The Satellite town & Garden City

Lecture 5
Engr. Mansoor Khan

Overview

Definitions
General Concept Why Satellite Town?.... Satellite Town & Suburb Characteristics Disadvantages Example Of Satellite Town

Definitions
Satellite Town is basically a residential area along with basic needs of life, located outside the parent city. New Town planned and built to serve a particular local industry, or overspill town for people who work in a nearby metropolis.

More comprehensive definition

Town, self-contained and limited in size, built in the vicinity of a large town or city to house and employ those who would otherwise create a demand for expansion of the existing settlement, but dependent on the parent-city to a certain extent for population and major services.

General Concept:
SA T E L L I T E T OW N

H IGH W A Y
SA T E L L I T E T OW N

SA T E L L I T E T OW N

SA T E L L I T E T OW N SA T E L L I T E T OW N

Why Satellite Town???........

The term satellite is used to indicate a body under the influence of a more powerful body but possessing its own identity.

Characteristics of Satellite Town

It is located outside the green belt of main city. It is physically separated from the parent city by rural territory. It is partially independent from that metropolis economically and socially. It is not self sufficient & depends on parent city. It is residential area having local shops & school for children etc.

Characteristics of Satellite Town

It is connected to the parent city by roads or highways. A satellite town has its own local government & corporation life etc. Although it is complete town , but is also not like a village or suburb. As it is only residential area , so it has no zoning. It size and development are controlled in such a way that it does not become a rival to the parent city.

Disadvantage
The main disadvantage of satellite town is the necessity of long journey for the people of town to go to the parent city for different needs however this drawback of satellite town may be overcome by an efficient transport.

Reference of Hadith
Saying of Muhammad (SAW) about that satellite town is, If the population of certain city exceeds certain limit so that it is out of control, a new city should be constructed in nearby of the original city so as to minimize the load on original city. If it is not done ,there will be high rate of crime, the characters values will be destroy and the life of people will become difficult and full of miseries.

The Garden City

The Garden City

The garden city movement is a method of urban planning that was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom.

Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts" (parks), containing proportionate areas of residences, industry and agriculture

Background
The Garden City Concept was introduced to reduce and solve social problems and to reduce load on existing city. The problems occurred, as more and more farmers became workers in the factories. The living conditions became worse, due to the fact that many workers' settlements were located next to the industrial areas or within the cities.

Garden cityEngland

The basic idea

Inspired by the Utopian novel Looking Backward, Howard published his book To-morrow: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform in 1898 (which was reissued in 1902 as Garden Cities of To-morrow)

Can be a possibility

Howard idealization of the idea

His idealised garden city would house 32,000 people on a site of 6,000 acres (2,400 ha), planned on a concentric pattern with open spaces, public parks and six radial boulevards, 120 ft (37 m) wide, extending from the centre.

The garden city would be self-sufficient and when it reached full population, another garden city would be developed nearby.
Howard envisaged a cluster of several garden cities as satellites of a central city of 50,000 people, linked by road and rail.

A boulevard

A boulevard (French)often abbreviated Blvd, is type of road, usually a wide, multilane arterial road, divided with a median down the centre, and roadways along each side designed as slow travel and parking lanes and for bicycle and pedestrian usage, often with an above-average quality of landscaping and scenery.

A comprehensive definition
A garden city is a town designed for healthy living and industry; of a size that makes possible a full measure of social life; but not larger; surrounded by a rural belt; the whole of the land being in public ownership or held in trust for the community.

The 3 Magnets

Ebenezer Howard mentioned the advantages and disadvantages of town life and city life on the respective two magnets, namely, town magnet and country magnet. On the third magnet he wrote the attractive features of town life and country life and posed the problem, where will the people go? These attractive features were natural beauty, bright homes and gardens, low rents, no slums, no smoke and social opportunity.

The Garden city structure

The Garden City consists of different zones, street types and green part. The core is in the centre contains a central park, surrounded by a commercial, cultural and administrative zone. Here, the idea of the shopping mal came up, as Howard wanted to develop a " Crystal palace" where goods such as hand craft produced by the inhabitants could be sold protected from weather. During the weekends the core was supposed to be the cultural and recreational centre.

The Garden city structure

Six magnificent boulevards connect the centre with the circumference, dividing the city into six parts. Every family has a house of a minimum size of 6m x 30m with a shared or owned garden. Social infrastructure (i.e. schools) is located along the Grand Avenue . The outer ring is supposed for small scale industries and manufactories to keep the inhabitants away from emission and a green belt and a circle railway mark the border to the countryside.

The Garden city structure

Features of a Garden city

Open spaces and gardens around all houses and factory buildings. Population neither too small nor too large (Howards limit b/w 30,000 to 40,000). City is owned by all citizens on co-operative basis. Independent and have its own civic life and afford all daily needs. Self sufficient unit having its own industries. Surrounded by green belt. Need not have rapid transit arrangement. Principles of zoning strictly applied

A Practical application
Howard was fortunate enough to apply his theory in actual practice. In 1903, the first garden city was planned 48km from London at Letch worth. The area was 1527 hectares. It was steadily grown with great success. It contains 8500 houses, 95 factories and more than 28000 people

Letch worth

Letch worth

Letch worth community

S.no
1

feature

Garden cities

Satellite towns

Dependence SelfDepend on sufficient unit the parent city Gardens Around all houses and factories Not compulsory

Green belt

Surrounded Situated by green belt outside green belt of the parent city
Permitted Not

Industries

Assignment task

Keeping in view the situation in Urban Peshawar what is the best option. A satellite town or a garden city?

Thanks