Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Communicable diseases
Communicable diseases are diseases that are as a result of the causative organism spreading from one person to another or from animals to people. These diseases affect people of all ages but more so children due to their exposure to environmental conditions that support the spread.
TYPHOID FEVER CHOLERA VIRAL HEPATITIS ACUT GASTROENTERITIS DYSENTARY AMOEBIC DYSENTARY GIARDIASIS WORMS POLIOMYELITIS FOOD POISONING
HOOKWORMS TETANUS
CONTACT INFECTION
SCABIES SKIN SEPSIS IMPETIGO RINGWORM OR TINEA CONJUNCTIVTIS TROCHOMA
MIXED INFECTIONS
LAPROSY
BASIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
Definition
Epidemiology is the study of distribution and determinants of disease and conditions among populations.
Disease distribution is considered in terms of Persons, time and place (Who, when and where). Persons who are affected by disease in terms of age, sex, race, occupation etc. he common characteristics relating to those persons affected by disease.
VECTOR
HOST ENVIRON MENT
Agent refers to the disease causing organism characteristics e.g. habitation, breeding migration, infectivity, climatic and environmental factors favoring its existence. Host refers to the biological makeup of the individuals that make the vulnerable to the specified illness e.g. physical condition, genetic make up, habits etc. Environment refers to the ecological conditions that favor the interaction of host and agent e.g. swampy areas, bushes within house holds, sanitation etc.
Definition
The host, agent and environmental factors have to be conducive for the disease to occur. All communicable disease requires that the three factors are present for individuals to be affected.
Disease transmission
1) 2) 3) Direct contact for example sexual contact Vectors like mosquitoes Faecal oral (ingesting contaminated food and water) Airbone Transplacental (mother to foetus) Blood contact (transfusion, surgery, injection) Contact with animals or their products that are infected. 8) Susceptible host is an individual who has low resistance to particular disease. This may be due to various factors such as; 9) Lack of previous contact with the disease hence no immune cells 10) Immuno suppressive illnesses such as AIDS 11) Malnutrition 12) Drugs that a person may be consuming.
4) 5)
6)
7)