblast

Primary Yolk Sac

Exocoelomic Membrane

Human Developmental Anatomy Center - 9 days of Gestation

Early Development - Week 2 Day 10

Syncytiotrophoblast Amniotic Cavity

Epiblast
Hypoblast Primary yolk sac

Exocoelomic membrane
Cytotrophoblast Extraembryonic mesoderm

Week 2: Early Development

Lacunae Amniotic Cavity Epiblast Hypoblast Primary yolk sac Exocoelomic membrane Cytotrophoblast Extraembryonic mesoderm

Human Developmental Anatomy Center - 9 days of Gestation

Week 2: Early Development

Connecting stalk Cytotrophoblast Epiblast Hypoblast
Amniotic Cavity

Extraembryonic somatopleuric mesoderm Extraembryonic splanchnopleuric mesoderm

Extraembryonic Coelom

Primary Yolk Sac

Third Week
cytotrophoblast

Epiblast Hypoblast Primitive Yolk Sac

Extraembryonic Somatopleuric Mesoderm Extraembryonic Splanchnopleuric Mesoderm

Extraembryonic Coelom

 Human Developmental Anatomy Center

Third Week Bilaminar Disc

Gastrulation
Amnion

Hypoblast Primary Yolk Sac

Epiblast

Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

UNSW Embryology 17 19 days of gestation

Gastrulation

Primitive Node

Primitive Streak

Gastrulation

Notochord

Neural Plate

Gastrulation

Gastrulation
Amniotic Cavity
Epiblast

Primary Yolk Sac

Hypoblast

Gastrulation
Primitive Node Primitive Pit

Gastrulation
Notochord Oral Plate

Connecting Stalk

Pre(noto)chordal plate

Primitive Node

Primitive Streak

Gastrulation

Gastrulation
Primitive Pit

Primitive Node

Notochordal Process

Gastrulation

Gastrulation
ectoderm mesoderm

endoderm

notochordal canal

notochordal process

Gastrulation
Neurenteric Canal

Notochordal plate

Gastrulation

Notochordal Plate

Gastrulation

Gastrulation
Ectoderm

Paraxial mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm

Amniotic Cavity

Lateral plate mesoderm

Yolk Sac

Endoderm

Notochord

Formation of the Body Axis The cranial end of the embryo

Anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) OTX, LIM1, HESX1 transcription factors secreted factor ceberus

Formation of the Body Axis

BMP-4 FGF

BMP-4 FGF

BMP-4 bone morphogenetic protein-4 with FGF Fibroblast growth factor

Lateralize Mesoderm: Intermediate and Lateral Plate mesoderm

Formation of the Body Axis

Goosecoid, chordin Noggin and follistatin Dorsalize mesoderm into Notochord and Paraxial Mesoderm

Cranial Mesoderm Notochord Somites Somitomeres

Formation of the Body Axis

Nodal

HNF-3b Brachyury (T) gene

Forebrain Midbrain

Mid and caudal midline mesoderm development

Formation of the Body Axis Left Right Sidedness

Cilia in Left Right sidedness

Situs inversus
20% (Kartagener syndrome)
Dysfunctional cilia Respiratory problems Male fertility problems

UNSW Embryology 20 days of gestation