Corruption In India And Its Causes & Implications Submitted By:Gurinderjeet Kaur Ramandeep Kaur Samra

Definition
Corruption may defined as the use of public office for private gain, or in other words, use of official position, rank or status by an office bearer for his own personal benefit. Following from this definition, examples of corrupt behavior would include: (a) bribery (f) appropriation of public (b) extortion assets and property for private (c) fraud use (d) embezzlement (g) influence peddling (e) nepotism

Corruption equation
A corruption equation can be set out as follows (Klitgaard 1998): C=M+DA In the above equation, C stands for corruption, M for Monopoly, D for discretionary powers, and A for In explaining this formula, they state that accountability. The equation states that the more monopoly(M) corruption tends to flourish "where officials exist in a country, the larger willover a good or have a monopoly power be the corruption. Similarly, the greater the discretion in deciding whogranted to service, unlimited discretionary powers (D) administrators, the greater will be the corruption. However, the gets that good or service or how much they more administrators areno accountability whereby get, and there is held accountable (A) for their actions, the less will be the corruption, and hence a minus sign in front others can see what that person is deciding." of A.

In India ( as on 31st January,2012)

7172 corruption cases pending in courts CBI registered 600 corruption cases in 2011 CBI registers over 2,200 corruption cases in past 3 years

Corruption in India
As with many developing nations, corruption is widespread in India. India is ranked 95 out of a 182 countries in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, its score has degraded from 3.4 in 2008 to 3.1 in 2011. Corruption has taken the role of a persistent aspect of Indian politics and administration.

CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2011

Here the country having highest index is most clean and countries having index are highly corrupt

TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL CORRUPTION INDEX 2011

 Corruption and political instability may be two sides of the same coin.

Watch system beaten common man Mussadi Lal try his level best to tackle different types of officers in different office and always end-up failed and frustrated.

CAUSES (political level)

1. Continuation of confused Nehruvian Socialism for the last a few decades and hypocrisy of current Liberalism when large scale leaking subsidies still continue. 2. Weak and ineffective Local governments inspite of Amendments 73 and 74 to Constitution of India 3. Fixed and purchased vote bank with manipulated Voters lists. 4. Rusted and fargile steel frame of outdated colonial model of IAS Bureaucracy. 5. Our fundamental rules in governance, Police, Co-operative and other welfare Societies etc are still based on 1860 Act as amended but not implemented.

6. Our private schools/colleges obtain signatures for higher UGC scale salary but pay nearly 50% of the amount. Thus Corrupt teachers/Professors/ management etc are running the schools/colleges. 7. In I.A.S officers Training Academy (LBSNAA) corruption is prevailing and brought to the notice of Cabinet Scy, Prime Minister etc.They are all closing their eyes to save their IAS colleague in LBSNAA. 8. The subsidised domestic LPG cylinders are sold to commercial organisation/hotels etc at much higher rate in the presence of law enforcing agencies, no one stops this for their corrupt material gain. All the Deputy Commissioners of major districts know about it but are helpless. 9. First the government recovers TDS at much higher percentage and when question of Refund comes, for years Refund is not given unless some fixed% is given to Income Tax officials. If you complain there is more harassment in future to make you run from pillar to post. 10. Our spiritual gururs openly accept donation of Black money. Neither the donor want receipt nor Gurus are keen to give receipts. . there is endless list for corrupt practices. i do not know what LOKPAL/LOKAYUKT will do in such cases

Causes which now become main reasons for corruptions

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Lack of effective management and organisation. Lack of economical stability. Lack of support. Lack of values. Lack of love for country Lack of satisfaction Lack of autonomy Lack of good control and vigilance Lack of good remuneration Lack of employment. Lack of seats and educational institutions List is endless.

Top 10 Corruption Scams in India

1. Indian Black Money Scam

Cost: Rs. 7,280,000 Crores Face of the Scam: Hassan Ali Khan Hasan Ali Khan is claimed to the almost immediate This scam can be said to be be an Indian billionaire cause businessman.In 2007, authorities began investigatingby the of the anti-corruption movement being faced Khan for suspicion revelation about the has Swiss of money country. The of money laundering .Hehugeasums bank account with away in Swiss deposits.He allegedly being stashed 8 Billion Dollars inbanks served as an stashed to rally against the government that had impetus away billions into Swiss bank accounts with thebeen help of theit. The magnanimity of the situation came into ignoring Kolkata based businessman, Kashinath Tapuria via hawala channel. focus when Indian businessman was arrested on money laundering charges which was to the tune of Rs. 39,120 crores.

2. CWG Scam
Cost: Rs. 70,000 crores Face of the Scam: Suresh Kalmadi The Commonwealth Games held in India was an even that was soaked in controversies and corruption to say the least. While the organizing committee drew flak for various allegations like child labour, environmental impact, racism and financial costs, the one that shocked the nation was the humungous amount of funds that had been mishandled by them. The chairman of the organizing committee was, resultantly, arrested on charges of 'criminal conspiracy and cheating.'

3. 2G Spectrum Scam
Cost: Rs 176,000 crore Face of the Scam: A. Raja & M. K. Kanimozhi The 2G scam is one of the latest scams that Have hit our country driving it to incur huge losses. And caught at the centre of the embarrassing controversy was the Telecom Minister, A. Raja himself. The scam became bigger with new revelations of the involvement of politicians, bureaucrats, corporate personalities, media persons and lobbyists. The granting of licenses to various companies led to a massive loss to the exchequer. Also, daughter of political heavyweight, M. Karunanidhi, M. Kanimozhi was also arrested on charges of being a co-conspirator in the scandal.

4. Scorpene Submarine Scam

Cost: Rs 18,978 crores Face of the Scam: Ravi Shankaran The Scorpene submarines scam was one of the biggest corruption scandals faced by the country and including the navy. In the scandal, secret Navy documents were sold to the makers of the Scorpene submarine. The Indian government had approved the 19,000 crore submarine deal with the French company. The purchase of six Scorpene submarines cost the Indian government a lot more than its actual price.

5. Stamp Paper Scam

Cost: Rs 20,000 crores Face of the Scam: Abdul Karim Telgi The Stamp Paper scam was perhaps the most innovative scam in the list. Abdul Karim Telgi, a former fruits and vegetables seller, duped the nation of crores of rupees by printing fake stamp papers. He began his counterfeit career by making fake passports after which he started selling fake stamp papers to banks, insurance companies, share broking firms and bulk purchases. What was surprising, was the involvement of many police officers and other government employees. In fact, one police officer was said to have assets worth Rs. 100 crores despite earning only Rs. 9000 a month.

6. Bofors Scam
Cost: Rs. 400 million Face of the Scam: Ottavio Quattrocchi The Bofors scandal that hit the country was a major corruption scandal which changed the fate of the, then ruling, Congress party. Top politicians like Rajiv Gandhi and S.K. Bhatnagar and high profile names like Win Chadha and the Hinduja family were accused of "receiving kickbacks from Bofors AB for winning a bid to supply India's 155 mm field howitzer." The scale of the corruption was such that it immediately led to the defeat of the government headed by Rajiv Gandhi. Italian businessman Ottavio Quattrocchi, was the prime accused in the scandal and was chased by the CBI for years.

7. Mining Scam
Cost: Rs. 300,000 crores Face of the Scam: Naveen Patnaik Government.

This scam was plundering at its best with the Naveen Patnaik led government exploiting the state's minerals to the tune of lakhs of crores of rupees. Apparently, the mine owners had been illegally using fake Transit Passes to transport minerals from Orissa to other states. The plundering was a large scale one and involved many high profile people from the government and bureaucracy.

8. Fodder Scam
Cost: Rs. 950 crores Face of the Scam: Lalu Prasad Yadav Bihar's most famous scam was the one involving fodder and ex- Chief Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav. The officials of the Bihar state government embezzled funds worth Rs. 950 crores by fabricating vast herds of fictitious livestock for which fodder, medicines and animal husbandry equipment were acquired. Soon, Lalu resigned from the post following immense pressure from all quarters owing to his close involvement in the case.

9. Hawala Scam
Cost: US$ 18 billion Face of the Scam: L.K Advani/ Late Narasimha Rao Hawala scam was probably the first scam that gave the public an idea of the the loot of national treasure that was being implemented by the top politicians. The scam revolved around the payments that the politicians received from hawala brokers, who basically fund terrorism around the globe. Many prominent politicians like LK Advani, Arjun Singh, Yashwant Sinha, Kalpnath Roy, VC Shukla, Madhavrao Scindia, Sharad Yadav, Buta Singh, Natwar Singh and Madan Lal Khurana were indicted in this case, but no action was taken against them due to lack of hardcore evidence.

10. Satyam Scam

Cost: Rs. 14,000 crores Face of the Scam: B. Ramalinga Raju

The Satyam Scam was the biggest corporate scam that the country ever saw. The founder of the Satyam Group, Raju, resigned after he admitted to fudging the account books for years and falsely inflating the profit figures and revenues of Satyam for years. The credibility of the company fell hugely, owing to the scam and it was finally taken over by the Mahindra Group.

 3G scam of 20000 crores coming?! High court questions government! Delhi High Court sought a reply from the central government on a petition alleging that some telecom operators gained a back-door entry into the 3G arena, causing a loss of around Rs.20,000 crore to the exchequer. Ofcourse, currently this does not seem to be scam by Government employees! This seem to be scam by operators via illegal entries to un-licensed area! The petitioner alleged that the telecom operators entered into a criminal conspiracy to cheat the government and defraud it of huge revenue. But question is, do ministers know this? Did they deliberately ignore the violation (if any) "The DOT is keeping silent on the violations of licence conditions and on loss of more than Rs.20,000 crore to the national exchequer. Despite the representations, no response was received from the DoT and the TRAI,"

Current 3-G scam

No wonder Airtel jingle sings har friend zaroori hota hai and jo tera hian vo mera hian. The question is who are these zaroori friends are they only Vodafone and Idea, or does the friendship extend much further? Out of 22 service areas, Vodafone has secured license for 9, Airtel for 13 and Idea for 9. Against the total license fee of Rs. 16,750.6 crore, Vodafone has paid Rs. 11,617.9 crore, Airtel 12,295.5 crore and Idea only 5,254.6 crore, saving thereby over Rs. 20,000 crore.

COAL SCAM
According to the CAG draft report, the government extended undue benefits totalling a Rs 10.67 lakh crore to commercial entities by giving them 155 coal acreages without auction between 2004 and 2009. Referring to major scams, Javdekar said, "The CWG scam is (is to the tune) of Rs 70,000 crore, 2G scam is Rs 1.76 lakh crore. But, now the new coal scam is Rs 10.67 lakh crore. It is a government of scams... from airways to mining everywhere the government is involved in scams." He said, "In 2006, the government introduced the Bill for auction of coal blocks...But the government did not pass the Bill till 2010. 17 billion tonnes of coal reserve in 73 blocks were distributed to private companies. It is a huge scam. There are many cases where people have sold the licences."

Corruption In Politics
Criminalization of Indian politics is a main problem. In July 2008 Washington Times reported that nearly a fourth of the 540 Indian Parliament members faced criminal charges, "including human trafficking, immigration rackets, embezzlement and even murder". At state level, things are often worse.

Corruption In administration
A 2009 survey of the leading economies of Asia, revealed Indian administration to be not just least efficient out of Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand, South Korea, Japan, etc. further it was also found that working with the India's civil servants was a "slow and painful" process.

Index of Corruption by Indian states

Corruption In Judiciary
Corruption is rampant in the judicial system of India. According to Transparency International, judicial corruption in India is attributable to factors such as "delays in the disposal of cases, shortage of judges and complex procedures.

Survey corruption impact

1. Loss of National wealth. 2. Hindrance and obstruction in development 3. Backwardness 4. Poverty 5. Authority and power in wrong hands 6. Brain drain 7. Rise in terrorism and crimes 8. Rise in suicide cases 9. psychological and social disorders

How will corruption scenario in India change in the next 2 years?

REALLY HONEST PERSON WILL NOT