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Give me matter, and I will construct a world out of it. Immanuel Kant
Centroid of Area
Figure 3.1 Ductile material Figure 3.2 Failure of a brittle from a standard tensile test material from a standard apparatus. (a) Necking; (b) tensile test apparatus. failure. Hamrock Fundamentals of machine Elements
Figure 3.6 Typical stress-strain behavior for ductile metal showing elastic and plastic deformations and yield strength Sy. Hamrock Fundamentals of machine Elements
Figure 3.7 Typical tensile stressFigure 3.8 Stress-strain strain diagrams for brittle and diagram for ceramic in ductile metals loaded to fracture. tension and in compression. Hamrock Fundamentals of machine Elements
Example 3.6
Behavior of Polymers
Figure 3.10 Stress-strain diagram for polymer below, at, and above its glass transition behavior.
Density of Materials
Figure 3.11 Density for various metals, polymers, and ceramics at room temperature (20C, 68F). Hamrock Fundamentals of machine Elements
Density of Materials
Table 3.1 Density for various metals, polymers, and ceramics at room temperature (20C, 68F).
Modulus of Elasticity
Figure 3.12 Modulus of elasticity for various metals, polymers, and ceramics at room temperature (20C, 68F). Hamrock Fundamentals of machine Elements
Modulus of Elasticity
Table 3.2 Modulus of elasticity for various metals, polymers, and ceramics at room temperature (20C, 68F). Hamrock Fundamentals of machine Elements
Poissons Ratio
Table 3.3 Poissons ratio for various metals, polymers, and ceramics at room temperature (20C, 68F).
Thermal Conductivity
Figure 3.13 Thermal conductivity for various metals, polymers, and ceramics at room temperature (20C, 68F). Hamrock Fundamentals of machine Elements
Thermal Conductivity
Table 3.4 Thermal conductivity for various metals, polymers, and ceramics at room temperature (20C, 68F).
Figure 3.14 Linear thermal expansion coefficient for various metals, polymers, and ceramics at room temperature (20C, 68F). Hamrock Fundamentals of machine Elements
Table 3.5 Linear thermal expansion coefficient for various metals, polymers, and ceramics at room temperature (20C, 68F). Hamrock Fundamentals of machine Elements
Figure 3.15 Specific heat capacity for various metals, polymers, and ceramics at room temperature (20C, 68F).
Table 3.6 Specific heat capacity for various metals, polymers, and ceramics at room temperature (20C, 68F).
Example 3.12
Specific Strength
Wear Constant
Sand Casting
Figure 3.24 The extrusion process. (a) Schematic illustration of the forward or direct extrusion process; (b) Examples of cross-sections commonly extruded. Hamrock Fundamentals of machine Elements
Polymer Extruder
Figure 3.26 A plot of achievable tolerance versus surface roughness for assorted manufacturing operations. Hamrock Fundamentals of machine Elements