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Emotions and Moods

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EmotionsWhy Emotions Were Ignored in OB Emotions are critical factor in employee behavior. The myth of rationality Emotions of any kind are disruptive to organizations. Original OB focus was solely on the effects of strong negative emotions that interfered with individual and organizational efficiency.

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What Are Emotions? Affect
A broad range of emotions that people experience

Emotions
Intense feelings that are directed at someone or something

Moods
Feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus

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The Basic Emotions
While not universally accepted, there appear to be six basic emotions: 1. Anger 2. Fear 3. Sadness 4. Happiness 5. Disgust 6. Surprise All other emotions are subsumed under these six May even be placed in a spectrum of emotion: Happiness surprise fear sadness anger - disgust

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Mood as Positive and Negative Affect

Low Negative

Low positive

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Sources of Emotions and Moods
Personality Day and Time of the Week NOT Weather Stress Social Activities Sleep Exercise Age Gender

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External Constraints on Emotions
Organizational Influences Cultural Influences

Individual Emotions

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Emotional Labor
A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions.

Emotional Dissonance
A situation where there are inconsistencies between the emotions we feel and the emotions we project.

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Felt vs. Displayed Emotions
Felt Emotions
An individuals actual emotions

Displayed Emotions
Emotions that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job

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Affective Events Theory (AET) Work events trigger positive and negative emotional reactions Personality and mood determine the intensity of the emotional response. Emotions can influence a broad range of work performance and job satisfaction variables.

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Implications of AET Theory
Individual response reflects emotions and mood cycles. Current and past emotions affect job satisfaction. Emotional fluctuations create variations in job satisfaction and performance. Both negative and positive emotions can distract workers and reduce job performance

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Affective Events Theory (AET)

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Emotional Intelligence
The ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information. Self-awareness = Know how you feel Self-management = Manage your emotions and impulses Self-motivation = Can motivate yourself and persist Empathy = Sense and understand what others feel Social Skills = Can handle the emotions of others

Research Findings: Characterize high performers, high EI scores, not high IQ scores.

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OB Applications of Emotions and Moods
Emotions and Selection : Emotions affect employee effectiveness. Decision Making : Emotions are an important part of the decision-making process in organizations. Creativity : Positive mood increases creativity. Motivation : Emotional commitment to work and high motivation are strongly linked. Leadership : Emotions are important to acceptance of messages from organizational leaders. Interpersonal Conflict : Conflict in the workplace and individual emotions are strongly intertwined.

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More OB Applications
Negotiation : Emotions can impair negotiations. Customer Services : Emotions affect service quality delivered to customers which, in turn, affects customer relationships. Job Attitudes : Can carry over to home Deviant Workplace Behaviors : Negative emotions lead to employee deviance (actions that violate norms and threaten the organization).

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Moods are more general than emotions and less contextual Emotions and moods impact all areas of OB Managers cannot and should not attempt to completely control the emotions of their employees Managers must not ignore the emotions of their co-workers and employees Behavior predictions will be less accurate if emotions are not taken into account

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Ravindra comes to class and sits quietly looking content and relaxed. The teacher is guessing that

Ravindra is:
Low on negative affect High on positive affect High on negative affect Low on positive affect Discuss why Ravindra, who is seemingly happy but calm, isnt just low on positive affect.