Transmission lines

Microstrip:-

Micro strip is a type of electrical transmission line which can be

fabricated using printed circuit board technology, and is used to convey microwave -frequency signals.

Description:
Micro strip is a planar transmission line that basically consists of a thinfilm strip in intimate contact with one side of a flat dielectric substrate, with a similar thin-film ground-plane conductor on the other side of the substrate. It is similar to Strip line and coplanar waveguide, and it is possible to integrate all three on the same substrate.

In modern wireless and mobile communication systems, Radio Frequency (RF) and microwave filter are important and essential components. No doubt, filters are playing an important role in the RF and microwave applications. Filters with smaller size, lighter weight, higher performance, and lower insertion loss are of high demand. Micro strip filters can fulfill the requirements stated above. Besides wireless and mobile communication systems, low-temperature coifed ceramics (LTCC), high temperature superconductor (HTS), monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC), micro electro-mechanic system (MEMS) and micromachining technology, have driven the rapid development of the new micro strip filter than other microwave and RF filters.

The rapid growth of mobile and wireless communication system technology in todays world has increased the need of applying the micro strip band pass filters into design.
Many of these communication systems are complex and will require the circuitry design to be small in size, low cost, easy to fabricate, high performance and multi-frequency.

 The

choice of topology depends upon

1.Characteristics of filters,such as chebyshev or elliptic. 2.Bandwidth 3.size

 choice

of a The substrate depends on 1.size 2.higher order modes 3.Implementations couplings,line/spacing 4.Temperature stability

Separation between microstrip resonators.

S=h + t/2
To calculate full wavelength

=c/f
to calculate the length

l =/4

Micro strip is a planar transmission line that basically consists of a thinfilm strip in intimate contact with one side of a flat dielectric substrate, with a similar thin-film ground-plane conductor on the other side of the substrate. It is similar to strip line and coplanar waveguide, and it is possible to integrate all three on the same substrate. Transmission line: DEFINITION: In general a transmission line consisting of a strip conductor and a ground plane separated by a dielectric medium.

Description:
If the substrate thickness h increases or if the conductor width w decreases fringing fields become more prominent and cannot be ignored in the mathematical model.

when the breakdown occurs in substrate

Vo is the maximum breakdown voltage of the substrate, Zc is the characteristic impedance of the micro strip . NOTE: Narrower band filters result in higher electric field density, leading to a lower peak power handling

 There

are three major losses in a microstrip

1.Conductor loss 2.Dielectric loss 3.radiation loss

The major advantage of micro strip are,

Compatibility with the microwave active devices that can be very easily mounted on the substrate. Enormous reduction in volume and weight Increase in reliability

Reduction in cost
Mass production Micro strip circuits can radiate, causing unintended circuit response.

The disadvantages of microstrip compared with waveguide are the generally lower power handling capacity, and higher losses. Also, unlike waveguide, microstrip is not enclosed.
The disadvantages are that when high isolation is required such as in a filter or switch, some external shielding may have to be considered.

Micro strip circuits find extensive applications in radar systems, microwave communication links, satellite communication systems, wireless and mobile communication systems, medical equipment, etc.

REFRENCES:

2 http://www.hp.com/HP-COMP/rf/hprfhelp/design/appcad.htm Harlan Howe, Jr.: Stripline Circuit Design, Artech House, Inc. 1974,Dedham, MA. 4 http://www.nonlintec.com/tline.zip 5 http://www.engineers.com/software/sonnet.htm