Aristotle

Geocentric Theory of the Universe:

The earth is the center of the universe. Complicated

Copernicus
Heliocentric Universal Thoery

The sun is the center og the universe.

Dedicated twenty years to carefully obtain data about the planets and stars movement. But he only made observations and give them to Johannes Keppler.

After thinking about the movement he realized the planets move in Elliptical orbits (at first he thought it was circular).

This defines the first Kepler Law: Each planet moves in an elliptical orbit, with Sun at one focus of the ellipse.

With Brahes observations, Kepler also realized when the planets are closer to the Sun, they moved faster than when they are farer. With this he concluded: A line from the sun to a given planet sweeps areas in equal times.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiWK5z7z_Oc

The square of the ratio of the periods (T) of any planet revolving about the sun is equal to the cube of the ratio of their average distances from the sun. T2=Kr3 where K is a constant value which is aproximately 300.46x10-21 s2/m3

F=K m Force exerted by the sun to a planet. r2 Two objects because of its mass are attracted between them, with a force directly proportional to the product of its masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

12 2

Henry Cavendish calculated the attraction force between two masses, confirming Newtons

G=6.67x10-11 Nkg2/m2

12 = 2

Low orbit: Geocentric orbit 02000km

Centripetal force of the satellite = Gravitational Force

R+h

r= R +h

Its the necessary initial speed needed to throw an object outside Earths orbit: V= 11,000 m/s

Geosynchronous orbits (period equal to the Earths). > 35,786km